Tag Archives: climate change

822-837 F. Gustiar, Susilawati, F. Pratama, D.W. Widjajanto, R.P. Ria, S.A. Muda and L.A.P. Setyawan
Drought stress and selective manure on the growth and yield of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) in a tropical climate
Abstract |

Full text PDF (681 KB)

Drought stress and selective manure on the growth and yield of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) in a tropical climate

F. Gustiar¹*, Susilawati¹, F. Pratama¹, D.W. Widjajanto², R.P. Ria¹, S.A. Muda³ and L.A.P. Setyawan¹

¹University of Sriwijaya, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy,
Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km 32 Indralaya, Ogan Ilir 30662, Indonesia
²Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture Sciences, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto No.50275, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
³University of Muhammadiyah Palembang, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Jl. Jendral A. Yani, Palembang 30139, Indonesia
*Correspondence: fitragustiar@unsri.ac.id

Abstract:

Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) is a nutrient-dense, perennial leafy vegetable with great potential to support food security, especially in tropical regions. As a drought-tolerant plant, chaya is suitable for cultivation under changing climate conditions, including prolonged dry seasons. However, limited research has examined its specific response to varying levels of drought stress and organic fertilizer application. This study aimed to assess the growth and yield response of chaya under different irrigation volumes and manure types. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2024 in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, using a factorial randomized block design with two factors: irrigation volume (250 mL, 500 mL, 750 mL per two days) and manure type (no manure, chicken manure, and goat manure). Each treatment combination was replicated three times. Results showed that severe drought stress (250 mL) significantly inhibited plant growth, particularly in terms of shoot length and leaf area. Chicken manure improved soil moisture retention, maintaining levels up to 25% under drought conditions. In contrast, goat manure was more effective in supporting plant growth and yield under limited water availability. These findings suggest that combining appropriate organic amendments with optimized irrigation can enhance the resilience of chaya cultivation in tropical dryland environments.

Key words:

climate change, dry season, manure, perennial vegetables

1362-1376 K. Vasylkovska, O. Andriienko, V. Malakhovska , O. Vasylkovskyi, A. Andriienko and T. Shepilova
Analysis of effective sunflower cultivation zones using the example of Ukraine
Abstract |

Full text PDF (850 KB)

Analysis of effective sunflower cultivation zones using the example of Ukraine

K. Vasylkovska¹*, O. Andriienko¹, V. Malakhovska¹ , O. Vasylkovskyi¹, A. Andriienko² and T. Shepilova¹

¹Central Ukrainian National Technical University (CUNTU), Department of General Agriculture, University Avenue, 8, UA25006 Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine
²Institute of Steppe Agriculture, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Street Central, 2, UA27602 Sozonivka village, Kirovohrad region, Ukraine
*Correspondence: vasilkovskakv@ukr.net

Abstract:

The article provides a comparative analysis of the area of sunflower cultivation from 2000 to 2023 broken down by regions of Ukraine for two conditional periods of 2000–2010 and 2011–2021, and 2022–2023 war years. Thus, during the period under research the average area of sunflower seed cultivation increased from 2.84 million ha in 2000 to 6.66 million ha in 2021 i.e. by 2.34 times. The increase of these areas occurred due to the reduction of the area allocated for the cultivation of other crop rotations. During the first conditional period (2000–2010) Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions which geographically belong to the steppe zone of Ukraine became the leaders with an area of sunflower cultivation of more than 500,000 ha (on average 469.8 and 487.8 thousand ha of sunflower). During the second conditional period (2011–2021) Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions maintained their leadership (573.5 and 564.7 thousand ha). The zone of effective sunflower cultivation has expanded due to the expansion of cultivated areas in Kirovohrad region (550.6 thousand ha) which is situated on the border of the northern part of steppe and forest steppe. The occupation of a part of Ukraine pushed back Zaporizhzhia region from leading positions in sunflower cultivation while Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad regions had more than 600,000 ha in 2022–2023. The further increase of cultivation areas at the expense of other crops contradicts the laws of agriculture and the zonal recommendations of scientific institutions. Therefore, an increase in the gross harvest of sunflower seeds is possible only due to the improvement and adaptation of cultivation technology, a balanced selection of sunflower hybrids better adapted to climate changes.

