Tag Archives: diseases

523-536 S. Polishchuk, L. Holyk, N. Havryliuk, L. Kuzmenko, M. Shtakal, N. Tkachenko, V. Bulgakov, S. Ivanovs and A. Rucins
Resistance of the soft winter wheat varieties to pests and their productivity in the northern forest-steppe zone
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Resistance of the soft winter wheat varieties to pests and their productivity in the northern forest-steppe zone

S. Polishchuk¹, L. Holyk¹, N. Havryliuk¹, L. Kuzmenko¹, M. Shtakal¹, N. Tkachenko¹, V. Bulgakov², S. Ivanovs³ and A. Rucins³*

¹National Scientific Centre, Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine, 2 b, Mashinobudivnikiv Str., Chabany vil., Kyiv - Svyatoshin Dist., UA 08162 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Engineering and Energetics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Ulbroka Research Centre, 1 Instituta Str., LV 2130 Ulbroka, Ropazu Region, Stopinu Municipality, Latvia
*Correspondence: adolfs.rucins@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

There are highlighted the results of research in order to determine the field and laboratory resistance of the winter wheat varieties in a competitive variety testing at the National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of NAAS (2016–2020) against pests, and the level of their productivity is assessed. Among the studied varieties of winter wheat, varieties with complex resistance were found: to cereal aphids, wheat thrips powdery mildew and brown leaf rust – variety Efektna; to cereal aphids, wheat thrips and leaf rust – varieties Polisianka, Pyriatynka, Krasunia Poliska, Vodohrai, Kesariia Poliska, Myroliubna, Romanivna, Pamiati Hirka, and standard Lisova Pisnia St. When varieties were grown without the use of fungicides, insecticides and growth regulators, their yield varied over the years from 2.99 t ha–1 to 10.71 t ha–1. The best varieties of soft winter wheat in terms of their productivity were identified in the northern Forest – Steppe zone, which are included in the State Register of the plant varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine – Kesariia Poliska (7.67 t ha–1), Pyriatynka (7.10 t ha–1), Myroliubna (7.08 t ha–1), Merezhka (6.77 t ha–1), Kraeivyd (6.71 t ha–1), Pamiati Hirka (6.61 t ha–1), Polisianka (6.51 t ha–1) and Efektna (6.36 t ha–1). Consequently, with proper selection of the winter wheat varieties, it is possible to significantly limit the harmfulness of pests and diseases, to reduce the amount of the used pesticides, to increase the grain productivity, and to improve its commercial and seed quality.

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1174-1185 M. Khusnitdinova, A. Abdrakhmanova, A. Pozharskiy, A. Kapytina, N. Kerimbek, G. Nizamdinova, A. Taskuzhina, K. Adilbayeva, M. Kolchenko, and D. Gritsenko
Problems and prospects of sugar beet cultivation in Kazakhstan
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Problems and prospects of sugar beet cultivation in Kazakhstan

M. Khusnitdinova, A. Abdrakhmanova, A. Pozharskiy, A. Kapytina, N. Kerimbek, G. Nizamdinova, A. Taskuzhina, K. Adilbayeva, M. Kolchenko, and D. Gritsenko*

Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Str. 45, KZ050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
*Correspondence: d.kopytina@gmail.com

Abstract:

Purpose – to ensure the food security of Kazakhstan, domestic sugar industry should aim at a significant reduction in import dependence and transition to self-sufficiency. The share of domestic sugar from sugar beet in Kazakhstan is 7%.

Design/methodology/approach – review indicating the main problems in the sugar beet production in Kazakhstan for the purpose of reimagining the domestic sugar beet industry to reduce dependence on sugar import. We analyzed the dynamics of sugar beet cultivation in Kazakhstan over the past 20 years and detected a sharp reduction in the sugar beet production.

