Tag Archives: conservation

xxx N.V. Silva, A.J.V. Pires, I.C. Dutra, H.S. Silva, B.E.F. Santos, M.S. Nogueira, N.T. Cruz, A.P.G. Silva, L.S. Teixeira, G.R.S. Oliveira, G.C. Dutra and L.S. Teixeira
The quality and fermentation of the total diet containing BRS capiaçu or sugarcane with or without urea
Abstract |
Full text PDF (242 KB)

The quality and fermentation of the total diet containing BRS capiaçu or sugarcane with or without urea

N.V. Silva*, A.J.V. Pires, I.C. Dutra, H.S. Silva, B.E.F. Santos, M.S. Nogueira, N.T. Cruz, A.P.G. Silva, L.S. Teixeira, G.R.S. Oliveira, G.C. Dutra and L.S. Teixeira

State University of Southwest of Bahia, BR45700-000 Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
*Correspondence: nvszootecnista@gmail.com

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to evaluate total diet silages in PVC silos, containing BRS Capiaçu or sugarcane with or without urea. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 2×2 factorial arrangement with ten replicates, with one of the roughages (sugarcane or Capiaçu) being with or without urea (2% urea on a dry matter basis). No interaction was observed between the bulk and urea factors for the variables analyzed. Diets containing sugarcane presented greater gas losses and lower pH. In contrast, effluent losses and dry matter recovery were higher in diets containing BRS Capiaçu. Ammonia nitrogen levels were influenced by both the type of roughage and the addition of urea, being higher in diets with urea and those containing BRS Capiaçu. Diets with BRS Capiaçu also resulted in higher levels of ash, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The addition of urea, in turn, reduced lignin levels. The levels of ADIN and NDIN were higher in diets with BRS Capiaçu and lower in those with sugarcane, while urea reduced ADIN. For NFC, there was an effect of roughage and urea, with higher values observed in diets with sugarcane and with the addition of urea. The highest iNDF levels were found in diets with BRS Capiaçu and without urea. Protein fractionation showed that the addition of urea increased fraction A and reduced fractions B1+B2 and C. Fraction B3 was higher in diets with sugarcane. Fraction C showed higher levels with BRS Capiaçu and when urea was not added. Sugarcane resulted in higher levels of fractions A+B1 and lower levels of B2 and C, a pattern opposite to that observed with BRS Capiaçu. Similarly, urea increased fractions A+B1 and decreased fractions B2 and C. The addition of urea to the diets promoted changes in the carbohydrate and protein fractions, improving the composition. Regarding the roughage used, sugarcane presented better fermentation parameters when purchased from Capiaçu.

Key words:

, , ,



313-319 A. Aboltins, J. Tomsu and P. Kic
Red clover drying coefficient dependencies on air velocity at constant drying temperature
Abstract |
Full text PDF (547 KB)

Red clover drying coefficient dependencies on air velocity at constant drying temperature

A. Aboltins¹*, J. Tomsu² and P. Kic²

¹Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Cakstes blvd.5, LV–3001 Jelgava, Latvia
²Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Kamycka 129, CZ16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: aivars.aboltins@inbox.lv

Abstract:

The clover is widely used as feed of animals and preservation of fodder is an important problem. This paper informs about the experimental and theoretical investigations of red clover (Trifolium pratense) drying by forced convection. This research is focused on verification of influence of different air velocities on the drying process of red clover in thin layer in mild temperatures (22 °C) and rather high relative humidity of air (70%). The initial moisture content of clover was determined by gravimetric method using the hot air drying in the electric oven. Special device for convection drying with air flow passing through material from the bottom through supporting trays with a sieve (dimensions of mesh 3 x 4 mm) by constant temperature was used for drying when the air velocity 0.7 m s-1, 1.0 m s-1, 1.2 m s-1 and 2.0 m s-1. These results was compared with drying by free convection. Changes of clover samples were determined from the measured values of weight using the gravimetric method. The function of drying coefficient K(t) is determined (using thin layer theory) and theoretical results are compared with experimental results. Using experimental results were determined relationships between air velocity and parameters included in function of drying coefficient. This allows theoretically to predict the drying process depending on the air velocity.

Key words:

, , , , ,



357-360 R. Muljar, E. Viik, R. Marja, E. Svilponis, K. Jõgar, R. Karise, M. Mänd
The effect of field size on the number of bumble bees
Abstract |
Full text PDF (597 KB)

The effect of field size on the number of bumble bees

R. Muljar¹, E. Viik¹², R. Marja³, E. Svilponis¹, K. Jõgar¹, R. Karise¹, M. Mänd¹

¹Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1a, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: riin.muljar@emu.ee
²Agricultural Research Centre, Riia 24D, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.
³Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.

Abstract:

Bumble  bees  are  important  pollinators  in  agricultural  and  natural  ecosystems.  In recent decades their numbers  have been declining due to the intensification of agriculture and establishment of large homogenous fields. Our goal was to study the effect of the field size on the  abundance  of  bumble  bees  in  Estonia.  The  data  was  collected  from  66  farms  located  in different  regions  of  the  country.  Bumble  bees  were  counted  along  the  field  transect  of  each farm.  The  relationship  between  field  size  and  number  of  bumble  bees  present  was  calculated. We found a negative correlation between the  field  size and the abundance of bumble bees: as the field area increased the number of bees decreased.

Key words:

, , , ,