Tag Archives: nitrogen

xxx I.C. Dutra, A.J.V. Pires, R.R. Jardim, H.S. Silva, B.E.F. Santos, N.V. Silva, A.S. Ribeiro, G.C. Dutra, C.A.A.O. Filho, P.P.P. Publio, A.P.G. Silva and M.S. Nogueira
Productive and biochemical responses of Marandu grass under fertilization protocols
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Productive and biochemical responses of Marandu grass under fertilization protocols

I.C. Dutra*, A.J.V. Pires, R.R. Jardim, H.S. Silva, B.E.F. Santos, N.V. Silva, A.S. Ribeiro, G.C. Dutra, C.A.A.O. Filho, P.P.P. Publio, A.P.G. Silva and M.S. Nogueira

State University of Southwest of Bahia, BR45700-000, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
*Correspondence: ingriidyduutra@gmail.com

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of liming and chemical fertilization protocols, containing different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), on the photosynthetic pigments, productive characteristics and carbohydrate concentration of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Five fertilization protocols were evaluated (PK fertilizer combination; NP fertilizer combination; NK fertilizer combination; NPK fertilizer combination; and without fertilizer – control), associated or not with soil correction via liming, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The experimental units consisted of plastic pots with a capacity of 12 liters, which were filled with 10 dm³ of sandy clay loam soil. Seeds of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, with 80% cultural value were used. With the corrected soil, the NP protocol provided greater production of dry mass of residue (PMSRE), root volume, leaf area, leaf area index, total sugar content (AST) and starch in the root, compared to the other protocols. Without liming, the NP protocol provided greater production of aerial part dry mass (PMSPA), root volume, leaf aerial volume, leaf aerial index and AST content in leaves, roots and residue. The NPK protocol, with liming, was 73% higher in chlorophyll a content, 50% in carotenoid content, 90% in PMSPA, 78% in leaf area and 76.2% in leaf area index, compared to the soil without correction. The use of NP fertilization with liming is recommended as it provides positive responses on the photosynthetic pigments, productive characteristics and total sugar content of Marandu grass.

Key words:

Brachiaria brizantha, chlorophyll, limestone, nitrogen, Phosphorus, starch

1312-1323 H. Taia, A.S. Bernoussi, E. Wozniak, M. Amharref and S. El Azizi
Using hyperspectral reflectance to evaluate the impact of irrigation and fertilization on mint
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Using hyperspectral reflectance to evaluate the impact of irrigation and fertilization on mint

H. Taia¹*, A.S. Bernoussi¹, E. Wozniak², M. Amharref¹ and S. El Azizi¹

¹University Abdelmalek Essaadi of Tangier, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory CBM-VR, BP. 416, MA90000 Tangier, Morocco
²Space Research Centre of the Polish, Academy of Sciences, Bartycka 18A, PL00-716 Warszawa, Poland
*Correspondence: halima.taia@gmail.com

Abstract:

In agriculture, water and fertilizer are two limiting elements of plant growth. Indeed, the lack or the excess of one of them disturbs the yields in terms of quality and quantity. Optimal irrigation/fertilization and precisely dosed nutrient supply allow fast-growing plants to reach their full potential, offering much larger and better quality yields. To monitor agricultural crop characteristics, Hyperspectral remote sensing provides an opportunity for an efficient nondestructive method. In this paper, we present a method for smart management of water irrigation and fertilizer using remote sensing. For this purpose, a protocol has been developed to detect the effects of nitrogen nutriments and water supply on potted mint by using UV-PIR field spectroscopy. Results suggest hyperspectral remote sensing has great promise to perfect smart agriculture. In fact, with this method, the effect of nutriments and water supply have been clearly detected.

Key words:

agriculture, field spectroscopy, mint, nitrogen, nutriments, Remote sensing, water

190-206 L.G. Matevosyan, S.S. Harutyunyan, M.H. Galstyan, R.H. Osipova, A.T. Mkrtchyan, K.Sh. Sargsyan and R.R. Sadoyan
Balance and coefficients of usage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil and fertilizers by tomatoes and peppers in the conditions of Ararat Plain of Armenia
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Balance and coefficients of usage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil and fertilizers by tomatoes and peppers in the conditions of Ararat Plain of Armenia

L.G. Matevosyan, S.S. Harutyunyan*, M.H. Galstyan, R.H. Osipova, A.T. Mkrtchyan, K.Sh. Sargsyan and R.R. Sadoyan

Scientific Centre of Agriculture, Iss- Le- Mulino 1, AM 1101, Ejmiatsin, Armavir region, Armenia
*Correspondence: ss_harutyunyan@mail.ru

Abstract:

The aim of the research is to reveal the biological removal, balance and coefficient rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use from soil, organo-mineral fertilizers and microbiological concentrates by tomato and sweet pepper in the conditions of Ararat Plain of Armenia. Field experiments were carried out in 2017–2019, on typical irrigated meadow brown soils in triplicate. It has been established that at tomato yields of 50–75 t ha^-1, the biological removal of nitrogen ranges from 110 (without fertilizers) to 178 kg ha^-1 (N₁₅₀P₈₀), P₂O₅: 61–89, K₂O₅: 166–289 kg ha^-1, and at pepper yields of 23–32 t ha^-1, respectively – 55–76, 38–49 and 77–106 kg ha^-1. Tomato utilization rates from the soil (unfertilized version) are: N: 118, P₂O₅: 37, K₂O: 8%, and the negative balances are respectively: 107, 67 and 109 kg ha^-1, similar data for pepper were recorded at: N: 59, P₂O₅: 23, K₂O: 4% and 52, 44, 20 kg ha^-1. From fertilizers, tomato absorbs 27–45% nitrogen, 11–48% P₂O₅ and 48–72% K₂O with negative balances (N: 15–55, P₂O₅: 14–76, K₂O: 34–79 kg ha^-1), in poultry litter the balance P₂O₅ = + 94.2 kg ha^-1. For pepper, however, these data were respectively amounted to: N: 6–14, P₂O₅: 10–15, K₂O: 9–20%, and the balances were positive. Microbiological concentrates (Azoto + phosphate Barvar) showed poor effectiveness as compared to organo-mineral fertilizers. It was also found that the lower the amount of a mobile element in the soil, or in the fertilizer dose, the higher its utilization rate and vice versa.

Key words:

balance, coefficients of usage, nitrogen, organo - mineral fertilizers, pepper, Phosphorus, potassium, soil, tomato

1581-1596 A.A. Seixas, D.D. Fries, D.L.S. Dias, I. A.P.S. Santos, N.T. Cruz, F.A. Teixeira, P. Bonomo and F.P. Amaral Júnior
Carbohydrate and protein metabolism of marandu grass affected by nitrogen fertilisation and number of cuts
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Carbohydrate and protein metabolism of marandu grass affected by nitrogen fertilisation and number of cuts

A.A. Seixas¹*, D.D. Fries², D.L.S. Dias³, I. A.P.S. Santos¹, N.T. Cruz¹, F.A. Teixeira², P. Bonomo² and F.P. Amaral Júnior⁴

¹State University of Southwest Bahia, Post-graduate programme in Animal Science, Spring Square, 40, Spring, 45700000, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
²State University of Southwest Bahia, Department of Exact and Natural Science,
Spring Square, 40, Spring, 45700000, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
³State University of Feira of Santana, Department of Biological Sciences, New Horizon, 44036900, Feira of Santana, Bahia, Brazil
⁴4State University Paulista Júlio of Mesquita Filho, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Scienses of Jaboticabal, Vila Industrial, 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
*Correspondence: angelseixas11@hotmail.com

Abstract:

Understanding the metabolism of tropical grasses in response to management practises imposed in pastoral environments allows for improvements in the management and use of mineral fertilisers. This study aimed to quantify metabolite content in different plant parts of Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha), with a specific focus on the influence of nitrogen fertilisation and its effects following successive cuts. The treatments corresponded to four nitrogen (N) rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha^-1) and the number of cuts (one, two and three cuts). The plants were fractionated into leaves, stems, and roots to assess the content of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), starch, albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin content. N fertilisation influenced the WSC and starch content in different parts of the plant, varying according to the cuts made. In the leaves and roots, fertilisation reduced the content of WSC and starch with one cut, as these were utilised as energy sources for assimilating the excess nitrogen in the soil. There was an increase in the concentration of all protein groups with nitrogen fertilisation in all parts of the plant with one cut. In plants cut two and three times, N fertilisation led to specific increases and decreases in different parts of the plants as an adaptive strategy for allocating resources as the number of cuts increased. Our results broaden our understanding of carbohydrate and protein metabolism in tropical grasses, thereby providing subsidies for the rational use of nitrogen fertilisers.

Key words:

cuttings, grasses, nitrogen, regrowth, reserves

629-635 A. Adamovics and I. Gutmane
The influence of nitrogen fertilization and legume species on the productivity of multi-species swards in four production years
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The influence of nitrogen fertilization and legume species on the productivity of multi-species swards in four production years

A. Adamovics* and I. Gutmane*

Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela iela 2, LV 3001 Jelgava, Latvia
*Correspondence: aleksandrs.adamovics@llu.lv; iveta.gutmane@seklas.lv

Abstract:

The aim of current research was to investigate forage yield and crude protein content of legume-grass mixtures during four years of sward use, applying three nitrogen (N) fertilisation rates: N0, N60, and N120. Three perennial legume species – red clover Trifolium pratense (Tp), lucerne Medicago sativa (Ms) and fodder galega Galega orientalis (Go) were tested in mixtures with grasses (G). Mixtures were composed of 50% of legumes and 50% of grasses. Lucerne and fodder galega are introduced forage legume species in Latvia, and are raising an ever-growing interest in Latvia. The studies of persistency, quality and yielding ability of these legume species in Latvian agroclimatic condition in comparison with traditionally used red clover are actual. Significant differences in dry matter (DM) yields were found between successive production years, mixtures, and N fertilization rates. The highest average DM yield was found for the mixture with lucerne (Ms+G). The decline in productivity between the first and fourth production years was more expressed for red clover mixture, but a more stable productivity was demonstrated by swards with galega (Go+G). The N rate increase contributed to a significant DM yield increase for all mixtures. The positive effect of the increased N rates on DM yield increase was better expressed for red clover mixture (Tp+G). Red clover mixture (Tp+G) had the lowest average crude protein (CP) content. Mixture with galega had a higher CP content in the third and fourth production years. The CP content of red clover mixtures increased by nitrogen rate.

Key words:

crude protein, grass-legume mixture, nitrogen, persistency

595–600 O. Shchuklina, R. Afanasiev, I. Voronchikhina, I. Klimenkova and A. Komkova
Differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers based on optical sensor readings
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Differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers based on optical sensor readings

O. Shchuklina¹*, R. Afanasiev², I. Voronchikhina¹, I. Klimenkova¹ and A. Komkova¹

¹Federal State Budgetary Institution of Sciences Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Distant hybridization, Botanic street 4, RU127276 Moscow, Russia
²All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry named after D.N Pryanishnikov, Pryanishnikova street 31A, RU127434, Moscow, Russia
*Correspondence: oashuklina@gmail.com

Abstract:

The article considers the method of variable rate application of top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers in spring barley crops in the system of precise agriculture. The principle of is based on the in-process diagnosis of plants state in key phases of development and the introduction of necessary dose of top dressing in specific field areas. To assess the plants state, a GreenSeeker optical sensor, which measures the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The tailored application of top dressing increases the yield of spring barley grain by 14.2% compared to the application of fertilizers with one calculated rate for the entire plot or field (Skudra, 2017, Hamann, 2020).

