Peculiarities of soybean growth and development on gray forest soils

I. Didur* and H. Pantsyreva

Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Sonyachna Str. 3, UA21008 Vinnytsia, Ukraine, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-6592
*Correspondence: dim@vsau.vin.ua

Abstract:

The scientific and experimental five-year study highlighted the detailed development of technological techniques for growing soybeans under different hydrothermal growing conditions on gray forest soils. The conducted experimental studies established that under the influence of climatic factors, the duration of the growing season of soybean plants changes, and these factors, as a result, affect the field germination, the conservation factor and, as a result, the yield of plants. It has also been proven that during the ontogenesis of the plant, there are natural changes in linear dimensions depending on varietal characteristics, weather conditions and factors that were investigated. On average, over the years of research, the length of the soybean vegetation period ranged from 110 to 118 days, while the longest vegetation period was recorded on the experimental variants, where seeds were inoculated with the BTU Bioinoculant preparation and two foliar feedings were carried out in phase 3 – the third leaf and budding Helprost soybean. Starting from the flowering phase, soybean plants reacted more intensively to the studied factors. On the options where foliar fertilizing was carried out with Helprost soy mineral fertilizer (2.5 L ha^-1) against the background of inoculation with BTU Bioinoculant (2 L t^-1), the flowering period lasted 28 ± 3.6 days, which is 3 days more compared to with areas where foliar fertilization was not carried out and for 6 days – compared to the control. This is explained by the influence of a number of factors, in particular, hydrothermal, biotic, soil and anthropogenic. During the period of full ripeness, in connection with the action caused by pests and diseases, certain technological techniques and factors that were put to study, the density of plants according to the experimental options was from 488 ± 28.3 to 552 ± 34.5 thousand ha^-1.

Key words:

Effect of foliar products on the inflorescence yield of lavender and essential oil

N. Minev¹*, A. Matev¹, N. Yordanova¹, I. Milanov¹, M. Sabeva² and M. Almaliev¹

1Agricultural University - Plovdiv, 12 Mendeleev street, BL4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
²Institute of Plant Genetic Resources ‘K. Malkov’, 2 Drujba street, BL4122 Sadovo, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
*Correspondence: nikiminev@abv.bg

Abstract:

The topic of the effect of foliar fertilization on the productivity and oil content of lavender is relevant, but not sufficiently studied. The present study aims to establish the effect of foliar products on the growth, development and productivity of lavender. The field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural University – Plovdiv with lavender of ‘Jubileina’ variety during 2019–2020. The following variants were included in the study: 1. Untreated control; 2. Treatment with Fertileader Gold (FG) – 3 L ha^-1; 3. Treatment with Fertiactyl Trium + Fertileader Vital
(FT + FVital) – 1.5 + 1.5 L ha^-1; 4. Treatment with Fertileader Viti (FViti) – 3 L ha^-1; 5. Treatment with Fertileader Vital (FV) – 3 L ha^-1; 6. Treatment with Fertileader Alpha (FA) – 3 L ha^-1. Those preparations are bio stimulants for foliar application. The treatments were made in two consecutive lavender vegetation seasons. The first application was carried out in the second growing season (2019) and the second in the next, third growing season (2020). The foliar application of all tested products increased the photosynthetic activity, but it was better expressed when using the plant nutrition products FV, FViti and FT + FVital. A positive effect was also observed in the height and diameter of the bush, but during the third vegetation period. The number of flowering stems increased by 62.9%; 59.4%; 53.3% and 8.4%, respectively, when applying the fertilizers FG, FT + FVital, FViti and FV. The application of FG and FT + FVital increased the yield of fresh inflorescences by 6.1% and 3.7%. The application of the different products affected the oil yield in different ways; the application of FG, FT + FVital and FViti increased it, while FV and FA decreased it by 27 kg ha^-1 and 16 kg ha^-1, respectively, for the first vegetation and by 43.4 kg ha^-1and 33.1 kg ha^-1 for the second vegetation. The boron containing products FG, FT + FVital and FViti led to a significant increase in the essential oil yield, while the application of the foliar fertilizers FV and FA reduced it. Based on those results, the first three products are recommended.

Key words:

flower yield, foliar fertilization, Lavandula angustifolia, medicinal crops, oil content, oil yield