Resistance of the soft winter wheat varieties to pests and their productivity in the northern forest-steppe zone

S. Polishchuk¹, L. Holyk¹, N. Havryliuk¹, L. Kuzmenko¹, M. Shtakal¹, N. Tkachenko¹, V. Bulgakov², S. Ivanovs³ and A. Rucins³*

¹National Scientific Centre, Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine, 2 b, Mashinobudivnikiv Str., Chabany vil., Kyiv - Svyatoshin Dist., UA 08162 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Engineering and Energetics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Ulbroka Research Centre, 1 Instituta Str., LV 2130 Ulbroka, Ropazu Region, Stopinu Municipality, Latvia
*Correspondence: adolfs.rucins@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

There are highlighted the results of research in order to determine the field and laboratory resistance of the winter wheat varieties in a competitive variety testing at the National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of NAAS (2016–2020) against pests, and the level of their productivity is assessed. Among the studied varieties of winter wheat, varieties with complex resistance were found: to cereal aphids, wheat thrips powdery mildew and brown leaf rust – variety Efektna; to cereal aphids, wheat thrips and leaf rust – varieties Polisianka, Pyriatynka, Krasunia Poliska, Vodohrai, Kesariia Poliska, Myroliubna, Romanivna, Pamiati Hirka, and standard Lisova Pisnia St. When varieties were grown without the use of fungicides, insecticides and growth regulators, their yield varied over the years from 2.99 t ha^–1 to 10.71 t ha^–1. The best varieties of soft winter wheat in terms of their productivity were identified in the northern Forest – Steppe zone, which are included in the State Register of the plant varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine – Kesariia Poliska (7.67 t ha^–1), Pyriatynka (7.10 t ha^–1), Myroliubna (7.08 t ha^–1), Merezhka (6.77 t ha^–1), Kraeivyd (6.71 t ha^–1), Pamiati Hirka (6.61 t ha^–1), Polisianka (6.51 t ha^–1) and Efektna (6.36 t ha^–1). Consequently, with proper selection of the winter wheat varieties, it is possible to significantly limit the harmfulness of pests and diseases, to reduce the amount of the used pesticides, to increase the grain productivity, and to improve its commercial and seed quality.

Key words:

allelic state of a gene, diseases, pests, productivity, resistant varieties, winter wheat

Cultivation possibilities for Thyme, an important medicinal plant, in Western Lithuania

R. Nekrošienė

Botanical Garden of Klaipėda University, Kretingos 92, LT–92327 Klaipėda, Lithuania;tel. + 370 46 398833, fax. + 370 46 398837; e-mail: rita_nekrosiene@mail.ru

Abstract:

The cultivated medicinal plant production covers only 4–6% of the demand for raw material of the pharmaceutical industry in Lithuania, suggesting that medicinal plant cultivation may be an alternative business for organic farming. Phenology and biological parameters (plant height in flowering phase, number of twigs, air-dry mass), occurrence of diseases and pests of some medicinal plants, as Thymus serpyllum, T. pulegioides and T. vulgaris were studied in the field collection at the Botanical Garden of Klaipeda university (Western Lithuania) in 2001–2006. It was established that the beginning of the vegetation period of T. pulegioides was the same in different years. The amount of precipitation and average air temperature at the beginning of vegetation had influence on the preparation time of medicinal material by thyme, especially T. pullegioides and T. vulgaris. Air-dry mass of T. pulegioides was by 4–18 g m-2 more than the mass of T. serpyllum and T. vulgaris. Pests infected Thymus by 4.5–8.8%; severity of diseases varied from 0.5 to 4.5% in different years.

Key words: