Influence of weather conditions on winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) overwintering

V. Polishchuk¹, D. Konovalov² and А. Brovdi¹*

¹Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Forestry and Landscape Gardening, Instytutska Str., UA20305 Uman, Ukraine
²Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 31/17 Vasylkivska Str., UA03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: abrovdi@ukr.net

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of hydrothermal conditions, duration of winter and varietal characteristics on the sugar content in tillering nodes and, accordingly, on wintering of м plants in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The direct dependence of the amount of sugars in the tillering nodes of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the sum of effective temperatures and the duration of autumn vegetation was established. It was found that under the most favorable conditions prevailing in the autumn growing season of 2019, with the sum of effective temperatures of 984.6 °C and the duration of the autumn growing season of 76 days, the amount of accumulated sugars was 4.7% higher compared to 2016, and was 30.6%. It was found that over the years of research, the sugar content in the tillering nodes of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was higher in mid-season varieties, but there was no significant difference in varieties within the same maturity group, which confirms the high adaptability of the studied varieties to the soil and climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Favorable climatic conditions in autumn and winter over the years of observation ensured good growth and development of plants in the pre-winter period and contributed to the accumulation of optimal amounts of sugars in tillering nodes, which ensured high winter survival of plants of all winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. The lowest percentage of overwintering was observed in Gorodnitsa variety at 98.8%, and the highest in Astarta variety with an average of 99.8% over the years of research.

Key words:

Adaptability of apricot varieties in the Right-Bank Subzone of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

O. Ignatenko¹, N. Moiseichenko¹, D. Makarova¹, H. Trokhymchuk¹, V. Vasylenko¹, O. Havryliuk²*, O. Kishchak¹, Y. Honcharuk¹ and V. Hrusha¹

¹Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Sadova Str., UA03027 Novosilky, Kyiv Region, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony Str., 13, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: o.havryliuk@nubip.edu.ua

Abstract:

The research reveals the main reasons that prevent the extension of commercial apricot plantations in Ukraine and worldwide. This brief description includes eight cultivars from Ukrainian and foreign breeding programmes. The trials conducted in the Right-Bank subzone of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The plants from Ukrainian breeding programme ‘Melitopolskyi Ranniі’, ‘Botsadivskyi’, ‘Siaivo’, ‘Kumir’, ‘Osoblyvyi Denysiuka’, as well as the foreign one – ‘Robada’, ‘Harogem’, ‘HJA-19’, were distinguished by high adaptability to the complex of adverse overwintering factors in the above-mentioned region. These samples did not lose the acquired level of frost resistance under the influence of provoking thaws. A comprehensive assessment of drought resistance, based on water-holding capacity, turgor recovery degree, water deficiency, and leaves’ hydration of the presented varieties, established that all variants of the experiment were not inferior to the best popular cultivars. According to the the biological feature of buds’ formation at an early age, the cultivars ‘Robada’ and ‘HJA-19’ were characterized as early-fruiting. The yield and quality indicators for the 2021–2022 years of research were evaluated. Average fruit weight was noted in all samples, with the cultivar ‘Siaivo’ exceeding the average. To improve the assortment and enrich the apricot gene pool collections with the best samples suitable for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine, according to the results of the study, the following researched cultivars were included in the collection of valuable samples of the common apricot gene pool of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: ‘Melitopolskyi Ranniі,’ ‘Botsadivskyi,’ ‘Siaivo,’ and ‘Osoblyvyi Denysiuka’. These cultivars are sources of productivity and adaptability to abiotic factors of cultivation (winter and frost resistance, drought resistance). They are certified by the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.

Key words:

abiotic factors, fruit quality, hydration, Prunus armeniaca, water deficiency, winter hardiness