Efficiency of technology elements for growing winter wheat on typical chernozem
¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Agrobiological faculty, 12А, 13 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses, 2-B Mashynobudivnykiv Str., UA08162 Chabany, Kyiv region, Ukraine
³National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Scientific staff and post-graduate studies Department, 9 Omelyanovich-Pavlenko Str., UA01010 Kyiv, Ukraine
⁴State Institution Soils Protection Institute of Ukraine, 3 Babushkina lane, UA03190 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: o.havryliuk@nubip.edu.ua
Abstract:
The use of traditional tillage
technologies in short-rotational crop rotations increases the cost of
agricultural production and has a negative impact on the environment. The
research was aimed at establishing and improving the ways winter wheat yield increase
in short-rotational crop rotations depending on the efficiency of the main
tillage system and fertilizing on typical chernozems s in conditions of
unstable moisture in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted
at the Department of Agrochemistry National Scientific Centre Institute of
Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses at the Panfil Research
Station of the National Scientific Center Institute of Agriculture of the
National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in a stationary technological experiment,
on typical low-humus chernozem in 2 short rotation crop rotations with the
following crops rotation: crop rotation 1 – winter rape (Brassica napus L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), grain maize (Zea mays),
spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L); crop rotation 2 – soybean (Glycine
max (L.) Merrill), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L),
sunflower (Helianthus annuus), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L).
The article presents the results of research in two short-rotation crop
rotations with the placement of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) after
winter rape (Brassica napus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
against the background of two tillage systems: ploughing (25–27 cm) and
no-till (direct sowing). The impact of different methods of soil cultivation
and fertilizing systems on the humus content and nutrient regime of typical
chernozems in the agrocenosis of winter wheat was determined. It was
established that in winter wheat, placed after winter rapeseed and soybeans,
there is a tendency to increase the humus content under zero tillage up to 15%
relative to the control (without fertilizers) and from 5–14% relative to
moldboard tillage (25–27 cm ploughing). The most effective in nutrient
accumulation was fertilizing system N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90) applied after rape and after soybean. Respectively, the content of mobile
phosphorus compounds increased by 10–18% and potassium by 1.3–2.0 times
compared to the control (without fertilizers) with the advantage of
no-tillcultivation technology. The given comparative assessment of the yield
formation of winter wheat when growing it after different pre-crops showed that
the average yield of winter wheat grain in both cultivations on the control
option for the soybean pre-crop was 3.55 t ha-1 and 4.00 t ha-1 for rape. The highest increases in grain yield on average over the years of
research were provided by the fertilizing system of 50–54% (N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90))
for growing winter wheat after soybeans and 39–47% (N(90)P2О5(90) K2О(90)) on the winter rape
pre-crop with the advantage of moldboard tillage (ploughing) in crop
cultivation technologies. The fertilizing system with the introduction of N(16)P2О(16)K2О(16) has the prospect of spreading because, in terms of the formation of typical indicators
of chernozem fertility and the yield of winter wheat grain, it approaches
technologies with the introduction of N(120)P2О5(90–60)K2О(100–90) with significant cost savings for mineral fertilizers.
Key words:
fertilizing system, productivity, short-rotational crop rotations, soil nutrient regime, tillage system, winter wheat