Performance and emissions of an agricultural diesel engine with hydrogen injection under different load modes

R. Smigins¹*, K. Amatnieks¹, A. Birkavs¹ and S. Kryshtopa²

¹Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Engineering and Energetics, J. Cakstes blvd. 5, LV3001 Jelgava, Latvia
²Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Department of Automobile Transport, Carpathians Street 15, UA76019 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
*Correspondence: ruslans.smigins@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

. Excessive use of fossil fuels in transport sector in the last decades stimulated rise in global energy consumption in such way leaving harmful effects on human health and environment. The scale of decarbonization of transport sector in the next decade could be challenging for European Union (EU) as demand for renewable energy, like wind, solar and hydro, will definitely rise. The aim of this study is to find whether hydrogen could be optimal solution for emission reduction in agricultural machinery. In this regard, research was carried out with KOHLER KDI 1903 M diesel engine looking on main performance parameters, as also regulated emissions operating engine with conventional diesel fuel and different hydrogen injection volumes under different loads. Fuel consumption was measured with AVL KMA Mobile device, while emissions was determined using AVL SESAM FTIR exhaust gas analytical system. During the tests, it was observed that the addition of a higher hydrogen concentration provides more substantial benefits that includes a larger impact on fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Other emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO) emissions had smaller but positive impact, while the addition of hydrogen gas had various impact on nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions. At the same time decrease in particulate matter (PM) emissions was observed with higher hydrogen concentrations and more substantial impact was observed during higher load conditions and higher hydrogen concentration.

Key words:

diesel engine, emissions, hydrogen addition, performance, torque

Effectiveness of reducing ammonia emissions from solid manure by using bio-covers

I. Knoknerienė*, I. Strelkauskaitė-Buivydienė and R. Bleizgys

Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical, Energy, and Biotechnology Engineering,
Studentu 15a, LT-53362 Akademija, Kauno r., Lithuania
*Correspondence: ieva.knokneriene@vdu.lt

Abstract:

According to the European Environment Agency, in 2021, 93 percent of ammonia was released into the environment due to agricultural activities. Almost half of the pollutants were released from cowsheds. The next significant source of pollution is liquid and/or solid manure storage facilities. Many dairy farms use liquid manure systems, but inevitably there is some solid manure produced in every cattle farm. Ammonia emissions increase when air penetrates the top layer of the manure pile. This is the reason why it is recommended to reduce the surface area of the manure piles that contact with open air. Straw, peat, sawdust, or other materials can be used as bio-covers. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficiency of bio-covers while covering solid manure. Experimental studies were carried out in field conditions, covering solid cattle manure with a > 10 cm thick layer of chopped straw. As the results show, chopped straw reduced ammonia emissions by up to 44.49 percent, but the emission declination rate is 1.85 times higher during the period when NH₃ volatilization is the most intensive.

Key words: