Tag Archives: chemical composition

43-49 E. Jariene, H. Danilcenko, J. Kulaitienė and M. Gajewski
Effect of fertilizers on oil pumpkin seeds crude fat, fibre and protein quantity
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Effect of fertilizers on oil pumpkin seeds crude fat, fibre and protein quantity

E. Jariene¹, H. Danilcenko¹, J. Kulaitienė¹ and M. Gajewski²

¹Lithuanian Agriculture University, LT-4324 Kaunas, Studentų 11;e-mail: hd@lzuu.lt,
²Warsaw Agricultural University, Warszawa, Nowoursynowska 166

Abstract:

An investigation of the chemical composition of seeds of various oil bearing pumpkin cultivars grown with different forms of fertilizers was conducted in a certified organic field of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture; three oil pumpkin cultivars (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca L.) – ‘Miranda’, ‘Golosemiannaja’ and ‘Herakles’ were grown in 2004–2005. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the impact of organic and chemical fertilizers on the chemical composition of seeds of different cultivars. The following fertilizers were applied: humic acid fertilizers (the rate was calculated according to the required amount of Humistar) – 30 l ha-1; complex fertilizers (N:P:K – 10:10:20) – 500 kg ha-1; compost (70% manure + 30% plant residues) – 40 t ha-1; complex fertilizers (N:P:K – 10:10:20)+ humic acid fertilizers – 500 kg ha-1 + 30 l ha-1. Standard analytical methods were used to determine crude fat, protein and fibre content. Higher amounts of crude fats were found in seeds of the control (non-fertilized) pumpkins. Compost, humic acid and complex fertilizers had non-significant effects on the synthesis of crude fats, however, they increased the amount of crude fibre in seeds. The highest amount was found in seeds of the pumpkins fertilized with humic acid and complex fertilizers. A mixture of complex and humic acid fertilizers significantly reduced the amount of crude fat in oil-cakes. Complex fertilizers and mixtures of fertilizers stimulated the process of crude protein accumulation in seeds.

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483-492 L. Baležentienė and S. Mikulionienė
Chemical composition of galega mixtures silages
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Chemical composition of galega mixtures silages

L. Baležentienė and S. Mikulionienė

Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Studentų 11, LT-4324, Akademija, Kaunas distr.,Lithuania; e-mail: ligita.balezentiene@ lzuu.lt

Abstract:

A b s t r a c t . According to the near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy data, the chemical composition of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) is more valuable forage than traditional fodder plants such as the red clover and timothy at budding-early flowering stage. Due to the high concentration of total protein (231 g kg-1) and some amino acids (asp, glu, phenylala), galega fresh mass could be used as a substitute for the soybean cake for 1.4–2.9 kg equivalent amounts. The mean of asp, glu and phenylala content in galega DM constitutes 68.22–56.37 % of their concentration in soybean cake. The high total protein concentration of fodder galega which was determined indicated that this crop could be used for increasing the protein content of livestock rations and successfully replace soybean cake, which is imported and expensive.For supplying livestock with succulent forage during the year and for producing highquality silage, galega mixtures with grasses containing many water-soluble carbohydrates could be ensiled. Possibilities of ensiling mixtures of early flowering stage fodder galega (1:1) with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), wheat grass (Elytrigia repens L.), milk stage maize and sugar beet leaves were studied at Research Station and Training Farm of Lithuanian University of Agriculture. The addition of 0.3% FPC to galega-maize silage had no significant influence on DM (225 and 214 g kg-1), mineral element concentration and pH value (4.7 and 4.4) as compared to galega-maize silage without preservatives. The results of ensiling indicate that the quality of pure galega and galega-wheat grass silage was poor quality due to an unbalanced ratio of protein and water-soluble carbohydrates. Fodder galega appears suitable for ensiling with a grass component (orchardgrass, timothy or maize) which accumulated not less than 30% DM.

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253–264 A. Svirskis
Investigation of amaranth cultivation and utilisation in Lithuania
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Investigation of amaranth cultivation and utilisation in Lithuania

A. Svirskis

Šiauliai University, P. Višinskio 25, Šiauliai, Lithuania; e-mail: selekcentras@lzi.lt

Abstract:

Studies of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) collections have been carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture since 1978. During the period of 1998–2001, 13 varieties and populations of amaranth and some parameters of amaranth growing technology (sowing time, seed rate, row spacing, etc.) were investigated. The amaranth was grown in the six-course perennial grass breeding crop rotation after ploughed-in first year clover, sown after black fallow without additional fertilising and pesticides.
Preliminary amaranth growing technology was elaborated. The highest yield was produced when amaranth had been sown in the middle of May, at a seed rate of 2–4 kg ha-1, with row spacings of 50 cm and thrashed dry after severe frosts (-3…-5°C). The technology needs further improvement, and it is especially necessary to investigate fertilisation of amaranth in ecological and conventional farming systems.
Three amaranth varieties – ‘Raudonukai’, ‘Geltonukai’ and ‘Rausvukai’ – were registered in Lithuania in 2001. It is necessary to continue selection of amaranth species and varieties best suited for local conditions and investigate possibilities for use of amaranth green material and seed for food, feed, and energy production.

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197–209 A. Makaraviciute
Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of different potato varieties
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Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of different potato varieties

A. Makaraviciute

Elmininkai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Dvaro 6, N. Elmininkai, Anykš?iai district, LT-4930, Lithuania; e-mail: elmininkai@anyksciai.omnitel.net

Abstract:

The effect of different fertilizers on potato tuber yield and its quality was investigated at the Elmininkai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture during 1997-1999. Potatoes of 10 varieties belonging to different maturity groups were grown on plots with different fertilization. The following potato varieties were investigated: the extra early ‘Venta’ and ‘Ukama’, the early ‘Voke’, the medium early ‘Mirta’ and ‘Karolin’, the medium late ‘Hertha’, ‘Saturna’ and ‘Agria’, and the late ‘Aistes’ and ‘Speci’.
It was established that different fertilizers, varietal properties and meteorological conditions during the potato vegetation period significantly influenced the yield and  quality of different potato varieties. The highest potato tuber yields (20.1–29.6 t ha-1) of all the tested varieties were harvested when one-component and complex mineral fertilizers with microelements had been applied, the lowest (14.6–21.7 t ha-1) when manure (60 t ha-1) had been used in spring. The highest starch and dry matter content had potatoes of the following varieties: the early ‘Voke’ (up to 16.3% and 22.6%, respectively), the medium early ‘Karolin’ (up to 15.6% and 21.8%, respectively), the medium late ‘Saturna’ (up to 17.4% and 23.7%, respectively) and the late ‘Speci’ (up to 16.3% and 22.6%, respectively). The 1998 vegetation period was the most favourable for potato tuber yield, and the 1997 vegetation period for the accumulation of starch and dry matter. The vegetation period of 1999 was the most unfavourable both for potato tuber yield and the accumulation of starch and dry matter.

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