Tag Archives: Triticum aestivum L

xxx A. Rakov, Y. Dmytrenko, R. Spriazhka and Y. Zaika
The starting material is the basis of heterotic wheat breeding
Abstract |
Full text PDF (508 KB)

The starting material is the basis of heterotic wheat breeding

A. Rakov¹*, Y. Dmytrenko¹, R. Spriazhka¹ and Y. Zaika¹²

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
15 Heroyiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 68 Tsentralna Str., village Central, Myronivskyi district, UA08853 Kyiv region, Ukraine
*Correspondence: a.rakov@nubip.edu.ua

Abstract:

This study addresses key aspects of developing initial breeding material for heterosis breeding in bread winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the context of climate change and threats to food security, particularly in Ukraine, the creation of new high-yielding hybrids resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses is of paramount importance. The research involved a comprehensive assessment of 78 winter wheat varieties from the Ukrainian National Gene Bank. Field trials were conducted during 2022–2024 at the Agronomic Research Station (Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine) using a randomized complete block design with three replications.

The study focused on morphological and physiological traits influencing cross-pollination efficiency, including anther extrusion (VAEX-method scored on a 1–9 scale), plant height (cm), flowering synchrony (days from January 1 to heading), spike characteristics, grain yield (t ha⁻¹), and resistance to pathogens (septoria, powdery mildew; % leaf area affected) and winter hardiness (1–9 score).

Cluster analysis revealed three distinct groups with specific breeding potential. Group 1 (Achim, Mescal, Yuvileyna Patona) demonstrated the highest spike productivity (61.2–63.6 grains/spike; grain mass 2.8–3.4 g) and yield (6.1–6.2 t ha-1). Female components (Group 2: Altigo, Soborna, Taira) exhibited short plant height (71.4–78.2 cm) and early heading time (140.3–144.0 days). Male components (Group 3: Zoreslava, Metelytsya Kharkivska, Urbanus, Liryka Bilotserkivska, and Kyivska 17, etc.) were characterized by tall plant height (80.3–89.8 cm) and high anther extrusion (6.3–7.5 score).

A topcross mating design is proposed for further evaluation of combining ability and heterosis effects. The results provide a foundation for the development of hybrid wheat breeding programs under Ukrainian conditions, with an emphasis on parental lines with complementary flowering biology and agronomic performance.

Key words:

, , , , ,



1128-1145 O.A. Demуdov, V.V. Kyrylenko, I.V. Pravdziva, O.V. Humeniuk, N.S. Dubovyk, Yu.M. Suddenko, R.M. Los, B.A. Olefirenko, O.V. Radchenko and T.V. Shadchyna
Influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators
Abstract |
Full text PDF (565 KB)

Influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators

O.A. Demуdov¹, V.V. Kyrylenko¹, I.V. Pravdziva¹*, O.V. Humeniuk¹, N.S. Dubovyk², Yu.M. Suddenko¹, R.M. Los¹, B.A. Olefirenko¹, O.V. Radchenko³ and T.V. Shadchyna¹

¹The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine, 68 Tsentralna Str., UA-08853 Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, Ukraine
²Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Department of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production, Sq. Soborna 8/1, UA-09100 Bila Tserkva city, Kyiv region, Ukraine
³State Enterprise ‘Experiment Farm ‘Elita’ of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine’, 68 Tsentralna Str., UA-08853 Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, Ukraine
*Correspondence: irinapravdziva@gmail.com

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of growing location, hydrothermal growing season conditions, variety, sowing date, and preceding crop on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators. The research was conducted during 2018/19–2020/21 in two locations for two sowing dates after sunflower and soybean as the preceding crops. Four varieties of winter bread wheat were evaluated according to grain, flour, dough, and bread quality indicators. A higher variability of winter wheat grain quality indicators was noted between the years of the study in the conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Location 1) (CV = 2.7–32.6%) compared to the conditions of the northeastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Location 2) (CV = 1.9–18.0%). The determining influence of the variety on test weight (38.32%), volume of bread (30.22%), wet gluten content (25.65%), protein content (18.55%), porosity of bread crumb (18.17%), and sedimentation value (15.02%) was established. The most influence of the growing location on deformation energy (37.43%) and dough tenacity (35.29%) was revealed The decisive influence of the interaction year × location on 1,000 kernel weight (21.30%) was established. To obtain higher flour-milling properties, winter wheat varieties are recommended to be sown in the third decade of September after sunflower, and to obtain higher baking properties – in the first decade of October after soybeans. By sowing the varieties Podolianka and MIP Yuvileina, it is possible to obtain grain with high flour-milling and bread-making properties, that is, grain balanced in terms of quality.

Key words:

, , , , , ,