The laboratory estimation of essential oils as biological methods against black cherry aphids M. cerasi

M.A.S. Eisa¹, O. Matsera¹²* and Ľ. Cagáň¹

¹Plant protection Department, Institute of Agronomical Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku, 2, SK94901 Nitra, Slovakia
²Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry Department, Agronomy and Forestry Faculty, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Sonyacha Str., 3, UA21000 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
*Correspondence: matsera.olga.vnau@gmail.com

Abstract:

Plants’ essential oils play a considerable role in the plant integrated protection systems against harmful insects. Therefore the aim of our study was to find the potential repellency and toxicity effects of essential oils (EOs) from Allium sativum L., Ocimum basilicum L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill, Eucalyptus globulus, Labill and Curcuma longa L., and two chemical substances DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) and 2-Undecanone on the black cherry aphids Myzus cerasi. Repellent peculiarities were evaluated at five different concentrations: 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5%, with 4 replications at the interim of 15 and 30 minutes for an olfactometer test and mortality was evaluated after 2, 6 and 24 hours for insecticidal activity test. The repellent index was most influenced by the concentration of essential oil; the percentage of influence was 64%. At the same time, the highest repellency index 95% was achieved at a concentration of 1.5% when using essential oils of A. sativum and E. globulus, as well as when using 2-Undecanone within 30 minutes of waiting. A contact toxicity (mortality) test in Petri dishes showed efficacy for all tested oils and chemicals after a 6-hour treatment period. The lowest concentration that ensured 100% insect mortality was 0.9% when using E. globulus essential oil. The lowest lethal concentration (LC₅₀) value of 0.00240mL/10 mL was obtained with O. basilicum oil and the lowest LC₉₈ value of 0.28209mL/10 mL was obtained with E. globulus oil after a 6-hour treatment period.

Key words:

Myzus cerasi, Olfactometer, plant protection, repellent peculiarities, toxicity

Odour reduction of manure through addition of boracic charcoal

G. Hampejs¹*, A. Jäger¹, S. Steiner¹ and K. Steiner²

¹University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bio & Environmental Technology, Stelzhamerstr. 23, AT4600 Wels, Austria
²HBLA Ursprung, Ursprungstraße 4, AT5161 Salzburg Austria
*Correspondence: g.hampejs@fh-wels.at

Abstract:

Odours released during the land application of manure results from different gases released from the liquid phase. These gases do create objectionable odours in the vicinity of the land-applied manure. In order to reduce the intensity of odour during manure application, we investigated the effectiveness of combining Borkohle with manure during land application.
Boracic acid is widely used as a flame retardant in cellulose insulation. During demolition of existing buildings, this insulation is sorted into its own residual waste fraction. The cellulose fibres are extracted and pelletized on site. Subsequently, the pellets are charred in a pyrolysis furnace. The resulting Borkohle – charcoal containing boron in various compounds – can be used as a soil enhancer and provides the trace element Boron to the fields. Furthermore, Borkohle provides long-term storage of carbon in the soil. Initial trials of combining boracic charcoal with manure additionally showed that odour emissions seemed to be significantly lower when manure was combined with Borkohle.
This work presents methods to quantify the odour reductions resulting from the addition of Borkohle to manure as well as first results. Parameters like the influence of the amount of charcoal added and exposure time have been investigated.
Charcoal was added at concentrations between 5 and 250 g L^-1. While applying typical amounts of charcoal, a reduction of odour concentration of up to 85% was observed. A positive correlation between odour reduction and the amount of charcoal added was observed. Charcoal has a negligible effect when exposure times are less than 30 minutes.

Key words: