Tag Archives: Avena sativa

335-346 A. Ortega-Ortega, J.C. Jiménez-Galindo, R.Á. Parra-Quezada, J.L. Jacobo-Cuellar, Teresita D. J. Ruiz-Anchondo, J.J. Salmerón-Zamora, P.B. Zamudio-Flores and R.A. Malvar
Osmotic stress tolerance in forage oat varieties (Avena Sativa L.) based on osmotic potential trials
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Osmotic stress tolerance in forage oat varieties (Avena Sativa L.) based on osmotic potential trials

A. Ortega-Ortega¹*, J.C. Jiménez-Galindo²*, R.Á. Parra-Quezada¹, J.L. Jacobo-Cuellar¹, Teresita D. J. Ruiz-Anchondo¹, J.J. Salmerón-Zamora¹, P.B. Zamudio-Flores³ and R.A. Malvar⁴

¹Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Agrotechnological Sciences Faculty, V. Carranza y Escorza s/n, Col. Centro, Chihuahua, 31000 Chihuahua, México
²National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research, Av. Hidalgo No 1213, Cuauhtémoc, 31500 Chihuahua, México
³Research Center in Food and Development, A.C., Cuauhtemoc Unit, Av. Rio conchos s/n, Parque Industrial, Apartado Postal 781, Cuauhtemoc, 31570 Chihuahua, Mexico
⁴Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Apartado 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
*Correspondence: capacitadorortega.arraigate@gmail.com; cruz2477@yahoo.com.mx

Abstract:

Forage oats (Avena sativa L.) are globally important for milk and meat production, and, to a lesser extent, for the human diet. In Mexico, oats are a strategic crop, occupying the fourth place in cultivated area, only after maize for grain, bean, and sorghum for grain. Droughts are the main problem for oat production in Mexico. This study evaluated the germination and seedling growth of several oat varieties in response to drought stress simulated by PEG-6000 treatments of different osmotic pressure in order to identify drought-resistant genotypes. The Teporaca genotype was the most outstanding in the three levels of OP compared to its control with 0.0 of Osmotic Potential (OP). The Teporaca genotype showed the largest root length and the lowest diminishment of root length under osmotic stress conditions. This genotype also had the largest shoot length in the three osmotic stress levels. Regarding root fresh weight, Babicora stands out with 98.5% and Teporaca with 43% in the most severe level. Teporaca, Menonita, and Babicora showed the outstanding root dry weights of 346.5%, 327.2%, and 251.2%, respectively. These varieties had higher root dry weight than their own controls in water in the most severe level of OP. In conclusion, the Teporaca, Menonita, and Karma genotypes showed the highest osmotic stress tolerance and could be used as sources of favorable alleles to improve oat drought tolerance.

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2022-2032 L. Edesi, T. Kangor, V. Loide, R. Vettik, I. Tamm, H.J. Kennedy, M. Haljak, Ü. Tamm, T. Võsa, K. Tamm, T. Talve and E. Karron
Effects of lake sediment on soil chemical composition, dehydrogenase activity and grain yield and quality in organic oats and spring barley succession
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Effects of lake sediment on soil chemical composition, dehydrogenase activity and grain yield and quality in organic oats and spring barley succession

L. Edesi¹*, T. Kangor², V. Loide¹, R. Vettik¹, I. Tamm², H.J. Kennedy³, M. Haljak², Ü. Tamm², T. Võsa¹, K. Tamm¹, T. Talve¹ and E. Karron¹

¹Estonian Crop Research Institute, Department of Agrotechnology, Aamisepa 1, EE48309 Jõgeva alevik, Estonia
²Estonian Crop Research Institute, Department of Plant breeding, Aamisepa 1, EE48309 Jõgeva alevik, Estonia
³Estonian Crop Research Institute, Department of Development, Aamisepa 1, EE48309 Jõgeva alevik, Estonia
*Correspondence: liina.edesi@etki.ee

Abstract:

In organic farming, it is important to maintain soil fertility with organic fertilisers; often organic compost, manure, or slurry is used. However, the effects of lake sediment in maintaining and improving soil fertility are less studied. The direct and residual effects of a one-time application of 50 t ha-1 or 100 t ha-1 of lake sediment were compared to an unfertilised control for oats (Avena sativa) (2015) followed by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in 2016, under organic farming conditions. Soil chemical composition, microbial activity in the 0–20 cm soil layer, grain yield, and grain quality were tested. The application rate, 100 t ha-1, increased (P < 0.05) the soil organic carbon (SOC), the amount of mobile calcium (Ca), total nitrogen (Ntot), and boron (B) content in soil. Both application rates increased (P < 0.05) the amount of magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) content in the soil. The application rate had no effect on soil pH. Soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was higher (P < 0.05) at 100 t ha-1 than the control and the lower application rate. Both rates of lake sediment application significantly (P < 0.05) increased the grain yield and test weight for oats in 2015. Positive residual effects on spring barely yield only occurred in the 100 t ha-1 treatments in 2016. No residual impact of lake sediment was found on spring barely quality.

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417-420 L. Urbanavičienė, D. Valiūnas and R. Jomantienė
Detection of aster yellows group (subgroup 16SrI-B) phytoplasma in oats based on nested PCR and RFLP in Lithuania
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Detection of aster yellows group (subgroup 16SrI-B) phytoplasma in oats based on nested PCR and RFLP in Lithuania

L. Urbanavičienė, D. Valiūnas and R. Jomantienė

Institute of Botany, Plant Virus Laboratory,Žaliųjų Ežerų 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; e-mail: urbanala@botanika.lt

Abstract:

Phytoplasma strains were detected in oats (Avena sativa L.) in Lithuania exhibiting disease symptoms of stunting, sterile, deformed and yellow spikes. A phytoplasma-characteristic 1.8 kb and 1.2 kb rDNA PCR products were amplified from DNAs of all diseased but not healthy oat plants tested, using phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 confirming that symptomatic plants were infected by phytoplasma. Phytoplasma was termed oat stunt (OatSt). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplified 16S rDNA indicated that diseased oats were infected by phytoplasma belonging to the group 16SrI (aster yellows, AY, group) and subgroup 16SrI-B. This is the first report of phytoplasma belonging to 16SrI (aster yellows) group and 16SrI-B phytoplasma subgroup identified in oat plants.

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