Tag Archives: chaff

75-84 A. Jasinskas, I. Ulozevičiūtė, E. Šarauskis and A. Sakalauskas
Impact of immature willows stems chopping quality on the harmful emissions evaluation
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Impact of immature willows stems chopping quality on the harmful emissions evaluation

A. Jasinskas, I. Ulozevičiūtė, E. Šarauskis and A. Sakalauskas

Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, KaunasAkademija,
Studentu str. 15A, LT-53361 Kauno r., Lithuania;

Abstract:

The analytical review of the experimental research results of energy plants preparation, burning efficiency and the emissions of harmful substances into the air while burning these plants, is presented in this paper. After the experimental study, immature (1–2 year of growth) willow (Salix viminalis) stems chaff chopping quality were observed. In truth, use of the drum chopping equipment prepared chaff fractional composition, and there were defined and calculated immature willow stems chaff of theoretical length (from 11.8 till 61.3 mm). They were presented and compared with the experimental research results of the low power boiler efficiency and harmful emissions into the air while burning energy plants – immature willow, chopped by the drum chopper of Maral-125 combine. The test was carried out in the laboratory of the low power boiler, which is designed to burn wood, wood briquettes and large wood chaff. After determination of boiler efficiency and harmful substances (CO2, CO, NO, NOx) emissions into the environment while burning different lengths of willow chaff, it was concluded that the boiler developed about 66–86% of nominal boiler power, and pollution emissions concentration into the environment was lower when willow chaff of 49.2 mm length was burned.

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86-98 A. Jasinskas, I. Ulozeviciute and A. Sakalauskas
Evaluation of Physical-Mechanical Properties of Energy Plant Stems and Their Chaff
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Evaluation of Physical-Mechanical Properties of Energy Plant Stems and Their Chaff

A. Jasinskas, I. Ulozeviciute and A. Sakalauskas

Department of Agricultural Machinery, Lithuanian University of Agriculture,
Kaunas-Akademija, 15A Studentu Str., LT-53361 Kauno r., Lithuania; e-mail: aljas@mei.lt

Abstract:

In this article characteristics of willow and topinambour stems used for energy generation are presented. The potential of energy plants grown in Lithuania is reviewed, the methods of plant converting to energy are presented, and different chopping mechanisms are reviewed. The article presents a methodology for evaluation of willow and topinambour stems, their bio-metrical properties and physical-mechanical properties of stem chaff. The experiment results were discussed. Experiments were made on manually cut willow and topinambour stems, which were chopped by drum, disc and screw type choppers. Bio-metrical properties of non-chopped willows and topinambour stems were determined, and the stem chaff physical-mechanical properties such as moisture content, density, angles of natural crumble and fall were evaluated and the investigation of chaff thinness was fulfilled.

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405-413 E. Vaiciukevičius, A. Sakalauskas, E. Šarauskis, R. Domeika and V. Butkus
The cleaning of caucasian goat’s rue chaff in the combine harvester cleaner
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The cleaning of caucasian goat’s rue chaff in the combine harvester cleaner

E. Vaiciukevičius, A. Sakalauskas, E. Šarauskis, R. Domeika and V. Butkus

Department of Agricultural Machinery, Lithuanian University of Agriculture,Studentu Str. 15A, LT-53361 Kaunas r., Lithuania; e-mail: ZUM.katedra@lzuu.lt

Abstract:

Caucasian goat‘s rue (Galega orientalis L.) is perennial grass which can be harvested as green mass and as seeds. The expansion of grasses with small seeds, such as Caucasian goat‘s rue has been stopped because of unsolved problems of yield processing and seed preparation in Lithuania.Caucasian goat‘s rue grass is usually harvested in the second half of July when the grassstems are still green and comprise about 43%. The pods of Caucasian goat‘s rue grass are in the top part of the plant. When the weather is windy the small amount of the pods are broken off the stem. The pod does not open by itself. Therefore, it is very important to duly adjust the threshing apparatus of the combine harvester to thresh all the seeds from the pods. The seed cleaning from the moist chaff of the green mass in the cleaner of the combine harvester is rather problematic because of significant seed losses.The agro-engineering of Caucasian goat‘s rue grasses has been investigated since1985.The yield harvesting losses exceed the permissible limit by 2–3 times. The greatest seed losses during the harvesting occur in the cleaner of the combine harvester. Thus the cleaning of the chaff of Caucasian goat‘s rue plants is a topical and acute issue that needs thorough investigation. The main research object is the separation of Caucasian goat‘s rue grasses through the upper sieve of the combine harvester cleaner: our paper describes our test results, which.largely depend on the cleaner load, the oblique air flow rate in cascades, and the gaps between the upper sieve openings.Tests show that 1.5 kg·(s·m)-1 of Caucasian goat‘s rue chaff can be fed into a combineharvester cleaner. At the air flow rate of 5 m·s-1 approximately 62.2% of the seeds are separated through the upper sieve in openings at the beginning of the upper sieve, resulting in seed separation losses of about 5%. When Caucasian goat‘s rue chaff is cleaned, 6 mm gaps should be left in upper sieve openings.

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