Tag Archives: diversity

332-351 G. Desheva, G. Petrović, E. Valchinova, M. Deshev, B. Kyosev and A. Pencheva
Evaluation of grain morphometry and gliadin diversity among twenty accessions of the genus Aegilops from the National collection of Bulgaria
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Evaluation of grain morphometry and gliadin diversity among twenty accessions of the genus Aegilops from the National collection of Bulgaria

G. Desheva¹*, G. Petrović², E. Valchinova¹, M. Deshev¹, B. Kyosev¹ and A. Pencheva¹

¹Agricultural Academy, Institute of Plant Genetic Resources ‘Konstantin Malkov’, 2 Druzhba Str., BG4122 Sadovo, Bulgaria
²Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 30 Maksima Gorkog str., SRB21101 Novi Sad, Serbia
*Correspondence: gergana_desheva@abv.bg

Abstract:

The objective of the study was to evaluate the genetic diversity in twenty Aegilops accessions belonging to five plant species with respect to specific grain morphometric parameters and gliadin proteins, employing digital image analysis and A-PAGE electrophoresis. The considerable variation was observed among accessions for grain morphometric traits – area, perimeter, length, width and colour of grain. A total of 96 gliadin polymorphic bands were identified, with the number of bands varying between 13 and 22 per accession. The overall genetic diversity in the samples based on the patterns observed for each of the four gliadin regions showed that the ω, γ and β regions had high genetic variation index (H = 0.950), while α regions (H = 0.938), respectively. The mean genetic diversity estimate was high (H = 0.947). The average genetic similarity between all 20 genotypes ranges from 0.14 to 0.93 with a mean of 0.56, indicating that the studied accessions exhibited considerable genetic variability. The study found that the clustering of Aegilops genotypes was not linked to their geographic origin. Two-dimensional Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) based on the gliadin and morphometric analyses revealed wide genetic dissimilarity between most of the genotypes, explaining 97.16% of the variations, with the model explaining 97.16% of the observed variation. Of this, PCo1 accounted for 93.65% and PCo2 for 3.51%. Genotypes with analogous genomes were grouped in close proximity within the phylogenetic tree, indicating that their evolutionary relationships may have originated from the same parental lineage.

Key words:

A-PAGE, Aegilops, diversity, gliadins, grain morphometry

1104-1116 A.N. Puspito, S. Nabilah, D.M.A. Imam Buqori, S. Hartatik, Kyung-Min Kim and M. Ubaidillah
Genetic diversity analysis of Indonesian rice germplasm (Oryza sativa L.) with simple sequence repeat markers
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Genetic diversity analysis of Indonesian rice germplasm (Oryza sativa L.) with simple sequence repeat markers

A.N. Puspito¹, S. Nabilah¹, D.M.A. Imam Buqori², S. Hartatik², Kyung-Min Kim³ and M. Ubaidillah⁴*

¹University of Jember, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Jember, ID6812 East Java, Indonesia
²University of Jember, Faculty of Agriculture, Study Program of Agronomy, Jember, ID6812 East Java, Indonesia
³Kyungpook National University, College of Agriculture and Life Science, School of Applied BioSciences, Division of Plant Biosciences, Daegu, South Korea
⁴University of Jember, Faculty of Agriculture, Study Program of Agrotechnology, Jember, ID6812 East Java, Indonesia
*Correspondence: moh.ubaidillah.pasca@unej.ac.id

Abstract:

The characterization of germplasm provides information on the regional rice genetic diversity and variety kinship classification. This study aimed to provide information on the agro-morphological traits and genetic diversity of fifty local rice varieties from Java and Borneo Island in Indonesia. The variability of thirteen agronomic traits showed the differentiation among t
he accessions, while the phenotypic traits were grouped into six clusters. The genotyping characterization was conducted using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers (22 microsatellites), and continued with genetic diversity and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) analysis. The agro-morphological clustering based on Ward’s Hierarchical constructed six sub-clusters. The PC1 and PC2 had 86.3% of the total percentage. The UPGMA method was used to construct
six different groupings, as the correlation between each group and its collecting source was significant. Furthermore, the UPGMA dendrogram clustered the 50 accessions into six main clusters, while the PIC showed a polymorphism value range of 0.41–0.74. RM162 located on chromosome 5, which was considered as the best marker for fifty-one genotypes. At the same time, the lowest PIC value of 0.41 was observed in RM431 located in chromosome 1. This classification can be helpful as a detailed information for plant breeders to characterize and select the germplasm, while conducting backcrosses between rice accessions.

