The influence of agroecological and agrotechnological factors on the generative development of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleifera Metzg.)

Y. Tsytsiura

Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry,
Sonyachna street, 3, UA21008 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
Correspondence: yaroslavtsytsyura@ukr.net; yaroslav301974@gmail.com

Abstract:

During the eight-year research period, we determined the peculiarities and regularities of morphological (length and diameter) and anatomical (stem thickness) features of oilseed radish pods considering their location within the generative part of plants for different types of spatial structure of the inflorescence generated in agrocenosises of different densities. We carried out the analysis and statistical grouping of morphological features of oil radish pod in the full range of possible technological options of pre-sowing construction of its agrocenosises, as well as within the selected three zones (tiers) of inflorescence by the nature of variation and variability of morphoparameters pod, namely, lower, middle and upper. We described in detail the stages of pod formation (microstages ВВСН 69-87) considering features of its linear and radial growth, peculiarities of formation of general internal anatomical structure with analysis of mathematical and statistical regularities of changes in these parameters in accordance as per order of its placement within an inflorescence (separately main axis and system of lateral branches). We determined the optimum technological intervals for the construction of oilseed radish agrocenosises, which ensure the combination of appropriate levels of morphometry formation of its fruit elements with the predicted level of reproductive effort and seed productivity. We made a general assessment of the peculiarities of formation of pod technological effectiveness in terms of ease of threshing and possible losses of seeds depending on the complex of factors under study.

Key words:

Research into properties of blue melilot and fenugreek cultivated using different sowing times

I. Fedosiy¹, І. Bobos¹, O. Zavadska¹, O. Komar¹, O. Tonkha¹, M. Furdyha², S. Polishchuk³, M. Arak⁴ and J. Olt⁴*

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15, Heroyiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Institute of Potato Growing of NAAS of Ukraine, 22 Chkalov Str., Nemishaeve Vlg, Borodyanka Dist., UA07853 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
³National Scientific Centre, Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine, 2b, Mashinobudivnikiv Str., Chabany vil., Kyiv-Svyatoshin Dist., UA08162, Kyiv Region, Ukraine
⁴Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, 56 Kreutzwaldi Str., EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: jyri.olt@emu.ee

Abstract:

The paper presents the results of the research into the properties of blue melilot (Melilotus caeruleus (L.) Desr.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) with regard to the set of their economy-and-biology and biochemical indices in relation to the dates of their sowing. It has been established that the two species under consideration feature wide ranges of index variability depending on the sowing term and the weather conditions. The earliest ripening terms have been recorded for species in case of summer sowing dates (decade I of June), when short growing season lengths of 36–37 days were observed. At the same time, in terms of heavy plant herbage yield obtained from species in the green conveyor system, the early spring (decades II–III of April) and late spring (decade I of May) sowing terms are more suitable providing
a herbage yield of 5.7–6.9 t ha^–1 in case of blue melilot and 7.3–9.3 t ha^–1 for fenugreek, with a solids content of 12.4–28.4%, total sugars of 2.5–5.0% and vitamin C – 38.0–51.8 mg (100 g)^-1. For the purpose of obtaining the spice named ‘Greek hay’ (foenum Graecum), a better choice is to cultivate fenugreek with early spring (decades II–III of April) and late spring (decade I of May) sowing times, as in this case a greater vegetation mass develops, resulting in a plant dry weight yield of 1.3–1.4 t ha^–1. An increase in the total precipitation by 1 mm has contributed to the variation of the herbage yield within the range of 15.0 to 77.3 kg ha^–1, dry matter yield – 0.693 to 25.9 kg ha^–1. High seed yield has been noted in case of sowing the species in early spring (decades II–III of April), where the seed yield of blue melilot was equal to 0.4 t ha^-1, fenugreek – 2.0 t ha^‑1, their 1,000 seeds having a weight of 0.71 and 9.7 g, respectively.

Key words:

blue melilot, fenugreek, herbage and dry weight, pod, sowing time, yield