Findings – we have identified 10 problems in sugar beet production in Kazakhstan and determined the necessary targeted solutions. We consider the main direction to be the development of scientific methodology for sugar beet production (breeding of new highly productive disease-resistant cultivars, improvement of sugar beet protection system, efficient crop rotation). The most notable problems included in this paper are small-scale marketability of sugar beet farms, infectious diseases of sugar beet, water supply shortages, use of outdated agricultural technologies, high cost of imported sugar beet seeds.

Originality/value – The present paper includes a full analysis of current problems in sugar beet production in Kazakhstan.

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741-749 R. Arvola and Ü. Kristjuhan
Workload and health of older academic personnel using telework
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Workload and health of older academic personnel using telework

R. Arvola* and Ü. Kristjuhan

Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn School of Economics and Business Administration, Tallinn, Estonia;
*Correspondence: rene.arvola@ttu.ee

Abstract:

Aim of the study was to measure telework usage and to explore interactions between health, workload and telework. Telework is work that is carried out outside the central office, involving new technology that permits communication. Work carried out at any time, at any place, has been very common in the case of research institutes and universities. This type of work has advantages and disadvantages for both an employee and employer. The study of telework was carried out in Tallinn University of Technology (TUT) where working at home has been very common for a long time. The questionnaires were sent to academic personnel. The study shows that academic employees preferred teleworking for better concentration on work and saving time and money. There was no significant difference in telework usage by age and teleworkers had fewer complaints about tired eyes, arterial hypertension and stress.

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198-203 B. Bankina and Z. Gaile
Evaluation of barley disease development depending on varieties
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Evaluation of barley disease development depending on varieties

B. Bankina¹ and Z. Gaile²

¹Institute of Soil and Plant Science, Latvia University of Agriculture, Liela 2, Jelgava, Latvia;e-mail: Biruta.Bankina@llu.lv
²Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Latvia University of Agriculture, Liela 2, Jelgava, Latvia;e-mail: Zinta.Gaile@llu.lv

Abstract:

Resistance against diseases is one of the key factors for plant varieties used in organic farming systems. Official variety trials in a certified organic field were inspected during 2004–2008 in the Research and Study farm “Vecauce”of LLU.Net blotch (caused by Pyrenophora teres) and mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) were the most significant diseases in spring barley. Rust (caused by Puccinia hordei (syn. P. anomala) was observed very seldom and leaf scald (caused by Rhynchosporium secalis) was noted only in 2008 for a new breeding line, G 131.The incidence of net blotch fluctuated from 0–100% depending on year and variety, butthe incidence of mildew was 3–100%. The incidence of barley rust did not exceed 29% (severity only 0.7%).The obtained data gave general information about the spectrum of diseases, but they areinconsistent and are seriously influenced by meteorological conditions: artificial inoculation is necessary for better variety selection, especially for organic farming.

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430-435 R. Nekrošienė
Cultivation possibilities for Thyme, an important medicinal plant, in Western Lithuania
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Cultivation possibilities for Thyme, an important medicinal plant, in Western Lithuania

R. Nekrošienė

Botanical Garden of Klaipėda University, Kretingos 92, LT–92327 Klaipėda, Lithuania;tel. + 370 46 398833, fax. + 370 46 398837; e-mail: rita_nekrosiene@mail.ru

Abstract:

The cultivated medicinal plant production covers only 4–6% of the demand for raw material of the pharmaceutical industry in Lithuania, suggesting that medicinal plant cultivation may be an alternative business for organic farming. Phenology and biological parameters (plant height in flowering phase, number of twigs, air-dry mass), occurrence of diseases and pests of some medicinal plants, as Thymus serpyllum, T. pulegioides and T. vulgaris were studied in the field collection at the Botanical Garden of Klaipeda university (Western Lithuania) in 2001–2006. It was established that the beginning of the vegetation period of T. pulegioides was the same in different years. The amount of precipitation and average air temperature at the beginning of vegetation had influence on the preparation time of medicinal material by thyme, especially T. pullegioides and T. vulgaris. Air-dry mass of T. pulegioides was by 4–18 g m-2 more than the mass of T. serpyllum and T. vulgaris. Pests infected Thymus by 4.5–8.8%; severity of diseases varied from 0.5 to 4.5% in different years.

