Volume 22 (2024)
  Special Issue III

Full text of the journal: Volume 22 Special Issue 3

Contents

Pages
1380–1404 E.C. Agbangba, F. Yalinkpon, E.L. Sossa, E. Ehnon Gongnet and R. Glèlè Kakaï
A simulation study on the comparison of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Modified-DRIS (M-DRIS), and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) for pineapple nutrient diagnosis
Abstract |
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A simulation study on the comparison of Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Modified-DRIS (M-DRIS), and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) for pineapple nutrient diagnosis

E.C. Agbangba¹²*, F. Yalinkpon¹, E.L. Sossa³, E. Ehnon Gongnet¹ and R. Glèlè Kakaï¹

¹Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières (LABEF), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 1525, Cotonou, Bénin
²Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée (LaRBA), Département de Génie de l’Environnement, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 2009 Cotonou, Bénin
³Laboratoire d’Enseignement des Sciences et Techniques de Production Végétale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 03 BP 2819 RP. Cotonou, Bénin
*Correspondence: agbangbacodjoemile@gmail.com

Abstract:

Foliar diagnostic helps assess plant nutritional status and drives appropriate fertilizer recommendations to enhance quality and productivity of plants. Several foliar diagnostic methods are used but the literature is not sufficiently documented regarding the comparison of these methods using a varied range of comparison criteria. This study compared DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System), M-DRIS (Modified-DRIS), and CND (Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis) in diagnosing pineapple leaf nutrient levels with varying sample sizes. Empirical data from a subtractive experiment was used to simulate and constitute a new database considering that nutrient contents were normally distributed. For each sample size, data were generated per treatment and replicated 3,000 times. DRIS, M-DRIS, and CND indices were computed from the simulated data for each nutrient. The methods were subsequently evaluated based on four criteria: (i) the Diagnosis Concordance Frequency, which assesses the consistency of diagnoses across different methods for determining nutritional indices; (ii) the sensitivity, or True Positive Rate, which gauges a model’s ability to accurately identify a specific nutritional status when it is present; (iii) the precision, or Positive Predictive Value, which indicates the proportion of correctly identified diagnoses for a particular nutritional status relative to the total number of diagnoses made for that status; and (iv) the accuracy, which measures the closeness of the model’s results to the true value. As results, we found that N, P, and K nutrient indices differed significantly between DRIS, M-DRIS, and CND models and with sample size. The nutritional diagnosis methods were also discordant, except DRIS versus M-DRIS (mean agreement = 66%). Compared to DRIS, and M-DRIS models, CND appeared to be the most sensitive and accurate model (average accuracy of 27.86%) for nutrient deficiency and excess diagnosis. The models’ accuracy varies with the sample size, but it becomes almost unchangeable from a sample size of 330. For all sample sizes, the CND model was more accurate and efficient for N, P, and K nutrient status diagnosis, compared to DRIS and M-DRIS models.

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1405–1420 E.B. Andrade, F.A. Teixeira, D.D. Fries, N.T. Cruz, R.R. Jardim, H.S. da Silva, B.E.F. dos Santos, T.M. Vieira, A.A. Seixas and J.P. dos Santos
Exogenous phytohormones and growth-promoting microorganisms in Basilisk grass cultivation
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Exogenous phytohormones and growth-promoting microorganisms in Basilisk grass cultivation

E.B. Andrade¹*, F.A. Teixeira², D.D. Fries³, N.T. Cruz⁴, R.R. Jardim¹, H.S. da Silva¹, B.E.F. dos Santos¹, T.M. Vieira¹, A.A. Seixas¹ and J.P. dos Santos¹

¹State University of Southwest Bahia, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science,
BA 415 Highway, 45700-000, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
²State University of Southwest Bahia, Department of Rural and Animal Technology,
BA 415 Highway, 45700-000, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
³State University of Southwest Bahia Department of Exact and Natural Sciences,
BA 415 Highway, 45700-000, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
⁴Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Center for Agrarian, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rui Barbosa Str., 170, 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
*Correspondence: elienezoo@gmail.com

Abstract:

