Effect of electric vehicle mass change on energy consumption and the range

D. Berjoza¹, I. Jurgena² and R. Millers¹*

¹Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Institute of Engineering and Energetics, 5 J. Cakstes blvd. LV–3001, Jelgava, Latvia
²Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Economics and Social Development, Institute of Business and Management Science, Svetes Street 18, LV–3001, Jelgava, Latvia
*Correspondence: dainis.berjoza@lbtu.lv; inara.jurgena@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

The use of industrially produced electric cars has increased significantly in the last 13 years. The year 2010 can be considered the initial stage of mass production of electric cars when the manufacture of the Mitchubishi I–MiEV and the Nissan LEAF was started. For modern electric cars, the battery mass can reach up to 770 kg. If the electric car is intended for long distances, the large mass and capacity of the battery is justified because it is put to good use. If the electric car is mainly used in urban driving mode, an increase in the mass of a heavy battery can reduce the range or energy consumption per km. To identify the effect of change in the mass of an electric car on the amount of electricity consumed, experimental studies were carried out with a converted electric car Renault Clio. A 10 kWh battery with a mass of 125 kg was used for the electric car. A road experiment was conducted in Jelgava city on a route that included streets of different traffic intensity with two different loads for the electric car. With an additional load for the electric car, the mass increase was simulated as if the mass of the battery was doubled. The road experiment showed that on the same city route, an increase in the mass of the electric car increased energy consumption by 5.8%, which in turn increased operating costs.

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Theoretical research into directional stability of trailed tandem- type disk harrow

V. Bulgakov¹, J. Olt², V. Nadykto³, V. Volskiy⁴, S. Polishchuk⁵, A. Aboltins⁶ and H. Beloev⁷

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,15 Heroyiv Oborony Str., UA 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology, 56 Kreutzwaldi Str., EE 51006 Tartu, Estonia
³Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, 18B Khmelnytsky Ave, UA 72310 Melitopol, Zaporozhye Region, Ukraine
⁴National Scientific Centre, Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Electrification, 11 Vokzalna Str., Glevakcha 1, Vasylkiv District, UA 08631 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
⁵National Scientific Centre, Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine, 2b, Mashinobudivnikiv Str., Chabany vil., Kyiv-Svyatoshin Dist., UA 08162, Kyiv Region, Ukraine
⁶Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Cakstes Blvd. 5, LV 3001 Jelgava, Latvia
⁷University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”, 5, Studentska Str., BG 7017, Ruse, Bulgaria
*Correspondence: jyri.olt@emu.ee

Abstract:

Disking is one of the methods of soil cultivation, provides its effective crumbling, loosening, partial mixing and soil inversion. This ensures that crop residues on the soil surface are shredded and intermixing with loosened soil particles. Since, in addition to crop stubble, weeds are also counted as crop residues, soil disking, along with the use of herbicides, is often regarded as the most effective method of controlling the weediness of the agricultural background. Despite the fact that numerous studies on the disk harrow working process are available, insufficient attention has been paid to the study of the stability of harrowmachine-tractor units, especially trailed ones. The purpose of this study is to establish the theoretical patterns that would provide for selecting the trailed disk harrow parameters that ensure the desired directional stability of the implement, which, in its turn, helps to achieve the desired qualitative performance of the disk harrowing machine-tractor unit. The principles of the theory agricultural machine, analytical mechanics, higher mathematics, as well as methods of PC-assisted numerical calculations have been used. According to the results of the study, it has been established that sufficient directional stability of the trailed disk harrow can be ensured if its working width B, the distance from the hitch point to the centre of resistance (parameter d) and the operating speed 𝑉𝑜 are properly selected. Determining the above-mentioned parameters of the disk harrow with the use of the obtained new analytical relations ensures achieving just their optimal combination, which provides for the maximum field productivity of the harrowmachine-tractor unit with the satisfactory stability of disk harrow movement in the horizontal plane.

Key words:

disk harrow, dissipation; quasi-elasticity, speed, stability, working width