Tag Archives: vegetable oil

868–876 C. Nuortila, S. Heikkilä, R. Help, H. Suopanki, K. Sirviö and S. Niemi
Effects of storage on the properties of rapeseed oil and alcohol blends
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Effects of storage on the properties of rapeseed oil and alcohol blends

C. Nuortila*, S. Heikkilä, R. Help, H. Suopanki, K. Sirviö and S. Niemi

University of Vaasa, School of Technology and Innovations, P.O. Box 700, FIN-65101 Vaasa, Finland
*Correspondence: carolin.nuortila@univaasa.fi

Abstract:

Kinematic viscosity and density are important fuel properties because they influence fuel atomisation during injection into the engine cylinder. The viscosity and density of neat vegetable oils usually are too high to allow optimal use of these oils in compression ignition engines. Blending vegetable oils with alcohols can improve these properties, but it is not known whether the blend properties remain stable during storage. This study measured kinematic viscosity (at 40 °C), density (at 15 °C) and surface tension of rapeseed oil-alcohol blends that had been stored in closed borosilicate glass bottles at room temperature in the dark for 49 weeks. The values were compared with those of the fresh blends. Further measurements of oxidation stability for the rapeseed oil and the blends were taken after 72 weeks of storage. The blends consisted of rapeseed oil with ethanol at 5 vol–%, and rapeseed oil with 1–butanol at 5 vol–%, 10 vol–%, 20 vol–% and 30 vol–%. All in all, the observed changes during storage were small. Density values deviated by less than 1%, surface tension by no more than 3% and kinematic viscosity differed from the fresh blends’ values by 1% to 8%. Surface tension had increased in some blends and decreased in others. Kinematic viscosity rose in all blends, with the smallest increase measured for the rapeseed oil–butanol 30 vol–% blend. This blend also showed the best oxidation stability, which was close to six hours.

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1686-1697 A. Kabutey, D. Herak, C. Mizera and P. Hrabe
Mathematical description of loading curves and deformation energy of bulk oil palm kernels
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Mathematical description of loading curves and deformation energy of bulk oil palm kernels

A. Kabutey¹*, D. Herak¹, C. Mizera¹ and P. Hrabe²

¹Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamycka 129, CZ16521 Prague, Czech Republic
²Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Sciences and Manufacturing Technology, Kamycka 129, CZ16521 Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: kabutey@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

The study aimed at describing the experimental and theoretical relationships between the force and deformation curves as well as the deformation energy of bulk oil palm kernels under compression loading. Vessel diameters of 60, 80 and 100 mm with initial pressing heights of the bulk kernels measured at 40, 60 and 80 mm were examined by applying a maximum compressive force of 200 kN and a speed of 5 mm min-1. For the theoretical description of the force and deformation curves, the tangent curve mathematical model was applied using the MathCAD 14 software where the force coefficient of mechanical behaviour, A (kN), the deformation coefficient of mechanical behaviour, B (mm-1) and the fitting curve function exponent, n (-) were determined respectively. The determined coefficients in addition to the maximum deformation values obtained from the compression test were used for the estimation of the theoretical or analytical deformation energy. The determined regression models expressing the deformation, numerical energy and theoretical energy as well as the tangent model coefficients A and B dependent on the vessel diameter and pressing height were statistically significant (P < 0.05) or (F-ratio > F-critical). Improving the mechanical pressing of oil extraction for both domestic and industrial applications still remain a concern of researchers and engineers.

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985-996 J. Čedík, M. Pexa, M. Holůbek, D. Mader and R. Pražan
Effect of sunflower and rapeseed oil on production of solid particles and performance of diesel engine
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Effect of sunflower and rapeseed oil on production of solid particles and performance of diesel engine

J. Čedík¹*, M. Pexa¹, M. Holůbek¹, D. Mader¹ and R. Pražan²

¹Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department for Quality and Dependability of Machines, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
²Research Institute of Agriculture Engineering, Drnovská 507, CZ161 01 Prague 6, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: cedikj@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

The development of biofuels for compression ignition engines is heading primarily to utilization of vegetable oils. Combusting of 100% vegetable oil in unmodified CI engine is usually not possible due to higher viscosity of the vegetable oil. In order to use 100% vegetable oil in CI engine the oil needs to be preheated, esterified or hydrotreated. Alternatively, in order to use raw vegetable oil in CI engine without preheating it is possible to use vegetable oil – diesel fuel blends or vegetable oil – butanol – diesel fuel blends in order to lower the viscosity of the fuel. The contribution focuses on comparison of the effect of sunflower and rapeseed vegetable oils on operational parameters of the turbocharged compression ignition engine, especially on production of solid particles. The measurement was carried out according to standardized NRSC test cycle. 5% and 20% concentration of vegetable oils in diesel fuel were used as a test fuels for the measurement while the diesel fuel was used as a reference. The count and size of solid particles were measured by means of EEPS particle analyser. Based on the measured values it can be stated that the slight increase of performance parameters occurred with strong effect on emissions production, especially on production of solid particles.

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613-620 M. Pexa, J. Čedík,, J. Mařík, V. Hönig, Š. Horníčková and K. Kubín
Comparison of the operating characteristics of the internal combustion engine using rapeseed oil methyl ester and hydrogenated oil
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Comparison of the operating characteristics of the internal combustion engine using rapeseed oil methyl ester and hydrogenated oil

M. Pexa¹, J. Čedík¹,*, J. Mařík¹, V. Hönig², Š. Horníčková² and K. Kubín³

¹Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department for Quality and Dependability of Machines, Kamýcká 129, CZ16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic; *Correspondence: cedikj@tf.czu.cz
²Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Chemistry, Kamýcká 129, CZ16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic
³Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, p.r.i., Drnovská 507, CZ16101 Prague 6, Czech Republic

Abstract:

The issue of the use of alternative fuels in diesel engines is discussed in this paper. The purpose is to reduce the dependence of EU Member States on fuels of petroleum origin. One of the possibilities is the use of oils from biological materials. The use of the oil in standard engines is not usually possible. The engine modification or the fuel modification is necessary. Esterification or hydrogenation of oils can be used as the fuel modification. Impact of these changes on the operational characteristics of a turbocharged internal combustion engine is observed in the paper. The internal combustion engine of the tractor Zetor Foretrra 8641 was used for testing. This engine was burdened using a dynamometer to the PTO. Performance and fuel consumption of the engine were monitored during measurement. As fuels the 100% rapeseed methyl ester and 100% hydrogenated oil was elected. Based on the results we can say that the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine does not change significantly when using these fuels.

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