Tag Archives: intensification

106-119 G.Z. Ibiev, O.A. Savoskina, S.I. Chebanenko, O.О. Beloshapkina and I.A. Zavertkin
Application of environmentally safe chemical reclamation on an innovative basis in Russia
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Application of environmentally safe chemical reclamation on an innovative basis in Russia

G.Z. Ibiev¹*, O.A. Savoskina², S.I. Chebanenko³, O.О. Beloshapkina³ and I.A. Zavertkin²

¹Russian state agrarian University named after K.A. Timiryazev, Institute of Economics and Management of Agro-Industrial Complex, Department of Economics, 47 Timiryazevskaya Str., RU127550 Moscow, Russia
²Russian state agrarian University named after K.A. Timiryazev, Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Agriculture and Experimental Methods, 47 Timiryazevskaya Str., RU127550 Moscow, Russia
³Russian state agrarian University named after K.A. Timiryazev, Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Plant Protection, 47 Timiryazevskaya Str., RU127550 Moscow, Russia
*Correspondence: gibiev@rgau-msha.ru

Abstract:

In the context of world food crisis, potato production and increasing its yield is an urgent topic of research. In agricultural production, one of the most basic directions of increasing production is the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers. The purpose of the study is to develop agro-methods for the use of environmentally friendly biopolymers when applying mineral fertilizers for the effective cultivation of potato and to determine production efficiency. To end this purpose, two field experiments and one control variant without the use of biopolymers were used in our study to assess the effect of Nutricharge and Growgreen preparations on the yield of Gala potato variety. To obtain reliable experimental results, several of the following requirements were considered: representativeness, accuracy, and compliance with the principle of single difference. Experiment No. 1 – treatment of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer with Nutricharge at the rate of 3 kg per 1 ha. As a result of the Nutricharge biopolymer application, the biological yield of potato increased by 83.5 c ha-1. Experiment No. 2 – treatment of mineral fertilizers with Nutricharge and Growgreen, 2.5 L ha-1. As a result of the biopolymers application, the biological yield of potato in this experiment exceeds the control data by 237.5 c ha-1. At the same time, the yield in the second experiment turned out to be higher than the yield in the first experiment by 154 c ha-1. An equally important task in conducting this study was to determine, with the help of economic assessment, the production efficiency of biopolymers application. As a result of economic analysis, we found out that the complex use of preparations allowed to reduce the cost of production of 1 ton of potato in the first experiment by 21%, in the second – by 7.7% compared with the control. Cost reduction and revenue increase in the second experiment allowed to make a profit from 1 ha of 298,020 rubles, and in the first – 221,440 rubles. The obtained research data give us reason to say that the use of biopolymers Nutricharge and Growgreen is effective and their scale should be spread throughout the entire region of the country.

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1074-1085 B. Shershenkov and E. Suchkova
Upgrading the technology of functional dairy products by means of fermentation process ultrasonic intensification
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Upgrading the technology of functional dairy products by means of fermentation process ultrasonic intensification

B. Shershenkov* and E. Suchkova

ITMO University, Institute of Refrigeration and Biotechnologies, Department of Technology of Milk and Food Biotechnology, Lomonosov str., 9, 191002, St. Petersburg, Russia; *Correspondence: boris.shershenkov@list.ru

Abstract:

Intensification of milk fermentation without negative influence on product quality is a priority research direction in dairy industry. One of the perspective tools for solving this problem is usage of ultrasound. Careful selection of ultrasonic treatment regimens allows to activate lactic-acid bacteria metabolic activity and to improve the efficiency of dairy production. A number of cultivations were carried out for ultrasonic processing effect estimation on Lactococcus mixed culture, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus symbiotic cultures that are often used for dairy fermentation. Milk with added starter culture was treated with ultrasound by means of ultrasonic homogenizer at a frequency of about 30 kHz. Processing duration varied from 1 to 3 minutes and ultrasound power varied from 2 to 8 W. Ultrasonication regimens of fermenting milk allowed accelerating of fermentative process by 10% and improving the quality of final product.

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153–164 S. Plantureux, A. Peeters and D. McCracken
Biodiversity in intensive grasslands: Effect of management, improvement and challenges
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Biodiversity in intensive grasslands: Effect of management, improvement and challenges

S. Plantureux¹, A. Peeters² and D. McCracken³

¹UMR INPL(ENSAIA)-INRA Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, 2 av. de la Foret de Haye, 54500 Vandoeuvre, France
²Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Prairies, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud, 5 bte 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique
³Land Economy Research Group, Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, United Kingdom

Abstract:

Intensified grasslands are usually the dominant type of grassland in many countries in Europe but are generally of poor ecological value. Several management factors may affect biodiversity of these grasslands including fertilisation, grazing and cutting management. Their effects on grassland biodiversity are described in this paper. In most cases, intensive and profitable grass production from semi-natural grasslands appears to be incompatible with maintaining a high level of biodiversity. Two key questions then arise: how to restore biodiversity in intensive grasslands while limiting the technical and economical consequences? How to choose the target species on an objective basis? Some solutions are considered in the paper but it is suggested that 1) new tools (i.e. indicators) are required to evaluate the functions of biodiversity and to achieve biodiversity restoration goals and 2) in the short-term the research priority is to understand and predict biodiversity at the field and farm-scale.

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