Tag Archives: diesel engine

195-207 R. Smigins, K. Amatnieks, A. Birkavs and S. Kryshtopa
Performance and emissions of an agricultural diesel engine with hydrogen injection under different load modes
Abstract |
Full text PDF (467 KB)

Performance and emissions of an agricultural diesel engine with hydrogen injection under different load modes

R. Smigins¹*, K. Amatnieks¹, A. Birkavs¹ and S. Kryshtopa²

¹Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Engineering and Energetics, J. Cakstes blvd. 5, LV3001 Jelgava, Latvia
²Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Department of Automobile Transport, Carpathians Street 15, UA76019 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
*Correspondence: ruslans.smigins@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

. Excessive use of fossil fuels in transport sector in the last decades stimulated rise in global energy consumption in such way leaving harmful effects on human health and environment. The scale of decarbonization of transport sector in the next decade could be challenging for European Union (EU) as demand for renewable energy, like wind, solar and hydro, will definitely rise. The aim of this study is to find whether hydrogen could be optimal solution for emission reduction in agricultural machinery. In this regard, research was carried out with KOHLER KDI 1903 M diesel engine looking on main performance parameters, as also regulated emissions operating engine with conventional diesel fuel and different hydrogen injection volumes under different loads. Fuel consumption was measured with AVL KMA Mobile device, while emissions was determined using AVL SESAM FTIR exhaust gas analytical system. During the tests, it was observed that the addition of a higher hydrogen concentration provides more substantial benefits that includes a larger impact on fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Other emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO) emissions had smaller but positive impact, while the addition of hydrogen gas had various impact on nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. At the same time decrease in particulate matter (PM) emissions was observed with higher hydrogen concentrations and more substantial impact was observed during higher load conditions and higher hydrogen concentration.

Key words:

, , , ,



749–766 M. Hissa, S. Niemi, T. Ovaska and A. Niemi
Waste fish oil as an alternative renewable fuel for IC engines
Abstract |
Full text PDF (1,010 KB)

Waste fish oil as an alternative renewable fuel for IC engines

M. Hissa*, S. Niemi, T. Ovaska and A. Niemi

University of Vaasa, School of Technology and Innovations, P.O. Box 700, FI-65101 Vaasa, Finland
*Correspondence: Michaela.Hissa@univaasa.fi

Abstract:

Bio-oils are potential fuels for internal combustion engines because of they have advantageous properties such as biodegradability, renewability, high oxygen content and low sulphur. However, the high viscosity, surface tension, and density of crude bio-oils pose challenges for engine use. Those properties affect fuel spray characteristics, mixture formation and combustion. In turn, these impact engine, efficiency, power and emissions. This study investigated the use of crude fish oil (FO) at medium and low engine-loads at two engine speeds in an off-road engine. The injectors had 6-hole high flow rate tips. The results were compared with those of fossil diesel fuel oil (DFO). Fish oil increased hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and partly oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. Smoke number, however, decreased. Crude fish oil also showed lowered total particle number (TPN) at low load at low engine-speed compared with DFO.

Key words:

, , , ,



2033-2048 M. Hissa, S. Niemi and A. Niemi
Combustion and emission studies of a common-rail direct injection diesel engine with various injector nozzles
Abstract |
Full text PDF (1 MB)

Combustion and emission studies of a common-rail direct injection diesel engine with various injector nozzles

M. Hissa*, S. Niemi and A. Niemi

University of Vaasa, School of Technology and Innovations, P.O. Box 700, FI-65101 Vaasa Finland
*Correspondence: Michaela.Hissa@univaasa.fi

Abstract:

Fuel injection has a critical role in an internal combustion engine and a significant effect on the quality of the fuel spray. In turn, fuel spray directly affects an engine´s combustion, efficiency, power and emissions. This study evaluated three different injector nozzles in a high-speed, non-road diesel engine. It was run on diesel fuel oil (DFO) and testing was conducted at three different engine loads (100%, 75% and 50%) and at two engine speeds (2,200 rpm and 1,500 rpm). The nozzles had 6, 8 and 10 holes and a relatively high mass flow rate (HF). The study investigated and compared injection and combustion characteristics, together with gaseous emissions. The combustion parameters seemed to be very similar with all studied injector nozzles. The emission measurements indicated general reductions in hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at most load/speed points when using the 6- and 10-hole nozzles instead of the reference 8-hole nozzles. However, smoke number increased when the alternative nozzles were used.

Key words:

, , , ,



1165–1180 T. Ovaska, S. Niemi, K. Sirviö and O. Nilsson
Exhaust particle number of a non-road diesel engine fuelled by methyl esters with different fatty acid compositions
Abstract |
Full text PDF (1 MB)

Exhaust particle number of a non-road diesel engine fuelled by methyl esters with different fatty acid compositions

T. Ovaska*, S. Niemi, K. Sirviö and O. Nilsson

University of Vaasa, School of Technology and Innovations, P.O. Box 700, FI-65101 Vaasa, Finland
*Correspondence: teemu.ovaska@univaasa.fi

Abstract:

The main aim of this study was to find out how methyl esters with different fatty acid compositions affect the exhaust particle numbers. Along with fossil diesel fuel oil (DFO) and renewable diesel (HVO), a high-speed non-road diesel engine was fuelled by rapeseed (RME) and soybean (SME) methyl esters. Particle numbers within the size range of 5.6–560 nm were measured by means of an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS). The exhaust smoke, gaseous emissions and the basic engine performance were also determined. During the measurements, the 4-cylinder, turbocharged, intercooled engine was run according to the non-road steady cycle. Methyl esters reduced particles within the size range of 70 to 200 nm. For RME and SME, both positive and significant correlations were found between the sum of the particle numbers detected above the size category of 23 nm and methyl palmitate (C16:0), methyl stearate (C18:0) and methyl linoleate (C18:2) contents at 10% load at rated speed. In terms of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, HVO was beneficial while carbon monoxide (CO) emission was the lowest with DFO. The level in smoke emission was negligible.

Key words:

, , ,



157-166 V. Mikita, J. Roots and J. Olt
Simulation model of the combustion processes of a diesel engine
Abstract |
Full text PDF (157 KB)

Simulation model of the combustion processes of a diesel engine

V. Mikita¹, J. Roots² and J. Olt¹

¹Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56,
EE51014, Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: villu.mikita@emu.ee,
²Institute of Economics and Social Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences,
Kreutzwaldi 56, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia

Abstract:

It is foreseen that in the near future in Estonia there will be growth in the consumption of alternative liquid fuels in internal combustion engines. The main share of it will be formed by the local raw material based diesel fuel and ethanol. In connection with this, the choice of fuels and the variety of their qualitative characteristics in filling stations will grow. This kind of situation will give rise to the necessity of creating new quality assessment methods which should be reliable, efficient and economical. There may be several assessment methods for taking fuel samples. Drivers consider the fuel quality assessment express methods especially valuable. Working out a new method like that is at present also supported by the electronic control system of the engine and the use of digital diagnostic devices. Creating and implementing the fuel quality assessment express method requires a considerable amount of effort. It includes the evaluation and prognosis of the fuels physical and chemical parameters, designing the simulation models of the engine combustion process pressure and temperature and carrying out the control testing.

Key words:

, ,