The use of plant growth-promoting bio-inputs has been widely disseminated as a means to optimise pasture production processes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of applying exogenous phytohormones along with different microorganisms on the productive characteristics of Basilisk grass (Urochloa decumbens). The experiment was conducted in a 4×2 factorial design, in a completely randomised layout, evaluating four microorganism inoculations (no inoculation; Azospirillum brasilense + Pseudomonas fluorescens; Rhizophagus intraradices; A. brasilense + P. fluorescens + R. intraradices), combined or not with an exogenous phytohormone based on cytokinin, gibberellin and auxin. The results showed that inoculation with plant growth-promoting microorganisms stimulated an increase in root volume. In addition, the presence of the microorganisms increased the concentration of chlorophyll pigments, resulting in a 14% increase in the crude protein content of Basilisk grass compared with the control. The use of exogenous phytohormones also resulted in higher concentrations of total chlorophyll pigments and crude protein content, with increase in 25% and 9.7% respectively. The combined use of bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, along with exogenous phytohormones, increased the accumulation of forage mass and leaf biomass. The combination enhanced carbohydrate accumulation in the leaves of Basilisk grass, thereby improving its nutritional quality. Therefore, considering the evidence found in this research, it becomes evident that the application of exogenous phytohormones, when combined with the inoculation of A. brasilense, P. fluorescens, and R. intraradices, represents a strategy to enhance the productivity of Basilisk grass.

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1421–1433 S.B. Ferreira, B.H. Gomes, O.T. Hamawaki, P.A.S. Dias, C.D.L. Hamawaki, R.L. Hamawaki and A.P.O. Nogueira
Diallel and generation analysis in F2 soybean populations
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Diallel and generation analysis in F2 soybean populations

S.B. Ferreira¹*, B.H. Gomes¹, O.T. Hamawaki², P.A.S. Dias³, C.D.L. Hamawaki², R.L. Hamawaki² and A.P.O. Nogueira¹

¹Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, CEP 38405-320, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
²Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, CEP 38410-337, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
³Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Urutaí, Núcleo de Agronomia, CEP 75790-000, Urutaí, GO, Brasil
*Correspondence: ferreirasb@ hotmail.com

Abstract:

The present study aimed to obtain estimates of the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities of three soybean parents by means of the half table balanced diallel and to estimate genetic parameters of agronomic traits in F2 populations. The experiment was organized in complete randomized blocks with ten replications. The plants obtained from the combinations between the parents UFU 510, UFUS 7415 and MG/BR 46 Conquista were individually evaluated for thirteen agronomic traits. The results indicated that the parent UFUS 7415 had the highest and most positive GCA values for the production components. The best cross was UFU 510 × UFUS 7415, with the highest number of total pods and grain production. The three combinations showed a high coefficient of heritability for the number of productive nodes. At the crossing UFU 510 × UFUS 7415, greater selection gains and higher averages were observed for the number of pods with one, two and three grains and the number of total pods.

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1434–1445 N. Gunaeni, W. Setiawati, A. Muharam, A.K. Karjadi, R. Murtiningsih, T.K. Moekasan, E. Korlina, A. Hasyim, I.R. Saadah, I. Sulastrini, E. Diningsih and B.K. Udiarto
Intercropping insect repellent plants (irps): a promising strategy for sustainable pest management
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Intercropping insect repellent plants (irps): a promising strategy for sustainable pest management

N. Gunaeni, W. Setiawati*, A. Muharam, A.K. Karjadi, R. Murtiningsih, T.K. Moekasan, E. Korlina, A. Hasyim, I.R. Saadah, I. Sulastrini, E. Diningsih and B.K. Udiarto

National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Horticulture, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, ID16915 Bogor, Indonesia
*Correspondence: wiwi024@brin.go.id

Abstract:

In current intensive crop production, the utilization of natural biological control in pest management is not fully maximized, resulting in a significant dependency on the application of insecticides. Insect-repellent plants (IRPs) have become a prominent subject of research and a widely implemented strategy for reducing both pest damage and reliance on chemical insecticides. In this study, intercropping three IRP species, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.; Apiaceae), celery (Apium graveolens L.; Apiaceae), and bunching onion (Allium fistulosum l.; Amaryllidaceae), in two intercropping systems were assessed for controlling insect pests in chilli pepper. The research was carried out in the experimental field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVegRI) in 2022. The results revealed that intercropping systems of chilli pepper with coriander, celery, and bunching onion significantly reduced plant damage over sole crops. Among the various intercrop combinations, chili pepper intercropped with coriander resulted in the lowest damage of three major pest species on chili pepper, Thrips parvispinus (51.77%), Helicoverpa armigera (47.67%), and Bactrocera dorsalis (40.35%). Furthermore, this effect enhanced the productivity of chili pepper yield (43.27%).

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1446–1459 J.C. Jiménez-Galindo, G. Castellanos Pérez, M. De. La. Fuente, R.A. Malvar, N. Ramírez-Cabral and D. Padilla Chacón
Does the level of resistance to Acanthoscelides obtectus of bean genotypes (Phaseolus spp.) change according to the seed production environment?
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Does the level of resistance to Acanthoscelides obtectus of bean genotypes (Phaseolus spp.) change according to the seed production environment?

