Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of different potato varieties

A. Makaraviciute

Elmininkai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Dvaro 6, N. Elmininkai, Anykš?iai district, LT-4930, Lithuania; e-mail: elmininkai@anyksciai.omnitel.net

Abstract:

The effect of different fertilizers on potato tuber yield and its quality was investigated at the Elmininkai Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture during 1997-1999. Potatoes of 10 varieties belonging to different maturity groups were grown on plots with different fertilization. The following potato varieties were investigated: the extra early ‘Venta’ and ‘Ukama’, the early ‘Voke’, the medium early ‘Mirta’ and ‘Karolin’, the medium late ‘Hertha’, ‘Saturna’ and ‘Agria’, and the late ‘Aistes’ and ‘Speci’.
It was established that different fertilizers, varietal properties and meteorological conditions during the potato vegetation period significantly influenced the yield and quality of different potato varieties. The highest potato tuber yields (20.1–29.6 t ha^-1) of all the tested varieties were harvested when one-component and complex mineral fertilizers with microelements had been applied, the lowest (14.6–21.7 t ha^-1) when manure (60 t ha^-1) had been used in spring. The highest starch and dry matter content had potatoes of the following varieties: the early ‘Voke’ (up to 16.3% and 22.6%, respectively), the medium early ‘Karolin’ (up to 15.6% and 21.8%, respectively), the medium late ‘Saturna’ (up to 17.4% and 23.7%, respectively) and the late ‘Speci’ (up to 16.3% and 22.6%, respectively). The 1998 vegetation period was the most favourable for potato tuber yield, and the 1997 vegetation period for the accumulation of starch and dry matter. The vegetation period of 1999 was the most unfavourable both for potato tuber yield and the accumulation of starch and dry matter.

Key words:

The effect of pre-planting treatment of seed tubers on potato yield formation

V. Eremeev, J. Jõudu, A. Lõhmus, P. Lääniste and A. Makke

Department of Field Crop Husbandry, Estonian Agricultural University, Kreutzwaldi 64, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: slava@eau.ee

Abstract:

In the trials conducted in 2000–2002, we examined possibilities for growing potato using different methods of pre-planting treatment of seed tubers.
The varieties exploited were ‘Varajane kollane’ (early), ‘Piret’ (medium early) and ‘Ants’ (medium late). There were used the following ways of treatment for all varieties: PS – pre-sprouting, TT – thermal treatment and 0 – tubers not treated.
The dynamics of tuber yield formation during the vegetation period was significantly influenced by the weather. In terms of potato growth, weather conditions were the most favourable in 2001. The weather in 2000 and 2002 was not the most suitable for potato growth and development, and the yield in these years proved lower than the three-year average.
The average results from the three years show that potatoes could not realise their full potential to reach maximum yield. Pre-planting germination and thermal treatment had positive effects during the entire vegetation period, the effect being stronger at the beginning and then gradually decreasing.
Pre-planting treatment of seed tubers had a different effect on varieties with different growing times.
A comparison between the varieties showed that ‘Piret’ and ‘Varajane kollane’ started to form tubers early and thus exceeded the development of the variety ‘Ants’ until the 60^th day of growth. ‘Ants’ reached its maximum yield, 47.0 t ha^-1, already by the 114^th day, followed by the fast-ripening ‘Varajane kollane’ and the medium-ripening ‘Piret’. Thermal treatment did not give any advantage in terms of total yield formation compared to untreated seeds, except for the pre-planting germination variant of the variety ‘Varajane kollane’, the total yield of which exceeded that of its untreated variant by 7.08 t ha^-1.

Key words:

dynamics, pre-sprouting, storage, thermal treatment, variety, weather conditions