Key words:

climate change, effective cultivation zones, gross harvest, sunflower

1460–1484 H.U. Qureshi, I. Abbas, S.M. H. Shah, Z.U. Qureshi, E.H.H. Al-Qadami, Z. Mustaffa and F.Y. Teo
Adapting agriculture to climate shifts: managing crop water needs for environmental resilience in Sindh, Pakistan
Abstract |

Full text PDF (753 KB)

Adapting agriculture to climate shifts: managing crop water needs for environmental resilience in Sindh, Pakistan

H.U. Qureshi¹*, I. Abbas², S.M. H. Shah³, Z.U. Qureshi⁴, E.H.H. Al-Qadami⁵, Z. Mustaffa⁶ and F.Y. Teo⁷*

¹Associated Consulting Engineers (ACE) Limited, D-288, KDA Scheme No.1, Stadium Road, PAK75350 Karachi, Pakistan
²Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Department of Civil Engineering, Main University Road, PAK75300 Karachi, Pakistan
³Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, SA31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
⁴NED University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, University Road, PAK75270 Karachi, Pakistan
⁵Eco Hydrology Technology Research Centre (Eco-Hytech), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, MY86400 Parit Raja, Malaysia
⁶Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, MY32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
⁷Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, MY43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia”
*Correspondence:harisuddinq@gmail.com; fangyenn.teo@nottingham.edu.my

Abstract:

Sindh is an important hub for the agricultural production in Pakistan. Therefore, this study was aimed to model the air temperature trend in Sindh and its impacts on the seasonal water requirement for Rice, Wheat, and Sugarcane under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. In this study, RegCM4 with GFDL-ESM2M was used and the bias correction of RegCM4 simulations was done using Quantile Mapping. As per the analysis, the average annual temperature over the study area may rise by about 1.2 to 1.8 °C and 2.8 to 3.3 °C under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Seasonally, warming is expected to be higher in spring and winter seasons, whereas, diurnally, the daytime temperature may increase by about 1.2 to 1.7 °C and 2.6 to 3.2 °C, while the nighttime temperature may rise by about 1.4 to 2.7 °C and 3.0 to 3.5 °C under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Consequentially, the seasonal water requirement for Rice in Sindh may increase by about 50–100 mm and 100–200 mm under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. For Wheat, the water requirement may rise by about 60 mm and 100 mm, whereas for Sugarcane, it may soar by about 100–150 mm and 150–200 mm under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Conclusively, the rising crop water consumption may cause increased irrigation requirements, low crop water productivity and yield, and rising local water disputes thereby endangering the crop production and water security in the province.

Key words:

climate change, CORDEX, crop water requirement, CROPWAT, food security, quantile mapping, RegCM4, SDG 13

1473-1486 G. Ghantous, K. Popov, Z. El Sebaaly and Y.N. Sassine
Adaptation of Syrah wine grape cultivar to changing climatic conditions of the Bekaa valley, Lebanon
Abstract |

Full text PDF (515 KB)

Adaptation of Syrah wine grape cultivar to changing climatic conditions of the Bekaa valley, Lebanon

G. Ghantous¹², K. Popov¹, Z. El Sebaaly² and Y.N. Sassine²*

¹University of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, 10 Kliment Ohridsky Blvd., BG1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
²Lebanese University, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Plant Production, Gallery Matta Street, Dekwaneh, Beirut, Lebanon
*Correspondence: youssef.sassine@ul.edu.lb

Abstract:

