Tag Archives: adaptation

xxx D.C. Santos, A.J.V. Pires, A.S. Ribeiro, W.R. Andrade, M.S. Nogueira, I.C. Dutra, G.R.S. Oliveira, M.P. Sousa, W.B.S. Santos, T.R. Paixão, H.S. Silva and S.S. Amorim
Forage potential of six sugarcane cultivars for feeding ruminants
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Forage potential of six sugarcane cultivars for feeding ruminants

D.C. Santos*, A.J.V. Pires, A.S. Ribeiro, W.R. Andrade, M.S. Nogueira, I.C. Dutra, G.R.S. Oliveira, M.P. Sousa, W.B.S. Santos, T.R. Paixão, H.S. Silva and S.S. Amorim

State University of Southwest of Bahia, BR45700-000 Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
*Correspondence: amanda.s.ri@hotmail.com

Abstract:

The study evaluated the productive, morphometric, and bromatological characteristics of six sugarcane cultivars (Regional, RB 865536, RB 867515, CTC2, CTC9001, and CTC9004M). The experiment began at UESB and continued at Fazenda Bela Vista, with evaluations conducted 3 to 18 months after planting. A randomized complete block design was used, with six cultivars per cultivar and four replicates. The cultivar CTC2 presented higher levels of lignin and indigestible neutral detergent fiber, while RB 865536 stood out for its hemicellulose content. The average contents of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and corrected neutral detergent fiber did not differ between cultivars, but there was variation in carbohydrate fractions. CTC9001 presented the highest value for fraction A (68.6%), while cultivar Regional and CTC9004M stood out in fraction B1+B2, and CTC2 and CTC9004M in fractions B3 and C, respectively. In the productive characteristics, CTC9004M presented the highest values of natural matter, dry matter, soluble carbohydrates, production and juice efficiency, standing out in yield. Regarding morphometric characteristics, CTC9001 showed advantages in leaf length and diameter, stem diameter, and leaf area, although there were no significant differences in plant height, tiller number, or leaf number. The cultivars have similar chemical and bromatological composition, agronomic characteristics, and growth behavior. CTC9004M demonstrated superior production efficiency, making it the most suitable option for forage use in semiarid conditions. Future studies should evaluate animal performance directly using these cultivars in feeding trials.

Key words:

adaptation, agriculture, Composition, productivity, semi-arid regions

xxx T. Kyrpa, A. Potrokhov, M. Kharkhota and M. Kuchuk
Detection of changes in the defence factors of Nicotiana Tabacum plant under the influence of insertion and expression of heterologous transgenes (desA, desC, HuINFα-2b)
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Detection of changes in the defence factors of Nicotiana Tabacum plant under the influence of insertion and expression of heterologous transgenes (desA, desC, HuINFα-2b)

T. Kyrpa¹*, A. Potrokhov¹, M. Kharkhota² and M. Kuchuk¹

¹Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering of NAS of Ukraine, Academika Zabolotnoho Str.148, UA03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Institute of Microbiology and Virology named after D.K. Zabolotny, Str. Academika Zabolotnoho, 154, UA03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: t-kirpa@ukr.net

Abstract:

Genetically modified plants may have some changes in physiological and biochemical reactions depending on the type of transgene. In this study, we present the results of the analysis of tobacco plants with the insertion and expression of the genes for human interferon alpha (HuINFα-2b), Δ12-acyl-lipid desaturase (desA of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803) and Δ9-acyl-lipid desaturase (desC of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus vulcanus). Wild-type tobacco plants were used as a control. The level of accumulation of polyfructans and changes in the fatty acid spectrum in the leaves of plants under normal physiological conditions and after exposure to low temperatures were tested. It was found that all transgenic plants had some changes in the composition of fatty acids, however, only plants with the HuINFα-2b gene insertion had an increased content of polyfructans. These data may indirectly indicate a difference in the two defense strategies of the plant organism depending on the insertion and expression of the transferred gene.

Key words:

abiotic stress, acyl-lipid desaturases, adaptation, fatty acids, polyfructans

306-319 S.R. Karimuna, W. Sulistiono, Taryono, T. Alam and A. Wahab
Agronomic traits determinants of superior varieties and millable cane productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) on dryland, Indonesia
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Agronomic traits determinants of superior varieties and millable cane productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) on dryland, Indonesia

S.R. Karimuna¹, W. Sulistiono²*, Taryono³, T. Alam³ and A. Wahab⁴

¹Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
²Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Cibinong Science Center,
Co-Working-Space (CWS) Sukolilo Surabaya
³Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Agriculture, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur-Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
⁴Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Central Sulawesi,
Palu-Kulawi street, No. km 17, Maku, Dolo-94362 Sigi, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: tionojanah@gmail.com

Abstract:

Indonesia is one of the sugar-producing countries in the world, with most of the planting area shifted to dryland, sub-optimal. During the development of production, it is necessary to select varieties that are suitable for dryland. This study aimed to determine the adaptation of superior sugarcane varieties on dryland. This study used a split-plot under repeated Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Six superior sugarcane varieties used in this research were Saccharum ‘CMG Agribun ’, Saccharum ‘AAS Agribun’, Saccharum ʻASA Agribunʼ, Saccharum ʻAMS Agribunʻ, Saccharum ʻPS864ʼ and Saccharum ‘Bululawang’. The variables observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of segments, and number of tillers at the age of 13, 15, and 17 WAP (weeks after planting). The results showed that growth parameters, namely plant height at 13 and 15 WAP, number of tillers at 15 and 17 WAP, and stem diameter at 13 and 15 WAP, showed better growth, indicating superior agronomic properties of a sugarcane variety on dryland. Saccharum ‘AMS Agribun’ and Saccharum ‘Bululawang’ varieties, stem diameter, increased with spacing treatment at the early growth of 17 weeks after planting. The Saccharum ‘PS864’ was the best, having the highest average of agronomic values compared to other varieties. The Saccharum ‘PS864’ had the highest plant height and number of internodes. The highest number of tillers was obtained in the Saccharum ‘AAS Agribun’ varieties.

Key words:

adaptation, dryland, sugarcane, superior varieties

376-396 P.H. Sinaga, Elfiani, R. Yusuf, Nurhayati, R. Yunita, D.W. Utami and S.S. Girsang
Resistance of local rice progeny to ferrous iron toxicity between locations, seasons, and salt application in tidal lands
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Resistance of local rice progeny to ferrous iron toxicity between locations, seasons, and salt application in tidal lands

P.H. Sinaga¹*, Elfiani², R. Yusuf¹, Nurhayati¹, R. Yunita³, D.W. Utami³ and S.S. Girsang¹

¹National Research and Innovation Agency, Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor Regency 16915, Indonesia
²The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Riau, Jl. Kaharudin Nasution No. 341 Pekanbaru, Indonesia
³National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Horticulture and Estate Crops. Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor Regency 16915, Indonesia
*Correspondence; parlinhs2013@gmail.com

Abstract:

Rice is the main food in Indonesia that grows in various agroecosystems. The challenge is ferrous iron toxicity (FIT), wherein adaptive varieties with high yield potential be required to support increased production. The study objectives were to produce tolerant and widely adapted lines of FIT from local parents, to determine the stability of the lines in various environments and seasons in FIT rice fields, and to determine the response of rice lines to salt application. Two local Fe-tolerant parents that is Cekau and Karya, were used as females to produce lines that were tested for FIT. High-yielding lines and early maturity were selected to represent tolerant, quite tolerant, and moderate to FIT. The research was designed according to a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Most of the local cultivar descent were resistant to FIT and stable at various locations and seasons. There was an interaction between the lines and the environment in the multilocation test, but in the high-Fe field test, there was no interaction between the lines and the season. Sensitive lines gave higher yields in the dry season than in the rainy season, but the tolerant lines are not affected by the seasons. The long dry season followed by high rainfall caused the accumulation of Fe on the soil surface to increase followed by a decrease in yields of moderate and sensitive lines. The addition of 200 kg ha^-1 of salt increased the productivity of tolerant, quite tolerant, and moderate lines by improving root quality.

Key words:

adaptation, climate, high-yielding variety, Indonesia, production