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737-743 A. Sasnauskas, V. Trajkovski, S. Strautina, O. Tikhonova, T. Šikšnianas,M. Rubinskiene, P. Viškelis, J. Lanauskas, A. Valiuškaitė,R. Rugienius and Č. Bobinas
Evaluation of blackcurrant cultivars and perspective hybrids in Lithuania
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Evaluation of blackcurrant cultivars and perspective hybrids in Lithuania

A. Sasnauskas¹, V. Trajkovski², S. Strautina³, O. Tikhonova⁴, T. Šikšnianas¹,M. Rubinskiene¹, P. Viškelis¹, J. Lanauskas¹, A. Valiuškaitė¹,R. Rugienius¹ and Č. Bobinas¹

¹Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, Kauno 30, Babtai, Kaunas district, LT-54333, Lithuania
²Swedish Pomological Science Centre, Stubbaröd 2818, S-26023 Kågeröd, Sweden
³ Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Graudu 1, Dobele, LV-3701, Latvia
⁴N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, 42-44 B. Morskaya Str, 190000, St. Petersburg, Russia

Abstract:

A cooperative blackcurrant breeding project between Sweden, Russia, Latvia and Lithuania studied yield, resistance to fungal diseases and pest, biochemical composition of berries of 20 new blackcurrant cultivars and hybrids at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2004-2008. The blackcurrants were cultivated without plant protection against either diseases or pests. Yield, damage by fungal diseases and pest and biochemical composition was investigated. The hybrids BRi 9504-5, BRi 9568-1A, BRi 9508-3A and BRi 9508-3B were selected as possible cultivars.

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59-71 R. Skuodienė and R. Nekrošienė
Impact of perennial legumes and timothy as green manure on productivity of Secale cereale L. and x Triticosecale Wittm and on occurrence of cereal diseases
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Impact of perennial legumes and timothy as green manure on productivity of Secale cereale L. and x Triticosecale Wittm and on occurrence of cereal diseases

R. Skuodienė¹ and R. Nekrošienė²

¹Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Vezaiciai Branch,Vezaiciai, Gargzdų 29, LT-96216 Klaipeda distr. Lithuania;e-mail: rskuod@vezaiciai.lzi.lt
²Botanical Garden of Klaipeda University,Kretingos 92, LT-92327 Klaipeda, Lithuania; e-mail: bot.sodas@one.lt

Abstract:

In 2002–2005 experiments were carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture’s Vėžaičiai Branch (West Lithuania) on a podzolized gleyic soil to study 1) the ecological significance of perennial legumes and timothy used as green manure for the biological properties of triticale and rye, and 2) on diseases affecting these cereals. Our experimental evidence suggests that residues of the perennial grasses tested and ploughed-in aftermath contributed different contents of nitrogen to the soil. The highest content of nitrogen (185.8 kg ha-1) and other nutrients (P2O5, K2O) was contributed to the soil with the addition ofred clover residues and aftermath. However, when triticale and rye were grown after white clover as a preceding crop (1st crop for forage, aftermath ploughed in), the highest grain yield (on average 3.13 t ha-1 of triticale and 3.82 t ha-1 of rye) was obtained, which was by 0.34 and 0.28 t ha-1 higher compared to grain yield following similarly managed red clover. It was determined that some yield-forming indicators of cereal, such as plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear were higher for white clover rather than for red clover or timothy. The choice of preceding crop had no significant effect on differences in protein content in the winter cereal grain. However, different growing conditions of winter cereals, i.e. different preceding crops, had a significant effect on the occurrence of scald, brown rust and septoria.

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