Key words:

agriculture., ammonium nitrate, fertilizers, nitrogen, precision agriculture, spring barley, top dressing

2581-2591 P. Šařec, O. Látal, P. Novák, J. Holátko, V. Novák, T. Dokulilová and M. Brtnický
Changes in soil properties and possibilities of reducing environmental risks due to the application of biological activators in conditions of very heavy soils
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Changes in soil properties and possibilities of reducing environmental risks due to the application of biological activators in conditions of very heavy soils

P. Šařec¹*, O. Látal², P. Novák³, J. Holátko⁴, V. Novák¹, T. Dokulilová⁴⁵ and M. Brtnický⁴⁵

¹Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Machinery Utilization, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 000 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
²Agrovýzkum Rapotín Ltd., Rapotín, Výzkumníků 267, CZ788 13 Vikýřovice, Czech Republic
³Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Agricultural Machines, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 000 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
⁴Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Geology and Pedology, Zemědělská 1, CZ61 300 Brno, Czech Republic
⁵Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Zemědělská 1, CZ61 300 Brno, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: psarec@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

This study aims at verifying the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) and of selected activators (Z’fix and NeoSol) on changes of soil properties. Their application should lead to improvement of soil physical properties and of organic matter fixation, to reduction of environmental risks, e.g. of tillage energy requirements. Experimental variants (0.7 ha each) were as follows: I (FYM with Z’fix); II (FYM with Z’fix + NeoSol); III (FYM); IV (Control NPK only). FYM was applied at rates: 50 t ha^-1 (2014); 30 t ha^-1 (2016). Additional NPK fertilizer (I–IV) was applied according to annual crop nutrient normative. The agent Z’fix was used as an activator of FYM biological transformation (5.5 kg t^-1). The agent NeoSol was used as soil activator (200 kg ha^-1; annually). In order to verify the effect, cone index, bulk density, tillage implement draft and chemical soil components (Humus, C/N ration and Ntot) were measured annually. Compared to the control, the application of FYM combined with the mentioned agents (I–III) increased Ntot more than two times. Moreover, it decreased (I–III) bulk density by 8.7%. Tillage implement draft decreased by 3% after the application of FYM with Z’fix (I, II). The study confirmed that FYM application combined with utilization of activators positively influenced soil fertility and helped to reduce environmental risks.

Key words:

bulk density, C/N ratio, cone index., Farmyard manure, humus, implement draft, nitrogen

2220–2232 J.A. Chávez, J.L. Alcántara-Flores, R.C. Almiray-Pinzón, E. Díaz-Cabrera, R. Pérez-Avilés, M.E. Patiño-Iglesias and M.A. Mora-Ramírez
Vegetative growth response of beets and lettuce to stored human urine
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Vegetative growth response of beets and lettuce to stored human urine

J.A. Chávez¹, J.L. Alcántara-Flores²*, R.C. Almiray-Pinzón³, E. Díaz-Cabrera³, R. Pérez-Avilés², M.E. Patiño-Iglesias² and M.A. Mora-Ramírez³*

¹University of Puebla, Faculty of Phys. Sci. Math., Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Edif., FM1-101B, Ciudad Universitaria, postal code 72570, Pue., Puebla, México
²University of Puebla, Science Institute, Av. San Claudio, Edif FM8 111-D, San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Pue., México
³University of Puebla, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physico Mathematics, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, 72570 Puebla, Pue.,
*Correspondence: jlaf7@yahoo.com.mx; marco.x.mora@gmail.com

Abstract:

In this work, we present the experimental results of the effect of stored human urine (SHU) on the growth of beets (Beta vulgaris L) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). We apply different amounts of SHU according to the recommended dose of nitrogen, considering soil from farmland and vermiculite as substrates. The last allows us to determine with high precision the isolated effect of SHU over the vegetative development of beet plants, without considering other nutrients present in common soils. Experimental results demonstrate that the application of SHU has no significant effects on lettuce vegetative growth under our soil conditions. In contrast, SHU can be used successfully as a fertilizer of beets. The optimum dose was found at 120 kg N ha^-1 and resulted in average dry weight of 125 g. However, if the dose exceeds the optimum levels, the growth of the plant is inhibited. Beets fertilized with SHU does not pose any hygienic risk for human consumption. Our findings represent a promising alternative to propose expanding the use of SHU as fertilizer in medium-sized greenhouses and to provide benefits to families in rural areas, with little or no available water supplies.

