Tag Archives: Multivariate analysis

xxx M.R. Islam, N. Akter, S.F. Ahmed, R.B. Rupok and M. Akter
Genotypic variation in rice tolerance to iron toxicity: insights from Bangladesh
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Genotypic variation in rice tolerance to iron toxicity: insights from Bangladesh

M.R. Islam¹*, N. Akter¹, S.F. Ahmed², R.B. Rupok¹ and M. Akter¹

¹Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gazipur Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
²Department of Crop Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Gazipur Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
*Correspondence: rafiarib@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Iron (Fe) toxicity is a major abiotic stress affecting rice production, particularly in acidic soils. Although not well-documented in Bangladesh, Fe toxicity is becoming a significant agronomic concern due to rising concentrations in irrigated soils. This study aimed to assess the tolerance of 18 rice genotypes to Fe toxicity stress based on morphophysiological and yield-related traits. A pot experiment was conducted at Gazipur Agricultural University, Gazipur, using a completely randomized design with three Fe levels: control (0 mg L⁻¹), Fe1 (600 mg L⁻¹), and Fe2 (1,200 mg L⁻¹). Results showed that increasing Fe2+ concentrations significantly affected plant height, tillering ability, chlorophyll content, and grain yield. At Fe2, total tillers per hill declined by 65.8%, and effective tillers reduced by 35.5% compared to the control. Panicle length and the number of filled grains decreased, while unfilled grains increased, indicating reproductive stage Fe stress. The SPAD chlorophyll index declined by 21.3% under Fe2, reflecting Fe-induced chlorosis. Grain yield exhibited a sharp reduction of 46.3% under Fe2, highlighting the detrimental impact of Fe toxicity on productivity. Genotypic variations were observed, with BU line 5 exhibiting the highest grain yield (0.92), effective tillers hill-1 (0.89), and lowest unfilled grains per panicle (1.26), suggesting superior tolerance. Multivariate analysis grouped genotypes based on the stress response, identifying BU line 5, BU line 13, and BRRI Dhan 28 as promising Fe-tolerant candidates. These findings highlight the critical need to breed Fe-tolerant rice varieties to mitigate yield losses in Fe-affected soils. Further research on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of Fe toxicity tolerance will facilitate breeding programs for stress-resilient rice varieties, ensuring food security in regions prone to Fe toxicity stress.

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326-340 D.A. Metlenkin, Y.T. Platov, R.A. Platova, E.V. Zhirkova and O.T. Teneva
Non-destructive identification of defects and classification of Hass avocado fruits with the use of a hyperspectral image
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Non-destructive identification of defects and classification of Hass avocado fruits with the use of a hyperspectral image

D.A. Metlenkin¹*, Y.T. Platov¹, R.A. Platova¹, E.V. Zhirkova¹ and O.T. Teneva²

¹Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Faculty of Trade Economics and Commodity Science, Department of Commodity Science, Stremyanny lane 36, RU115054 Moscow, Russia
²University of Plovdiv 'Paisii Hilendarski', Faculty of chemistry, Department of Chemical Technology, 24 Tsar Assen Str., BL4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*Correspondence: Metlenkin.DA@rea.ru

Abstract:

Sensory analysis and instrumental analytical methods are used in determining the maturity and quality monitoring of avocado fruits, which are labor-intensive and do not allow the determination of fruit quality in real time. The use of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) methods in the range of 400–1,000 nm and of the multivariate analysis was demonstrated for a non-destructive grading of Hass avocado fruits into quality classes according to the number of hidden defects. Using the sensory analysis, avocado fruits were separated into quality classes according to the number of defects after being stored for 10 days. Development of a classification model included several steps: image recording and analysis using the ANOVA and PCA method, image segmentation (selection of ROI), pre-processing (SNV-correction, centering), selection of a multivariate classification method (PLS-DA, SIMCA) and a spectral range, model verification. The analysis of hyperspectral images of avocado fruits has detected spectral regions with the maximal variance responsible for the change of the content of pigments and moisture within the avocado fruit exocarp. Comparison of PLS-DA and SIMCA models on the basis of best accuracy and test-validation results was carried out. Comparison of models showed SIMCA model as the most efficient model for fruit classification into quality classes depending on the number of hidden defects. The implementation of the developed approach as a digital avocado fruit sorting system at different stages of the product life cycle is proposed.

