Influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators

O.A. Demуdov¹, V.V. Kyrylenko¹, I.V. Pravdziva¹*, O.V. Humeniuk¹, N.S. Dubovyk², Yu.M. Suddenko¹, R.M. Los¹, B.A. Olefirenko¹, O.V. Radchenko³ and T.V. Shadchyna¹

¹The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine, 68 Tsentralna Str., UA-08853 Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, Ukraine
²Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Department of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production, Sq. Soborna 8/1, UA-09100 Bila Tserkva city, Kyiv region, Ukraine
³State Enterprise ‘Experiment Farm ‘Elita’ of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine’, 68 Tsentralna Str., UA-08853 Tsentralne village, Obukhiv district, Kyiv region, Ukraine
*Correspondence: irinapravdziva@gmail.com

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of growing location, hydrothermal growing season conditions, variety, sowing date, and preceding crop on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators. The research was conducted during 2018/19–2020/21 in two locations for two sowing dates after sunflower and soybean as the preceding crops. Four varieties of winter bread wheat were evaluated according to grain, flour, dough, and bread quality indicators. A higher variability of winter wheat grain quality indicators was noted between the years of the study in the conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Location 1) (CV = 2.7–32.6%) compared to the conditions of the northeastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Location 2) (CV = 1.9–18.0%). The determining influence of the variety on test weight (38.32%), volume of bread (30.22%), wet gluten content (25.65%), protein content (18.55%), porosity of bread crumb (18.17%), and sedimentation value (15.02%) was established. The most influence of the growing location on deformation energy (37.43%) and dough tenacity (35.29%) was revealed The decisive influence of the interaction year × location on 1,000 kernel weight (21.30%) was established. To obtain higher flour-milling properties, winter wheat varieties are recommended to be sown in the third decade of September after sunflower, and to obtain higher baking properties – in the first decade of October after soybeans. By sowing the varieties Podolianka and MIP Yuvileina, it is possible to obtain grain with high flour-milling and bread-making properties, that is, grain balanced in terms of quality.

Key words:

ANOVA, coefficient of variation, growing season hydrothermal condition, location, preceding crop, Sowing date, Triticum aestivum L

Aphid complex associated with potato in agro-climatic conditions of Kosovo

F. Musa¹, D. Krasniqi² and S. Musa¹*

¹University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Plant Protection Department, Boulevard Bill Clinton p.n. Prishtina, XK10000 Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
²Phytosanitary Corporate Sara&Meti sh.p.k. Prishtina. Analytical, Food and Agriculture Laboratory, Street Kamer Loshi No.76. XK10000 Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
*Correspondence: sarandamusa1@gmail.com

Abstract:

Field surveys for aphids infesting potato crops in three most important localities for potato production in Kosovo (Podujevë, Prishtinë and Vushtrri) were conducted in vegetation seasons of 2018–2019. With the purpose to monitor and confirm the aphid composition in potatoes, aphid leaf count was used as a method which is applied worldwide. Sampling for aphids from the leaves of potato plants was undertaken during cropping season, every 10 days, where 100 leaves were taken at random and checked in triplicates, from each field. During of this experimental work, the following aphid species were registered Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Aphis nasturtii and Aulacorthum solani. From the total number of aphids recorded (4,210 individuals), the following percentage belongs to the different aphids: M. persicae (57.24%), A. nasturtii (25.72%), A. solani (7.77%), M. euphorbiae (5.68%), and other none identified aphids (3.59%). Relying on the results of this research we have confirmed to exist statistical significant differences with regard to the number of aphid’s species according to the localities and aphids that infests the potatoes. With the goal to manage and control aphids spread infields with potatoes, it is extremely useful to evaluate and to see the possibility for an Integrated Management against these pests at farmer level.

Key words: