Evaluating the effects of application modes and soil types on the herbicide efficacy and crop yield of pendimethalin and clomazone on transplanted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

G. Glatkova¹* and Z. Pacanoski²

¹University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Agriculture Institute, 16-ta Makedonska brigada 3A, MK1000 Skopje, Republic Macedonia
²University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Faculty for Agricultural Sciences and Food, 16-ta Makedonska brigada 3, MK1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
*Correspondence: gordana_glatkova@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Field experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in two locations Kochani and Drachevo in Republic of Macedonia to evaluate the efficacy and crop safety of pendimethalin and clomazone on transplanted pepper according to mode of application, (pretransplant -PRE-T and pretransplant incorporated -PTI) and soil types (alluvial soil and vertisol). The weed population in both years and locations mainly consisted annual spring and summer grasses and broadleaf weeds. Weed competition significantly reduced pepper yield. There was no recorded difference between the efficacy of pendimethalin PRE-T and pendimethalin PTI. However, the efficacy of clomazone PTI was higher than that of clomazone PRE-T in both experimental years and locations, indicating incorporation into soil if critical for clamazone. Both pendimethalin and clomazone had low efficacy on Solanum nigrum L. Pepper plants were not visibly injured by any herbicides treatments. In summary, locations and soil types did not affect herbicide efficacy and pepper selectivity. Pepper yield was markedly affected by herbicide efficacy in both years and locations.

Key words:

effectiveness., herbicides, injury, pepper, pretransplant, pretransplant incorporated, soil type, weeds

Ergonomics approach in entrepreneurship

H. Kalkis¹*, Z. Roja², V. Kalkis² and I. Rezepina¹

¹Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Latvia, Aspazijas blvd.5, LV-1050, Riga, Latvia; *Correspondence: henrijs.kalkis@lu.lv
²Ergonomics Research Centre, University of Latvia, K. Valdemara 48,LV-1013, Riga, Latvia

Abstract:

The research focuses on determination of the workload and work strain in small andmedium-sized metalworking enterprises of Latvia. A number of studies in the world prove thatthe effectiveness of an organisation is closely related to a human, performer of the work, whoseskills and health affect the results of the organisation’s activity. This research, by applyingergonomics load evaluation methods, showed that extensive workload and work strain inmetalworking enterprises has a negative impact on workers’ wellbeing and health. Theeconomics effectiveness calculations confirmed that the investments in ergonomics inmetalworking manufacturing processes maintain human resources and are economicallyfavourable in ensuring enterprise effectiveness, but further studies are necessary to evaluateworkers’ contribution and willingness to participate in ergonomics interventions.

Key words: