Comparative anatomical and morphological characteristics of two subspecies of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)

N.N. Petrishina¹²*, A.V. Yena¹, N.V. Nevkrytaya², V.V. Nikolenko¹, V.S. Pashtetsky², E.F. Myagkikh², S. Babanina² and V.S. Kukhar³

¹V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Prospect Vernadskogo, 4, RU295033 Simferopol, Russia
²Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Kievskaya Str., 150, RU295453 Simferopol, Russia
³Ural State Agrarian University, Karla Libknekhta Srt., 42, RU620075 Yekaterinburg, Russia
*Correspondence: n-petrishina@list.ru

Abstract:

The aim of the research is to comprehensively compare the anatomical and morphological structures of plants of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis (‘Krymchanka’ and ‘Lada’ varieties) and of M. officinalis subsp. аltissima (Sm.) Arcang. These plants have pronounced differences in morphological features and production indexes. They are grown in the collection of aromatic plants of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea (Krymskaya Roza village, Belogorsky district of Crimea). These studies will allow us to supplement the botanical characteristics of both subspecies of M. officinalis, and also to evaluate their plasticity and possibilities of adaptation to growing conditions. For examination we collected plants in the flowering phase. Anatomical study was carried out using a fixed (alcohol: glycerin : water in a ratio of 1: 1: 1) and native preparation. A complex of mesomorphic and xeromorphic characters is established, that confirms the high plasticity and determines the adaptive capabilities of the species when introduced into various soil and climatic conditions. A variety of epidermal structures was revealed, which are represented by single and multicellular non-glandular trichomes and various types of glandular structures. Among them, trichomes with a multicellular pedicle and a unicellular head, which we found only in M. officinalis subsp. officinalis.

Key words:

Analysis of the selective value of promising Melissa officinalis L. subsp. altissima (Smith.) Arcang variety

N.V. Nevkrytаya¹, V.S. Pashtetsky¹, I.A. Novikov¹, N.N. Petrishina¹, A.V. Mishnev¹ and A.I. Repetskaya²

¹Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea (RIAC), 150 Kievskaya str., 295493 Simferopol, Republic of Crimea
²V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Prospekt Vernadskogo 4, 295007 Simferopol, Republic of Crimea
*Correspondence: nevkritaya@mail.ru

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to study a promising MD 1–17 Melissa officinalis L. subsp. altissima (Smith.) Arcang. variety sample obtained in the collection of the gene pool of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea (RIAC) in comparison with Krymchanka (selected in the RIAC) and Lada (selected in the All-Russian research Institute of medicinal and aromatic plants (VILAR) varieties of lemon balm M. officinalis L. subsp. officinalis. In 2017–2019, in the Department of Essential Oil and Medicinal Plants of the RIAC,a competitive variety trial of lemon balm varieties was conducted in accordance with the methodological recommendations for the selection of essential-oil plants. A territory where this study was conducted belongs to one of the five agroclimatic regions – the upper piedmont, warm, not enough humid; to the northern subarea with moderately mild winters. Weather conditions during the years of competitive variety trial varied significantlya fact that allowed assessing the adaptability of studied variety samples and forecasting the nature of productivity potential realization in different growing conditions. As a result, it was found that MD 1–17 variety sample significantly exceeds other varieties in terms of yield of fresh raw materials, on average, by 62.2 and 77.4%, and in yield of air-dried raw materials, on average, by 32.2 and 52.2%, respectively. In terms of obtaining essential oil from air-dried raw materials, this variety sample exceeds the best in this parameter Crimean variety Krymchanka by 56.3%. Basic components of its essential oil are caryophyllene (25.3–35.9%) and germacrene D (17.7–31.2%) with almost complete absence or insignificant amount of citral (0.1–7.3%); the proportion of latter in essential oils of Krymchanka and Lada varieties can reach 36.6% or more. Novelty of this study includes the creation of the first variety of a new promising essential oil plant –M. altissima. Raw materials of this variety and products of its processing may be of interest for different ways of use, including the perfumery and cosmetics industry, for food purposes as a component of tea compositions, etc.

Key words:

competitive variety trial, Essential oil, essential oil plants, Melissa altissima, Melissa officinalis, morphological and biological parameters, productivity parameters, variety, variety sample