Tag Archives: Antioxidant

1134-1150 Y. Sapsuha, E. Suprijatna, S. Kismiati and S. Sugiharto
Possibility of using nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans houtt) extract in broiler diet to improve intestinal morphology, bacterial population, blood profile and antioxidant status of broilers under high-density condition
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Possibility of using nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans houtt) extract in broiler diet to improve intestinal morphology, bacterial population, blood profile and antioxidant status of broilers under high-density condition

Y. Sapsuha¹, E. Suprijatna², S. Kismiati² and S. Sugiharto²*

¹Universitas Khairun, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia
²Universitas Diponegoro, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
*Correspondence: sgh_undip@yahoo.co.id

Abstract:

This study investigated the impact of nutmeg flesh extract on intestinal morphology, bacterial population, blood profile and antioxidant status of broiler chickens stocked at high density pens. After 15 days of rearing, 370 Lohmann broiler chicks (unsexed) were assigned to five treatment groups based on a completely randomized design, including T0 (chicks were raised at a density of 10 birds m^-2 and received no nutmeg flesh extract), T1 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds m^-2 and received no nutmeg flesh extract), T2 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds m^-2 and received 0.5 mL kg^-1 nutmeg flesh extract), T3 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds m^-2 and received 1.0 mL kg^-1 nutmeg flesh extract), and T4 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds m^-2 and received 1.5 mL kg^-1 nutmeg flesh extract). Sampling was conducted on day 35 of age. The results showed that the administration of nutmeg flesh extract (regardless of its levels) to broilers diets at high density (16 birds m^-2) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the performance, villi height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, decreased pH in the ileum and cecum, increased lactic acid bacteria and decreased coliform bacteria in the ileum and cecum, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the blood profile of broiler chickens. The findings demonstrated that nutmeg flesh extract improved performance, intestinal bacterial population and morphology and antioxidative status of broilers raised under high density condition.

Key words:

Antioxidant, broilers, intestinal bacterial population, intestinal morphology, nutmeg flesh extract

57–73 C.G. Comar, M. dos S. Queiroz, M.M. de Andrade, J.R. Trettel and H.M. Magalhães
Copper modulates the biochemical and enzymatic activity and growth of tomato cultivars grown in vitro
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Copper modulates the biochemical and enzymatic activity and growth of tomato cultivars grown in vitro

C.G. Comar¹, M. dos S. Queiroz², M.M. de Andrade², J.R. Trettel¹ and H.M. Magalhães¹*

¹Paranaense University – UNIPAR, Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, 87502-210, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
²Paranaense University – UNIPAR, Agronomy, 87502-210, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
*Correspondence: helidamara@prof.unipar.br

Abstract:

Copper (Cu) is a micronutrient that is neglected for tomato growth. This study sought to identify the effects of exposure to Cu on the growth and biochemical activity of two tomato cultivars. Tomato seeds of ‘Carolina’ and ‘Cereja’ cultivars were disinfected and inoculated in MS medium plus copper sulfate concentrations (CuSO₄) (default MS, 25, 50, and 100 μm) and had their growth monitored for 30 days. It was estimated that the growth and biomass accumulation of tomato plants ‘Carolina’ and ‘Cereja’, both from the aerial part and the roots, were benefited by 25 e 50 μm of CuSO₄. However, it was observed that these concentrations were inefficient in controlling hyperhydricity and leaf deformation. There was a reduction of these phenomena in the treatment with 100 μm, in both cultivars. Tomato of ‘Carolina’ cultivar subjected to 100 μm showed an increase in anthocyanins and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the root system. There was a reduction of catalase (CAT) activity in shoots exposed to Cu. ‘Cereja’ tomatoes subjected to 100 μm showed an increase in CAT and SOD activity in shoots and roots, respectively. It was concluded that the ‘Carolina’ and ‘Cereja’ tomatoes have their growth impaired when exposed to 100 μm CuSO₄. Concentrations higher than 50 μm of CuSO₄ cause an increase in the antioxidant activity in the shoot of tomato plants from the ‘Carolina’ cultivar. Concentrations higher than 50 μm CuSO₄ increase SOD activity in the root system of tomato plants from the ‘Cereja’ cultivar.