J.C. Jiménez-Galindo¹*, G. Castellanos Pérez², M. De. La. Fuente³, R.A. Malvar³, N. Ramírez-Cabral⁴ and D. Padilla Chacón⁵

¹National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research, Bean Genetics and Breeding Group, Av. Hidalgo No 1213, MX31500 Cuauhtémoc, México
²Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Agrotechnological Sciences Faculty, V. Carranza y Escorza s/n, MX31000 Chihuahua, México
³Biological Mission of Galicia, Maize Genetics and Breeding Group, Department of Plant Production, Carballeira 8, ES36143 Pontevedra, Spain
⁴National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research, Agrometeorology and Modeling Group, Zacatecas-Fresnillo road Km. 24.5, MX98500 Calera de Victor Rosales, México
⁵Postgraduate College, CONAHCyT Postgraduate Program in Botany, Mexico-Texcoco road, km 36.5, MX56264 Montecillo, Mexico
*Correspondence: jimenez.cruz@inifap.gob.mx; cruz2477@yahoo.com.mx

Abstract:

Bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus) cause considerable losses in warehouses in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Phaseolus acutifolius varieties could be used for genetic studies and genetic improvement of common beans. Tepary bean varieties resistance was studied produced with irrigation and under drought conditions to A. obtectus. Previously, we studied A. obtectus colony from Spain with some of these bean varieties. In the present research, we studied a different A. obtectus colony from México. The varieties T-amarillo, PS-AZH-15 and T-cafe beans showed a lower ovopositation. T-amarillo, T-negro and T-cafe increased the duration of the insect biological cycle. In the varieties T-cafe, T-negro and T-amarillo increased larvae mortality before burrowing the seed in percent and reduced the number of first generation adults. Little grain weight loss is caused by small number of emerged adults, in the varieties T-amarillo, PS-AZH-15, T-cafe and T-negro. According with adult’s number of first generation and grain weight loss in percent T-amarillo showed resistance and tolerance to A. obtectus infestation and it could be used as source of resistance for P. vulgaris breeding. No significant differences were found according to the seed production environment for any traits studied except for initial seed weight. Resistant varieties maintain their lethality regardless of the seed production environment. Probably A. obtectus is genetically different according to the area and is adapted to the varieties produced in each country or region.

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1460–1484 H.U. Qureshi, I. Abbas, S.M. H. Shah, Z.U. Qureshi, E.H.H. Al-Qadami, Z. Mustaffa and F.Y. Teo
Adapting agriculture to climate shifts: managing crop water needs for environmental resilience in Sindh, Pakistan
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Adapting agriculture to climate shifts: managing crop water needs for environmental resilience in Sindh, Pakistan

H.U. Qureshi¹*, I. Abbas², S.M. H. Shah³, Z.U. Qureshi⁴, E.H.H. Al-Qadami⁵, Z. Mustaffa⁶ and F.Y. Teo⁷*

¹Associated Consulting Engineers (ACE) Limited, D-288, KDA Scheme No.1, Stadium Road, PAK75350 Karachi, Pakistan
²Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Department of Civil Engineering, Main University Road, PAK75300 Karachi, Pakistan
³Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, SA31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
⁴NED University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, University Road, PAK75270 Karachi, Pakistan
⁵Eco Hydrology Technology Research Centre (Eco-Hytech), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, MY86400 Parit Raja, Malaysia
⁶Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, MY32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
⁷Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, MY43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia”
*Correspondence:harisuddinq@gmail.com; fangyenn.teo@nottingham.edu.my

Abstract:

Sindh is an important hub for the agricultural production in Pakistan. Therefore, this study was aimed to model the air temperature trend in Sindh and its impacts on the seasonal water requirement for Rice, Wheat, and Sugarcane under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. In this study, RegCM4 with GFDL-ESM2M was used and the bias correction of RegCM4 simulations was done using Quantile Mapping. As per the analysis, the average annual temperature over the study area may rise by about 1.2 to 1.8 °C and 2.8 to 3.3 °C under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Seasonally, warming is expected to be higher in spring and winter seasons, whereas, diurnally, the daytime temperature may increase by about 1.2 to 1.7 °C and 2.6 to 3.2 °C, while the nighttime temperature may rise by about 1.4 to 2.7 °C and 3.0 to 3.5 °C under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Consequentially, the seasonal water requirement for Rice in Sindh may increase by about 50–100 mm and 100–200 mm under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. For Wheat, the water requirement may rise by about 60 mm and 100 mm, whereas for Sugarcane, it may soar by about 100–150 mm and 150–200 mm under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Conclusively, the rising crop water consumption may cause increased irrigation requirements, low crop water productivity and yield, and rising local water disputes thereby endangering the crop production and water security in the province.

