Influence of the packaging material on the quality parameters of tobacco during ageing

L. Skarkova¹*, A. Smejtkova¹, D. Satrudinov² and P. Vaculik¹

¹Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
²Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Dobroljubova 160, RU 630039 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation *Correspondence: skarkova@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

Tobacco is one of the most extensively studied plant materials in the history. During its production tobacco leaf goes through many different operations from curing (drying) to ageing. Among all of them storage and ageing are very important operations. Properly stored tobacco develops its full flavour, becomes more aromatic and is ready to be sent to a customer for cigarette production. In this work changes in the quality of dried tobacco leafs during ageing (12 and 24 months) in different packaging materials are evaluated. Four samples of the FCV tobacco (Flue-Cured Virginia) grown in Northern Light Soils (NLS) region (India) were analysed. Two different liners inside of C-48 cartons – polyliner and kraft paper – were used for tobacco packaging. Quality evaluation of tobacco samples was done on the basis of analysis of chemical compo-nents (total alkaloids, reducing sugars, volatiles) and colour changing during the ageing process. Organoleptic analyses were performed as a final assessment of tobacco flavour and quality.

Key words:

The effect of cultivation methods on the yield and biological quality of potato

M. Järvan and L. Edesi

Department of Plant Sciences, Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture, Teaduse St. 13,EE75501 Saku, Estonia; e-mail: malle.jarvan@eria.ee

Abstract:

The effect of organic and conventional methods on the yield and biological quality of potato in two field crop rotations was identified. The field trials were performed in Central-Estonia in Olustvere (58º 33΄ N, 25º 34΄ E) during two years and in North-Estonia in Saku (59º 18΄ N, 24º 39΄ E) during three years. In Olustvere the following cultivation methods were compared: organic I – without manure, organic II – with cattle manure (at the rate 60 t ha-1), and conventional (manure, mineral fertilizers and pesticides were used). In organic cultivation the fertilization with manure increased the potato yield on average 36.5%. At that, the dry matter content in tubers decreased and the nitrate content increased. In conventional farming the yield was 127% higher than in the variant organic II. In organic cultivation the tubers’ content of dry matter, starch and minerals was higher than in conventional cultivation. As to the content of reducing sugars, crude protein and nitrates no significant differences were found between the cultivation methods.In Saku, the yields and biochemical composition of potato were compared in trial areasfertilized with plant compost and mineral fertilizers. Equivalent rates of NPK to both trial variants were applied during three years. With compost the yield of potato was on average 32.1% lower than with mineral fertilizers. There were no significant differences in the effect of compost and mineral fertilizers on the biological quality of potato tubers.

Key words:

crude protein, equivalent rates of NPK, minerals, nitrates, organic and conventional cultivation, reducing sugars, starch