Key words:

agro-morphological, diversity, germplasm, rice, SSR

1795–1814 M. Welc, A. Lundkvist, N-E. Nordh and T. Verwijst
Weed community trajectories in cereal and willow cultivations after termination of a willow short rotation coppice
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Weed community trajectories in cereal and willow cultivations after termination of a willow short rotation coppice

M. Welc*, A. Lundkvist, N-E. Nordh and T. Verwijst

Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7043, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
*Correspondence: Monika.Welc@slu.se

Abstract:

According to guidelines for willow short rotation coppice (SRC), weeding is needed during establishment, while weed populations which develop later under a well-established willow canopy do not require control. However, farmers are concerned that weeds which develop in SRC may result in long-lasting weed infestations in succeeding crops after SRC termination. We assessed the effects of two SRC-termination methods (with shallow and deep soil cultivation) on the development of the weed flora in a cereal system (CS) and in SRC during six seasons. Richness, ground cover, life-cycle strategy and composition of the weed species, and their environmental requirements (inferred from Ellenberg index) were evaluated.
SRC-termination method had no effect on the weed community trajectories in the succeeding SRC and CS. However, cropping system and growing season had significant impacts on species richness, ground cover and composition of the weed flora.
Differences in weed communities over time and between cropping systems were related to the impact of cropping systems on factors such as light, soil moisture, nitrogen level, and soil reaction, as inferred from the Ellenberg index. After termination of the old willow cultivation, the weed flora of the SRC and CS rapidly diverged and approached the weed flora characteristic for old willow stands and non-weeded old cereal plot, respectively. We conclude that willow stands can be converted, regardless of termination method, either into willow or cereal cultivations without additional risk of weed infestations other than those specific for their respective cropping systems. Furthermore, willow cultivations in agriculture contribute to floristic diversity at the landscape scale.

Key words:

crop, diversity, Ellenberg index, flora, life cycle, Salix spp., short rotation forestry, termination method, weed outbreak, weed species composition, weed species ground cover, weed species richness

785-792 E. Demjanová, M. Macák, I. Dalovic, F Majerník, Š. Týr, J. Smatana
Effects of tillage systems and crop rotation on weed density, weed species composition and weed biomass in maize
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Effects of tillage systems and crop rotation on weed density, weed species composition and weed biomass in maize

E. Demjanová¹, M. Macák¹, I. Dalovic,² F Majerník¹, Š. Týr¹, J. Smatana¹

¹Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Herbology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food
Resources, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Tr. A.Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra,
Slovak Republic, milan.macak@uniag.sk 2Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, maizescience@yahoo.com Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Herbology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food
Resources, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Tr. A.Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra,
Slovak Republic, milan.macak@uniag.sk
²Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, maizescience@yahoo.com

Abstract:

The field study was conducted over seven years in south-western Slovakia to investigate the effects of different soil tillage intensities and crop rotation on weed density, weed diversity and weed dry biomass in maize. Three basic tillage treatments were the following: mouldboard ploughing to a depth of 0.30 m (conventional tillage); offset disc ploughing to a depth of 0.15 m followed by combined cultivator; twice shallow loosening to a depth of 0.10 m (both reduced tillage). Annual broadleaf weeds (17 species) were clearly the dominant weed group under all soil tillage treatments, compared to perennial weeds (6 species) and annual grassy weeds (4 species). Dominant weed species were Amaranthus retroflexus and A. powelli, Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus–galli, Convolvulus arvensis and Cirsium arvense. The number of species of the annual broadleaf and grassy weeds group was insignificant in conventional tillage and reduced tillage systems. Total weed density was significantly lower under the conventional tillage than the other reduced tillage systems. The main benefit of conventional tillage is a highly significant decline of perennial weeds. Only 2.6 perennial weed plants per quadrant in conventional tillage as compared to 7.5–9.0 in reduced tillage treatments were noted. Significantly less weed dry biomass was found in conventional treatment under mouldboard ploughing as compared to reduced tillage. Crop rotation did not have a significant influence on variability of species richness expressed according to Margalef’s index in maize. Tillage system was more influential than crop rotations on the weed density and diversity and weed biomass.

Key words:

crop rotation, diversity, tillage, weed density, weed dry biomass

156-161 O. Auškalnienė and A. Auškalnis
The influence of tillage system on diversities of soil weed seed bank
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The influence of tillage system on diversities of soil weed seed bank

O. Auškalnienė and A. Auškalnis

Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture,Instituto Alėja 1, LT – 58344, Akademija, Kėdainiai distr.;e-mail: ona@lzi.lt

Abstract:

Field experiments with different soil tillage systems were conducted in 2003–2006 at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture. Investigations to evaluate effects of soil tillage regime on weed seed bank and distribution in the soil layers were made after four years of experimentation. A total of 17 weed species were found in the soil seed bank; 98 % – annual dicotyledonous. The most abundant weed species in the seed bank were Chenopodium album, Lamium purpureum and Stellaria media. The highest number of weed seed species was found in treatments with reduced and no-tillage treatments in a soil layer of 0–5cm. In deeper soil layers, 5–10, 10–20, no differences in species number of weed seeds were found.

Key words:

diversity, soil seed bank, tillage