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56-64 A. Brangule, M. Bērtiņš, A. Vīksna and D. Bandere
Potential of multivariate analyses of X-ray fluorescence spectra for characterisation of the microchemical composition of plant materials
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Potential of multivariate analyses of X-ray fluorescence spectra for characterisation of the microchemical composition of plant materials

A. Brangule¹³*, M. Bērtiņš², A. Vīksna² and D. Bandere¹

¹Riga Stradins University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dzirciema 16,
LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
²University of Latvia, Faculty of Chemistry, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
³Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Kalku street 1, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia
*Correspondence: agnese.brangule@rsu.lv

Abstract:

This work describes a method for the rapid element analysis of plant material using ED-XRF in conjunction with chemometrics. An effective analysis method is developed by measuring certified reference materials (CRM) of plant materials (algae, cabbage, lichen) covering major chemical elements with ED-XRF, to overcome the matrix effect. All samples have been measured additionally by ICP-MS. The ICP-MS analysis was used for missing information on the concentration of some elements in certificated standards. In addition, ICP-MS with CRM has been used to determine sample related element sensitivity for microelements for ED-XRF analyses.

The ED-XRF spectral patterns were used for multivariate principal component analyses by SIMCA strategy instead of each element concentration calculation. The model allows quickly analyse samples for similarity and differentiate them based on a little difference in spectral pattern, which corresponds to a minor difference in element concentration pattern. Samples with specific chemical composition could be easily spotted for in-depth analysis.

The proposed strategy for plant material sample chemical composition screening allows the quick method to improve laboratory work efficiency, reduce unnecessary analysis and rapid method for control reliability of results of more complex chemical methods, such as ICP-MS.

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418–429 G.A.S. Ferraz, P.F.P. Ferraz, F.B. Martins, F.M. Silva, F.A. Damasceno and M. Barbari
Principal components in the study of soil and plant properties in precision coffee farming
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Principal components in the study of soil and plant properties in precision coffee farming

G.A.S. Ferraz¹*, P.F.P. Ferraz¹, F.B. Martins², F.M. Silva¹, F.A. Damasceno¹ and M. Barbari³

¹Federal University of Lavras – UFLA, Departament of Agricultural Engineering, University Campus, BR37200-000 Lavras-MG, Brazil
²Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, BR-465, Km 7, BR 23.897-000 Seropédica- RJ, Brazil
³Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura, 13, IT50145 Firenze, Itália
*Correspondence: gabriel.ferraz@ufla.br

Abstract:

In this work, a principal component analysis was performed to evaluate the possibility of discarding obsolete soil and plant variables in a coffee field to eliminate redundant and difficult-to-measure information in precision coffee farming. This work was conducted at Brejão Farm in Três Pontas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in a coffee field planted with 22 ha of Topázio cultivar. The evaluated variables were the yield, plant height, crown diameter, fruit maturation index, degree of fruit maturation, leafing, soil pH, available phosphorus (P), remaining phosphorus (Prem), available potassium (K), exchangeable calcium (Ca2+), exchangeable magnesium (Mg2+), exchangeable acidity (Al3+), potential acidity (H + Al), aluminium saturation (N(Al)), potential CEC (CECp), actual CEC (CECa), sum of bases (SB), base saturation (BS) and organic matter (OM). The data were evaluated by a principal component analysis, which generated 20 components. Of these, 7 representing 88.98% of the data variation were chosen. The variables were discarded based on the preservation of the variables with the greatest coefficients in absolute values corresponding to the first component, followed by the variable with the second highest absolute value corresponding to the second principal component. Based on the results, the variables V, OM, fruit maturity index, plant height, yield, leafing and P were selected. The other variables were discarded.

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