Key words:

beets, fertilizer, human urine, lettuce, nitrogen

559–573 M. Latati, N.Y. Rebouh, A. Aouiche and M. Laouar
Modeling the functional role of the microorganisms in the daily exchanges of carbon and nitrogen in intercropping system under Mediterranean conditions
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Modeling the functional role of the microorganisms in the daily exchanges of carbon and nitrogen in intercropping system under Mediterranean conditions

M. Latati¹*, N.Y. Rebouh², A. Aouiche³ and M. Laouar¹

¹Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Département de Productions Végétales. Laboratoire d’Amélioration Intégrative des Productions Végétales (C2711100). Rue Hassen Badi, El Harrach DZ16200 Alger, Algérie
²University of Russia (RUDN University) Department of AgroBiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture,Peoples' Friendship, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya street, RU117198 Moscow, Russia
³Ecole Supérieure des Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaires (ESSAIA), Avennue Ahmed Hamidouch Route de Beaulieu, El Harrach, DZ16200 Alger, Algérie
*Correspondence: m.latati@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestration in plants and soil micro-organisms is considered as a major phenomenon against global warming. The modeling of this phenomenon aims at highlighting the role that the legumes-cereals mixed crop can play in the reduction of greenhouse gases. It is based on field experiments in maize (Zea mays L.)-common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropped system of the cereal agroecosystem in Setif region of Algeria. For this purpose, the MOMOS model was selected and validated in a calcareous soil and low phosphorus (P) conditions. It revealed some mechanisms that control the C and N sequestration in the compartments of the complex soil-plant-atmosphere-microorganism system. CN modeling results show that the daily growth of intercropped maize with common beans is positively correlated with the microbial CN transformation during the cropping cycle, under limited P and N conditions. Thus, this approach revealed the functional role of rhizobial symbiosis in maintaining the balance between the different C and N exchanges from soil to atmosphere and from atmosphere to soil.

Key words:

carbon, intercropping, modeling, nitrogen, sequestration

1202-1214 M. Golabadi, P. Golkar and B. Bahari
Remobilization assay of dry matter from different shoot organs under drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Remobilization assay of dry matter from different shoot organs under drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

M. Golabadi¹*, P. Golkar² and B. Bahari¹

¹Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Collage of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 81595-158 Isfahan, Iran
²Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, P.O. Box: 84156-2781 Isfahan, Iran
*Correspondence: m.golabadi@khuisf.ac.ir

Abstract:

Remobilization of dry matter during the grain filling period in wheat is capable of helping the plant recover its grain yield under drought stress. In this study, the genotypic variation of different traits related to dry matter remobilization were measured in seven genotypes of wheat under the three different environment conditions of well-watered, drought stress at heading stage with application of extra nitrogen fertilizer (30%), and drought stress in Isfahan, Iran. Analysis of variance showed that the genotypes were different not only in their dry matter remobilization from the spike, the stem, the peduncle, and the leaf sheath but also in their current photosynthesis. Different environmental conditions were found to affect dry matter remobilization from the leaves and sheath, current photosynthesis, grain yield, and the relative contributions by the stem and the spike to grain yield. The highest values of spike and stem contribution to grain yield were obtained under drought stress while current photosynthesis was found to be the sole supplier for grain filling in normal conditions. Application of extra nitrogen fertilizer under drought stress was found to reduce the loss of grain yield in some genotypes as a result of enhanced vegetative growth, reserve accumulation, and dry matter remobilization to the grain.

Key words:

nitrogen, photosynthesis., spike, stem, water deficit.