Metabolite profiling, terpenoid and kaurenoic acid production of Adenostemma platyphyllum at different concentrations of hydroponic solutions in the wick system
¹IPB University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Departement of Chemistry, ID16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
²IPB University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Graduate Program of Chemistry, ID16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
³IPB University, Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, 16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
⁴IPB University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, ID16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
⁵Gifu University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, JP501-1193, Gifu, Japan
*Correspondence: ime@apps.ipb.ac.id
Abstract:
Adenostemma platyphyllum, a medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, has gained increasing attention due to its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with diverse therapeutic properties but has not been widely cultivated. This work aims to obtain the optimum concentration of AB-mix solution to produce higher terpenoid and kaurenoic acid, as well as metabolite profiling in cultivating A. platyphyllum using a hydroponic wick system. This research uses a one-factor randomized block design of different concentrations of AB-mix nutrient solutions. Total terpenoids were quantified using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method, total kaurenoic acid was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and the metabolite profiling was analyzed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instrument. Several terpenoid compounds have been identified in A. platyphyllum, including Ent-17-Oxo-15-kauren-19-oic acid, andrographolide, cafestol, alpha-Farnesene, curcumene, as well as ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (11αOH-KA) and 11α,15-dihydroxy-16-kauren-19-oic acid (11α,15OH-KA), which belong to the kaurenoic acid group. The plants had the highest total terpenoid and kaurenoic acid found in 1,300 mg L-1 nutrient concentrations. On the other hand, the highest terpenoid and kaurenoic acid productivity were found in plants with 900 and 1,300 mg L-1 AB-mix solution, respectively. Therefore, the optimum concentration of nutrient solution to produce optimum terpenoid and kaurenoic acid levels in A. platyphyllum cultivation by hydroponic wick system was 1,300 mg L-1.
Key words:
Adenostemma platyphyllum; hydroponic; kaurenoic acid; plant growth; total terpenoid