Tag Archives: organic fertiliser

1150–1158 E. Shalavina, A. Briukhanov and R. Uvarov
Effective application of mass balance method: case of organic fertiliser produced from pig slurry
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Effective application of mass balance method: case of organic fertiliser produced from pig slurry

E. Shalavina*, A. Briukhanov and R. Uvarov

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM”, branch in Saint Petersburg, Department of Agroecological Engineering, Filtrovskoje shosse, 3, p.o. Tiarlevo, RU196625 Saint Petersburg, Russia
*Correspondence: shalavinaev@mail.ru

Abstract:

The study aimed to verify the applicability of the mass balance method in calculating quantity and quality of an organic fertiliser produced from unseparated pig slurry in a pig-fattening complex in the Leningrad Region. The amount of manure at ex-animal level and its nutrient content, required for further calculations of ex-housing manure and resulting organic fertiliser at ex-storage, were calculated by applied diets and feed DM digestibility. Calculated values were compared with the norms from relevant Russian regulatory documents. The regulatory values of manure nitrogen were 22% smaller than the calculated ones. On the contrary, the standard values of manure phosphorus and potassium exceeded the calculated ones by 72% and 73%, respectively. The nutrient content of the organic fertiliser was calculated by the farm data on pig housing and slurry processing systems. The values calculated by the mass balance method were compared with those from the analysis reports issued by the certified laboratory. The difference did not exceed 20%: 11.2% for N, 13.3% for P, and 18.7% for K. This way, the mass balance method can be effectively used for calculating the characteristics of pig slurry-based organic fertiliser. On the contrary, the data from the current regulatory manure management documents showed the low reliability in the part of the physicochemical properties of fattening pig manure. These documents do not take into account the changes in the fattening pig diets with modern special concentrated feeds, which have a major effect on the manure nutrient content.

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2465-2477 M. Lanno, M. Silm, M. Shanskiy, A. Kisand, K. Orupõld and M. Kriipsalu
Open windrow composting of fish waste in Estonia
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Open windrow composting of fish waste in Estonia

M. Lanno¹*, M. Silm², M. Shanskiy¹, A. Kisand², K. Orupõld³ and M. Kriipsalu⁴

¹Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Soil Science, Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi 5, EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
²Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi 5, EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
³Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Environmental Protection and Landscape Management, Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi 5, EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
⁴Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Chair of Rural Building and Water Management, Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi 5, EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: marge.lanno@emu.ee

Abstract:

By-catch fish is caught unintentionally during the fishing and is currently thrown back in water bodies to cause the water pollution. Currently fishermen does not have a motivation to bring the by-catch fish to the shore, as it needs to be sorted by fish species, causing fishermen extra work without additional income. Estonian Ministry of Rural Affairs decided to give funding to present study with purpose to find solution to this matter. One possible solution for by-catch fish utilization is to produce high value nutrient rich fertilizer in order to close nutrient cycle and return valuable nutrients into soil. The adaptive study of outdoor windrow composting was conducted with consecutive treatments, rather than simultaneously, in order to make adaptive improvements to the set-up of each consecutive treatment. The consecutive treatments showed that fish waste composting is manageable from a technical perspective, feasible in a temperate climate, and that this type of compost holds high potential as an organic fertiliser or soil improver. Composting process started rapidly and, as required by the EU Commission regulation EU 142/2011, temperatures exceeded 70 °C for at least 1 h in all windrows. While initial treatments suffered from odours, as well as events inhibitive to the composting process, these disadvantages were successfully avoided in later treatments by adding a biofilter and inoculant from previous composting windrows, as well as lake sediments. Rather than disposing of low-value fish, these can be recycled into stable and nutrient-rich compost on-site, near fishing harbours.

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1479–1486 E. Shalavina, A. Briukhanov, E. Vasilev, R. Uvarov and A. Valge
Variation in the mass and moisture content of solid organic waste originating from a pig complex during its fermentation
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Variation in the mass and moisture content of solid organic waste originating from a pig complex during its fermentation

E. Shalavina*, A. Briukhanov, E. Vasilev, R. Uvarov and A. Valge

Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM (FSAC VIM) 3, Filtrovskoje Shosse p.o. Tiarlevo, RU196625 Saint Petersburg, Russia
*Correspondence: shalavinaev@mail.ru

Abstract:

The focus of the study was the fermentation of an organic waste mixture originating from a pig-rearing complex. The organic waste was processed in the laboratory-scale drum fermenter. Through the fermentation process, the fermented material was weighed by a system of four strain gauges installed under the fermenter. In our previous study, the following initial mixture characteristics were justified to have the fermentation process going – 65% to 70% moisture content and 400–600 kg m-3 density. The optimal operation mode of the fermenter was identified depending on the initial mixture composition – aeration frequency of 5 min h-1; air consumption of 11.3 m3 h-1 per 1.7 m3 of the fermenter volume; drum rotation interval – three times every 12 hours. Under this operating mode, the mass loss was 3% already on the third fermentation day and 7% – on the fifth day. As a result, the mass of the finished organic fertiliser was 9% smaller than that of the loaded mixture. The moisture content of the processed material also decreased: under the average moisture content of the loaded mixture of 68.7%, the average moisture content of the organic fertiliser was 66.4%. Based on the resulting experimental data, the mathematical models describing the dependence of the mass and moisture content of the processed material on the fermentation time were created. The study outcomes allow concluding that the solid-state aerobic fermentation is one of the promising options for the utilisation of the solid fraction of pig slurry.

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