Peculiarities of quality formation of apples(Malus domestica Borkh.) of ‘Dmiana’ variety

L. Shevchuk¹²*, Y. Vintskovska², R. Grynyk², S. Babenko², B. Mazur¹ and V. Tonkha²

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Henerala Rodimtseva Str. 19, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Sadova Str. 23, UA03027 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondce: l.shevchuk_2021@ukr.net

Abstract:

The appearance, size and taste of fruit are among the main indicators of quality and marketability. These characteristics are determined by the content and ratio of biochemical components, which are influenced by the biotic and abiotic factors involved in cultivation. Studies have shown that the dry matter content of Dmina fruits is independent of rootstocks and planting schemes. However, the sugar content was significantly higher in fruits grown on M.26 rootstock with a planting scheme of 4.0×1.0 m and significantly lower in fruits grown on M.9 rootstock with the same planting scheme: 11.3% and 9.8%, respectively. Titratable acids were found in fruits grown on rootstock M.9 with a planting scheme of 4.0×0.5 m. In addition to the influence of planting scheme and rootstock, weather conditions also affected the biochemical content of Dmina fruits. Cool nights during the initial growth and development period contributed to dry matter accumulation, but negatively affected sugar synthesis. The correlation coefficients for all rootstock variants were higher than 0.703 and 0.911, respectively. The content of titratable acids depended significantly on the average daily and night-time air temperatures in the month before harvesting; this dependence was indirect and the correlation coefficients were high in all variants with rootstocks.

Key words:

Content of biologically active substances in sweet cherry fruits at different stages of fruit development in the conditions of the living mulch

T. Gerasko¹*, S. Pyda², Yu. Paschenko¹, I. Ivanova¹, L. Pokoptseva¹ and T. Tymoshchuk³

¹Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Department of Plant Production and Horticulture, B. Khmelnitsky Av., 18, UA72310 Melitopol, Zaporizhia Region, Ukraine
²Volodymyr Hnatyuk Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Department of Botany and Zoology, Maksyma Krivonosa Str., 2, UA46000 Ternopil, Ternopil Region, Ukraine
³Polissia National University, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Health of Phytocenoses and Trophology, 7, Staryi Blvd, UA10008 Zhytomyr, Ukraine
*Correspondence: tetiana.herasko@tsatu.edu.ua

Abstract:

Сontent of soluble solids, sugars, titrated acids, ascorbate, glutathione, phenolic substances, anthocyanins, total reducing activity of fruits tissues in sweet cherry fruits studied at different stages of fruit development during 2018 and 2019 in an organic sweet cherry orchard (Prunus avium L. / Prunus mahaleb) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to determine how the living much conditions (compared to bare fallow) affect the content of biologically active substances in sweet cherry fruits at different stages of ripening. It was determined that the fruits of sweet cherry accumulated significantly more ascorbate, phenolic substances and anthocyanins in the conditions of living mulch (compared to the fruits of the trees on bare fallow). So, at the stage of picking ripeness, the content of ascorbate in sweet cherry fruits in the conditions of living mulch was 29 and 22% more compared to bare fallow (respectively, in 2018 and 2019), phenolic substances – by 47 and 23%, anthocyanins – by 36 and 26%. The revealed regularities can be explained by stressful conditions of competition with natural herbs, which activate the synthesis of anti-stress, antioxidant biologically active substances in plant tissues (including fruits). Since it is the antioxidants of the fruits that have a physiological value for humans, it can be stated that the fruits grown in the conditions of living mulch have a higher therapeutic and preventive value than the fruits grown on bare fallow.

Key words:

ascorbate, glutathione, phenols, sweet cherry; living mulch; sugars, titrated acids