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1485–1503 N.F. Rodrigues, S.R.L. Tavares, F.C. Silva, C.M. Hüther G.M. Corrêa, J.R. Oliveira, L.S. Hamacher and E.P. Clemente
Management alternatives for sandy soils to overcome edaphic limitations in irrigated okra cultivation
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Management alternatives for sandy soils to overcome edaphic limitations in irrigated okra cultivation

N.F. Rodrigues¹*, S.R.L. Tavares², F.C. Silva³, C.M. Hüther³ G.M. Corrêa⁴, J.R. Oliveira⁴, L.S. Hamacher³ and E.P. Clemente⁵

¹Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Posgraduate Program in Agronomy, Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, Brazil
²Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Soils, Rua Jardim Botânico, 1024 - Jardim Botânico, 22460-000 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
³Federal Fluminense University, School of Engineering, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rua Passo da Pátria, 156 - São Domingos, 24210-240 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
⁴Federal Fluminense University, Postgraduate Program in Biosystems Engineering, Rua Passo da Pátria, 156 - São Domingos, 24210-240 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
⁵Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Rodovia MG 424, Km 45, 35701-970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
*Correspondence: rodriguesnataliafe@gmail.com

Abstract:

Sandy soils are often unsuitable for agriculture due to their poor physical and chemical properties. However, using conditioners can improve these parameters, making these soils viable for cultivation. This study evaluated Red-Yellow Argisol (Clay), Biochar, and Ceramic residues as soil conditioners for Planosol. The experiments were conducted in pots in a greenhouse and the experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and five replications, compared to a control (100% P). Treatments included Clay (50% P + 570.6 t ha-1 A), Biochar (50% P + 189.9 t ha-1 B), and Ceramic (50% P + 459.9 t ha-1 C). Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) was used to assess the impact on development and productivity over 90 days from transplanting (DAT). Granulometry of conditioners, and the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and ash content were analyzed. For constructed soils, granulometry, bulk density, particle density, and water retention capacity (CRA) were measured before planting. Chemical parameters, including Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, Al³⁺, H⁺, pH, and others, were measured at 0 and 90 DAT. Okra growth parameters, such as height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll a fluorescence dry biomass and leaf nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) were assessed at 90 DAT. Results indicated that conditioners improved the physical and chemical properties of the Planosol and the physiological parameters of okra. Biochar increased phosphorus and potassium, while Clay enhanced nitrogen and sodium for okra cultivation.

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1504–1516 N.A. da Silva, D. Cecchin, C.A.A. Rocha, R.D. Toledo Filho, J. Pessin, G. Rossi, G. Bambi, L. Conti and P.F.P. Ferraz
Influence of coconut fiber incorporation on the mechanical behavior of adobe blocks
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Influence of coconut fiber incorporation on the mechanical behavior of adobe blocks

N.A. da Silva¹², D. Cecchin¹*, C.A.A. Rocha¹, R.D. Toledo Filho², J. Pessin¹, G. Rossi³, G. Bambi³, L. Conti³ and P.F.P. Ferraz⁴

¹Federal Fluminense University - UFF, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering; Rua Passo da Pátria, 156, PO Box 21065-230, Niterói, Brazil
²Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Civil Engineering Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
³University of Firenze, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Via San Bonaventura 13, IT50145 Firenze, Italy
⁴UFLA - Federal University of Lavras, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Campus Universitário, PO Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
*Correspondence: daianececchin@id.uff.br

Abstract:

Adobe is an ancient construction technique, simple and low cost, still used in some parts of the world, mainly in rural areas. Normally, in these regions, a considerable amount of agricultural waste is generated that can be used for different purposes. An agricultural waste that has been increasingly studied in the construction sector is natural fibers. The addition of natural fibers in the soil matrix has been gaining prominence as it is a natural and easily accessible stabilizer. This work aimed to analyze and characterize adobe blocks reinforced with coconut fibers, with the addition of 1% and 2% compared to the reference block (without the addition of coconut fiber) through capillary absorption, fiber-soil adhesion, durability in the presence of water and mechanical, properties through of compression bending tests. The adobe blocks with the addition of fibers showed mechanical results above those required by the standard NBR 16814. The addition of fibers promoted higher capillary absorption results than the samples consisting only of soil and when exposed to drip erosion, no significant damage was observed in the adobe structure.

