Evaluation of Estonian apple cultivars and hybrids in Latvia

L. Ikase* and E. Rubauskis

Institute of Horticulture (LatHort), Graudu 1, Cerini, Krimunu pag., LV-3701 Dobeles nov., Latvia

Abstract:

Estonian apples have always been popular in Latvia. At present, ‘Tiina’ is widely grown commercially as well as in home gardens, and ‘Liivika’ is promising for organic and home orchards. A number of new Estonian apple cultivars and hybrids have been screened in 1990–2020. Several new selections by breeder Kalju Kask (Polli) are included in field trials at Institute of Horticulture – ‘Aule’, ‘Kastar’ and KK 201-2 (‘Karlote’) since 2011, ‘Kersti’ since 2014, KK 5-16 (‘Kelin’) with scab resistance gene Rvi6 and KK 2812 since 2015. Their trees were planted on dwarfing rootstock B.9 as one-year-old whips at distances 1.5×4 m, in 3 to 5 replications with 2 or 1 trees. Commercial cultivars ‘Auksis’, ‘Antei’ and ‘Zarya Alatau’ were used as controls. The highest productivity had ‘Aule’ and ‘Kastar’, the best fruit quality – ‘Aule’ and ‘Kelin’. ‘Aule’ has been highly esteemed also by some Latvian farmers. Fruits of ‘Kelin’ had the best storage, which is crucial for a cultivar’s commercial success in Latvia. On the other side, ‘Kersti’ proved to be unsuitable for Latvian conditions, having very strong tree vigour and low yields. ‘Kastar’ showed a high tendency to fruit cracking at calyx, while KK 201-2 and KK 2812 had irregular or low yields. Of newer acquisitions, scab resistant (gene Rvi6) ‘Virve’ and KK 4-11 show good preliminary results and have been propagated for trials on dwarfing rootstocks. Productivity, tree characteristics, fruit quality traits and taste panel evaluation of Estonian apples in Latvia are discussed.

Key words:

fruit quality, Malus x domestica, productivity, scab resistance, storage

Post-harvest fruit rot incidence depending on apple maturity

A. Valiuškaitė, N. Kviklienė, D. Kviklys and J. Lanauskas

Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, Babtai, Kaunas distr., LT-54333,Lithuania; e-mail: a.valiuskaite@lsdi.lt

Abstract:

The effect of fruit maturity on apple storage ability and rot development wasinvestigated in 2003–2004 at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture. Two apple cultivars ‘Ligol’ and ‘Lodel’ on M.26 rootstock were tested. Fruits were harvested 5 times at weekly intervals and were stored for six months in cold storage. Maturity index was calculated at each harvesting.Fruit quality parameters and rot incidence were evaluated after 90, 150 and 180 days ofstorage. While in storage ‘Lodel’ apple rot was caused by Monilinia sp., Gloeosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp. and Botrytis sp. Cv. ‘Ligol’ apples were infected by Monilinia sp., Gloeosporium spp. and Penicillium spp. Both tested cultivars were mostly infected by fungus of Gloeosporium genus. Cv. ‘Lodel’ was more sensitive to fungal rots.The time and intensity of rot incidence depended on cultivar, harvest date and climaticcondition during the vegetation. More rot injuries were detected on apples picked later. A significantly smaller number of rotten apples was recorded in apples picked at optimum maturity. Cold and wet weather during the ripening period determined an earlier and significantly higher occurrence of fungus during storage.

Key words: