Tag Archives: vibration

2391–2409 H. Kaletnik, I. Sevostianov, V. Bulgakov, I. Holovach, V. Melnik, Ye. Ihnatiev and J. Olt,
Development and examination of high-performance fluidised-bed vibration drier for processing food production waste
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Development and examination of high-performance fluidised-bed vibration drier for processing food production waste

H. Kaletnik¹, I. Sevostianov¹, V. Bulgakov², I. Holovach², V. Melnik³, Ye. Ihnatiev⁴ and J. Olt⁵,*

¹ Vinnytsia National Agrarian University of Ukraine, 3 Soniachna Str., UA21008 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
² National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroyiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³ Kharkiv Petro Vasylenko National Technical University of Agriculture, 44 Alchevskih Str., Kharkiv, UA61002, Ukraine
⁴ Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, 18B, Khmelnytsky Ave, UA72310 Melitopol, Zaporozhye Region,Ukraine
⁵ 5Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology, 56 Kreutzwaldi Str., EE51006 Tartu, Estonia

Abstract:

Drying and processing wet particulate food production waste, such as distillery dreg, brewer’s grains, beet pulp, spent coffee and barley slurry etc. for their further use as cattle fodder or fuel is an important and topical problem, which needs effective solutions. As a solution of the problem, the authors have developed improved equipment and a fluidised bed vibration drier, which ensures reaching the required output of the work process and final moisture content in the waste at a minimum power and material intensity and features the combination of the high feasibility with the high reliability of design. In order to validate the improved drying work process together with the optimum parameters of the vibration drier, theoretical investigations based on the mathematical model of the process developed by the authors have been carried out. The process of the vibration drier’s frame oscillating together with the waste has been examined, which has resulted in the generation of the differential equation that analytically describes the said process. The work process under consideration has been researched into from the thermophysical point of view using the specific initial data typical for the specific food producer. The research has resulted in obtaining the following design and process parameters of the vibration drier, in particular, for its heating pipes: diameter rt = 0.1 m; length lt = 5 m; number nt = 20, heat-transfer factor Kp = 30 and the final temperature of the dried food production waste to2 = 80 °C. The listed parameters provide for reaching the required final moisture content in the dried food production waste. Also, new relations have been generated for determining the principal process parameters of the improved drier (productive capacity, heat consumption, mass of heat carrier, waste conveyance speed, sizes and masses of the drier’s actuating elements). The obtained relations can be applied in the further theoretical and experimental research on the drier as well as the development of standard methods for its design and calculation.

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1165-1192 V. Bulgakov, V. Adamchuk, M. Arak and J. Olt
Theory of vibration-assisted sugar beet root lifting
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Theory of vibration-assisted sugar beet root lifting

V. Bulgakov¹, V. Adamchuk², M. Arak³ and J. Olt³⋅*

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine 15, Heroyiv Oborony Str., UK03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²National Scientific Centre, Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Electrification, 11, Vokzalna Str., Glevaкha-1, Vasylkiv District, Kiev Region, UK08631, Ukraine
³Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology, 56 Kreutzwaldi Str., EE51014 Tartu, Estonia;
*Correspondence: jyri.olt@emu.ee

Abstract:

The vibration-assisted lifting of sugar beet roots from the soil has been gaining increasingly wide use worldwide and the majority of sugar beet harvesting machinery manufacturers produce beet harvesters equipped with just such kind of lifting units. In such units the priorities are low tractive resistance, the high quality of harvesting in terms of undamaged side surfaces of beet root bodies and intact tail parts as well as the high degree of their initial cleaning from the stuck soil. However, the parameters of the oscillatory processes generated by the vibrational lifting units used on the majority of sugar beet harvesting machinery in the market have rather average values appropriate for relatively favourable harvesting conditions (soft loose soil, beet root sizes close to the average, properly lined up planting rows etc.). But when the harvesting conditions deviate from their favourable values (especially in case of dry and strong soil), the vibrating lifters start performing the digging process with significant damage to the beet roots (breaking and tearing off the tail parts), their power consumption rises excessively sharply, the unit vibration drives prove to be unreliable. The literature source analysis has shown that any sufficiently detailed, comprehensive and dependable theory of direct beet root lifting from the soil is virtually absent. Thus, the aim of this research study has been to work out such a theoretical basis for the process of vibration-assisted beet root lifting, which will allow to calculate, in accordance with the harvesting parameters, the optimal design and kinematic parameters of the process ensuring the high quality of harvesting. A new theory has been developed, which describes the process of direct vibration-assisted beet root lifting performed under the effect of the vertical disturbing force and the pulling force, imparted to the root by the lifting unit. The obtained system of differential equations has made it possible to establish the law of motion of the beet root in the process of its direct vibration-assisted lifting and perform PC-based numerical calculations, which provide the basis for determining optimal kinematic modes of operation and design parameters of vibrational lifting units subject to the condition of maintaining sugar beet roots intact when harvesting them.

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251-260 P. Tint, G. Tarmas, T. Koppel, K. Reinhold and S. Kalle
Vibration and noise caused by lawn maintenance machines in association with risk to healt
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Vibration and noise caused by lawn maintenance machines in association with risk to healt

P. Tint, G. Tarmas, T. Koppel, K. Reinhold and S. Kalle

Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate 5, EE19086 Tallinn, Estonia;

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to compare vibration and noise characteristics caused by different types of lawn maintenance machines in association with the risk factors to workers’ health. In the present study, the method connecting vibration hazard, health damages and risk levels is presented. Three types of agriculture machines were investigated: all-terrain vehicles (ATV), simple lawn-mowers, ride-on mowers. These machines are used not only in occupational settings, but also by the inhabitants for cutting grass. The gardeners and maintenance workers of the municipal authorities use them daily, sometimes 8 hours a day. The protective equipment against noise is used in occupational settings, but hardly by the public. Noise was evaluated using a Sound Level Meter (TES 1358) following the standard ISO 9612:2009. Vibration was determined as acceleration, velocity and amplitude – measured using a Vibration Dosimeter & Analyser (SV 100) following the standards ISO 2631-4, EVS-EN 5349-2. The risk to the health is assessed by the original flexible risk assessment method worked out in TTU. On the basis of this flexible model the scheme for connecting the local and whole-body vibration hazards and possible health damages was worked out. The results showed that there are differences in the noise and vibration generated by the ATV, lawn-mowers and ride-on mowers. The safest was ride-on mower (local vibration below 1.15 m (s2 ) -1). Lawnmowers gave high vibration levels (over 3 m (s2 ) -1). The personal protective equipment (PPE) has to be worn by all users of the investigated machines. The noise spectral content by these three types of machines is presented and it is different. This enables to choose the right type of ear-muffs by the frequency of noise. The PPE against vibration is also available.

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