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1517–1530 A.H.N. Tamsin, R. Nurfalah, Trivadila, I. Batubara, M. Rafi, T. Ridwan, S.A. Aziz, and H. Takemori
Metabolite profiling, terpenoid and kaurenoic acid production of Adenostemma platyphyllum at different concentrations of hydroponic solutions in the wick system
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Metabolite profiling, terpenoid and kaurenoic acid production of Adenostemma platyphyllum at different concentrations of hydroponic solutions in the wick system

A.H.N. Tamsin¹, R. Nurfalah¹, Trivadila², I. Batubara²³*, M. Rafi²³, T. Ridwan³, S.A. Aziz³⁴, and H. Takemori⁵

¹IPB University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Departement of Chemistry, ID16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
²IPB University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Graduate Program of Chemistry, ID16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
³IPB University, Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, 16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
⁴IPB University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, ID16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
⁵Gifu University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, JP501-1193, Gifu, Japan
*Correspondence: ime@apps.ipb.ac.id

Abstract:

Adenostemma platyphyllum, a medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, has gained increasing attention due to its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with diverse therapeutic properties but has not been widely cultivated. This work aims to obtain the optimum concentration of AB-mix solution to produce higher terpenoid and kaurenoic acid, as well as metabolite profiling in cultivating A. platyphyllum using a hydroponic wick system. This research uses a one-factor randomized block design of different concentrations of AB-mix nutrient solutions. Total terpenoids were quantified using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method, total kaurenoic acid was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and the metabolite profiling was analyzed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instrument. Several terpenoid compounds have been identified in A. platyphyllum, including Ent-17-Oxo-15-kauren-19-oic acid, andrographolide, cafestol, alpha-Farnesene, curcumene, as well as ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (11αOH-KA) and 11α,15-dihydroxy-16-kauren-19-oic acid (11α,15OH-KA), which belong to the kaurenoic acid group. The plants had the highest total terpenoid and kaurenoic acid found in 1,300 mg L-1 nutrient concentrations. On the other hand, the highest terpenoid and kaurenoic acid productivity were found in plants with 900 and 1,300 mg L-1 AB-mix solution, respectively. Therefore, the optimum concentration of nutrient solution to produce optimum terpenoid and kaurenoic acid levels in A. platyphyllum cultivation by hydroponic wick system was 1,300 mg L-1.

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1531–1542 E. Widiastuti, D. Febrianti, H.I. Wahyuni, T. Yudiarti, I. Agusetyaningsih, R. Murwani, T.A. Sartono and S. Sugiharto
Effect of fermented purple sweet potato flour on physiological conditions and intestinal conditions of broiler chickens
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Effect of fermented purple sweet potato flour on physiological conditions and intestinal conditions of broiler chickens

E. Widiastuti, D. Febrianti, H.I. Wahyuni, T. Yudiarti, I. Agusetyaningsih, R. Murwani, T.A. Sartono and S. Sugiharto*

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
*Correspondence: sgh_undip@yahoo.co.id

Abstract:

The study investigated the effect of fermented purple sweet potato flour (PSPF) on intestinal and physiological health of broilers. A 189-day-old broiler chicks were divided into T0 (diet based on corn and soybean meal), T1 (diet containing 15% unfermented PSPF), and T2 (diet containing 15% fermented PSPF). Samples collection and measurement were conducted at day 35. The T2 chicks had greater (p < 0.05) weight gain than T1, but did not differ from T0. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (p < 0.05) in T2 than in T1. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were higher (P < 0.05) in T2 than in T0 and T1 groups. Haemoglobin tended (p = 0.08) to be lower in in T2 than in T0 and T1 groups. Heterophils were higher (p = 0.05) in T2 than in T0 and T1 groups. Total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were higher (p < 0.05) in T0 than in T1. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) tended (p = 0.06) to be lower in T1 than that in T0. Total protein and globulin were higher (p < 0.05) in T0 than that in T1 and T2. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to coliform ratio in the ileum was higher (p < 0.05) in T2 than in T0. LAB counts tended (p = 0.08) to be greater in T2 than in other chickens. T1 tended (p = 0.09) to have a smaller number of lactose negative Enterobacteriaceae (LNE) in caecum as compared to that of T0 chicks. T2 tended (p = 0.09) to have a lower crypt depth than T0. In conclusion, feeding fermented purple sweet potato flour contributes for the better growth, feed conversion, immune defence, bacterial population and morphology of the small intestine.

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