Effect of genotype x external environment interaction on the number of the kernel per ear of barley

V. Radic*, I. Komljenovic, S. Nastic and B. Petkovic

University of Banjaluka, Faculty of Agriculture, Bulevar Vojvode Petra Bojovica 1A, BA78000 Banjaluka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
*Correspondence: vojo.radic@agro.unibl.org

Abstract:

Genotype, external environment and their mutual interaction are determining or limiting a yield and barley tolerance to stressful conditions. This paper presents the results of a two-year study of nine selected genotypes at two localities. Aim of the investigation was determine which of the genotypes in the given production conditions gives the best results in the height and stability of yield. Based on the analysis of variance, Duncan ‘s test and interaction relations, a large variability between the examined genotypes was determined under the influence of different agroecological conditions of the locality, years of testing and their mutual interactions. All genotypes in this study achieved high yields. The highest total average yield from both localities and both years of testing was achieved by genotype 3 (8,767.99 kg ha^-1), and the lowest genotype 7 (6,075.85 kg ha^-1), which is significantly higher than the average yield in production in our country (3,150 kg ha^-1). This showed that, with the selection of quality genotypes, the application of quality agrotechnics in appropriate agroecological conditions, a higher yield can be achieved.

Key words:

Influence of fertilizer application on biomass yield and nutritional quality of Mustard Spinach (Florida) Broadleaf in South Africa

K.A. Seetseng¹, A.S. Gerrano¹*, S. Mavengahama², H.T. Araya¹ and C.P. Du Plooy¹

¹Agricultural Research Council, Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
²Crop Science Department and Food Security and Safety Research Group, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University P/Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
*Correspondence: agerrano@arc.agric.za

Abstract:

Mustard Spinach (Florida Broadleaf) is an indigenized leafy vegetable grown in Southern Africa. It is a good source of vitamins and mineral nutrients. An understanding of its response to fertilizer application is important in developing cultural practices for improved yield of the crop. Furthermore, improving fertilizer use efficiency such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) would result in improving cropping system. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 winter cropping season to determine the influence of NPK applications and their interactions on biomass yield and nutritional values of Mustard spinach. A randomized complete block design replicated four times were used for the experiment. ANOVA showed significant variation among the treatments. The values for total fresh biomass yield ranged from 252–4,510 and 820–4,982 kg ha^-1 in 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons, respectively. Omission of P had 4,510 kg ha^-1 of total fresh biomass yield, while omission of K had 4,506 kg ha^-1 in the first season. The lowest N content (2.63%) was recorded when nitrogen fertilizer was omitted. Full NPK application increased the content of N and K on the leaf tissues of Mustard Spinach. The highest percentage of dietary fiber was observed when K was omitted. The values recorded for ascorbic acid content varied from 126.94 and 117.42 mg 100g^-1, respectively for both seasons. Iron was more concentrated on the treatments, where K was omitted. Mustard Spinach responded to fertilizer application and the results validated that application of NPK had a beneficial effect on increased production and productivity of the crop tested for small scale farmers.

Key words:

dietary fibre, interaction, marketable, micronutrients, mustard spinach, nutrient omission, outperformed