Key words:

anthocyanins, Antioxidant, hyperhydricity, SOD, Solanum lycopersicum L.

1361–1371 Z. Kruma, L. Tomsone, R. Galoburda, E. Straumite, A. Kronberga and M. Åssveen
Total phenols and antioxidant capacity of hull-less barley and hull-less oats
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Total phenols and antioxidant capacity of hull-less barley and hull-less oats

Z. Kruma¹*, L. Tomsone¹, R. Galoburda¹, E. Straumite¹, A. Kronberga² and M. Åssveen³

¹Latvia University of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology, Rigas iela 22, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
²Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Zinatnes iela 2, LV-4126 Priekuli, Latvia
³Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Fredrik A. St. Dahls 20, 1432 Ås, Norway
*Correspondence: zanda.kruma@llu.lv

Abstract:

Grain products are the main source of carbohydrates but they also contain other bioactive substances such as phenolic compounds. Content of phenolic compounds differ among cereal types, varieties, and farming methods. The aim of the current study was to assess total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity in different oats and barley varieties compared to hulled ones. In the experiment hull-less varieties / lines were analysed: three barley (line ‘GN 03386’, from Norway and ‘Kornelija’, ‘Irbe’ from Latvia) and three oats varieties (‘Bikini’, ‘Nudist’, from Norway and ‘Stendes Emilija,’ from Latvia). One hulled variety of barley and oats from each country was included in the experiment for comparison. For the isolation of phenolic compounds ultrasound assisted extraction was used. For all extracts the total phenol content and DPPH, ABTS+ radical scavenging activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Overall, the highest content of total phenols was detected in hull-less barley samples. The barley variety with the highest content was line ‘GN 03386,’ followed by varieties ‘Kornelija’, ‘Irbe,’ and hulled Norwegian barley variety ‘Tyra’. High DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity was recorded in barley line ‘GN 03386’. Generally, there was strong correlation between total phenol content and ABTS˙+radical scavenging activity and moderate correlation between total phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, the barley varieties had generally higher content of bioactive substances than oats and the barley line ‘GN 03386’ seems to be one of the best.

Key words:

Antioxidant, hull-less barley, hull-less oats, total phenols

407-416 K. Sirviö,, S. Niemi, V. Vauhkonen and E. Hiltunen
Antioxidant studies for animal-based fat methyl ester
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Antioxidant studies for animal-based fat methyl ester

K. Sirviö¹,*, S. Niemi¹, V. Vauhkonen² and E. Hiltunen¹

¹University of Vaasa, Faculty of Technology, PL 700, FIN-65101 Vaasa, Finland; *Correspondence: Katriina.Sirvio@uwasa.fi 2UPM Research Center, FI-53200 Lappeenranta, Finland

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to test an antioxidant, BioSineox, for animal-based fat methyl ester, AFME, in order to determine the optimal concentration of this antioxidant for meeting the six-hour oxidation stability requirement as set in the EN 14214:2010 standard. Oxidation stability was measured using a Biodiesel Rancimat 873, which meets the requirements of the EN 14112 standard. The variety of raw materials used in the production of methyl esters, i.e. biodiesels, renders a variety of fatty acid profiles. Consequently, the reaction of biodiesels with various antioxidants must be individually tested for each combination. Before the antioxidant is added during the manufacturing process, it must be tested in laboratory conditions. As the main result of this study it can be stated that the process requires a relatively high (2,000 ppm) BioSineox concentration in order for the biodiesel to meet the six-hour oxidation stability requirement. In March 2013, the standard EN 14214:2010 was replaced by the EN 14214:2012. One of the changes was an increase in the oxidation stability requirement from 6 hours minimum to 8 hours minimum. To reach this target, the concentration of the antioxidant must be further increased.

Key words:

Antioxidant, biodiesel, methyl ester, oxidation stability, Rancimat.