Climatic factors play a key role in determining the suitability of a given region for specific cultivars and wine types and the responses of individual grapevine cultivars to climate are of utmost importance for activity planning and decision making in viticulture. The study investigated the effect of climate conditions from 2006 till 2018 on the performance of cv. Syrah cultivated in two vineyards in Lebanon; Kanafar (at 1,020 m.a.s.l) and Mansoura (at 850 m.a.s.l). Cluster analysis based on climate indicators divided years into two clusters; in Kanafar (cluster 1: 2006–2015, cluster 2: 2016–2018) and in Mansoura (cluster 1: 2006 to 2008, cluster 2: 2009 to 2018). Solar radiation (May-June) and average wind speed (July-August-September) were the most influential predictors in Kanafar and Mansoura, respectively. In Kanafar, average yield and weight of 200 berries decreased by 21% and 22.7 g respectively in cluster 2, but in Mansoura only average yield increased by 3.7% in cluster 2. Total soluble solids and titratable acidity were not significantly affected by the shift in climate conditions at both vineyards, however total anthocyanin potential was significantly lower in Kanafar (by 114.2 mg kg^-1) and higher in Mansoura (by 353.4 mg kg^-1) in cluster 2. Total polyphenolic richness was only affected in Kanafar (reduction by 42 mg GAE g^-1 in cluster 2). Syrah performance was more negatively affected by the changing climate conditions at Kanafar rather than Mansoura vineyards and it seems to better adapt to climate conditions of Mansoura overcoming the shift in climate that occurred after 2008 there.

Key words:

climate change, production, quality, winegrapes, years

979-993 R. Viikoja, M. Alaru, I. Keres, R. Lillak, I. Voor and E. Loit
Impact of changing weather on the crops yield stability in different cropping systems
Abstract |

Full text PDF (726 KB)

Impact of changing weather on the crops yield stability in different cropping systems

R. Viikoja, M. Alaru*, I. Keres, R. Lillak, I. Voor and E. Loit

Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Fr.R. Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: maarika.alaru@emu.ee

Abstract:

Changes in weather conditions make it possible to change the schedule of agricultural works and introduce new crops and crop rotations in Northern Europe. It is important that the yield of the crops in the rotation are stable under highly variable weather conditions, which would ensure a high total yield for the rotation. One of the goals of this long-term field experiment (2008–2022) was to study the effect of weather conditions on the total yield and stability in the crop rotation; crops of the given crop rotation were grown in organic and conventional cropping systems.
Compared to the pre-experimental period 1964‒2007, the annual average air temperature of the test period 2008‒2022 was higher by 1.1 degrees, whereas the increase in the annual average temperature was primarily due to the increase in winter and June–July temperatures. In the 3^rd cropping cycle (2018–2022) the total yield of crop rotation as an average of fertilizer variants and experimental years was 21% and 24% lower than in the 1st (2008–2012) and 2nd (2013–2017) cropping cycles, respectively, which was mainly caused by the decrease in field pea yield. The effect of weather on yield stability was greatest for field pea. Fertilization with mineral fertilizers improved the stability of the total yield in the conventional cropping system. Correlation, factorial analyses of variance (ANOVA) and two-factor ANOVA were used to test the effect of cropping systems and climatic conditions on total and average DM yield of crop rotation, also each crop’s DM yield.
Despite the negative impact of the weather, most of the yield loss can be prevented or the damage can be eased by careful planning and detailed knowledge about the influence of different weather factors. Further investigation is required to determine the change in growing season length, sowing dates and harvesting to provide farmers more detailed tools to predict and plan their actions.

Key words:

cereals, climate change, crop rotation, field pea, potatoes, yield stability

579–594 A. Széles, and L. Huzsvai
Modelling the effect of sowing date on the emergence, silking and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in a moderately warm and dry production area
Abstract |

Full text PDF (508 KB)

Modelling the effect of sowing date on the emergence, silking and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in a moderately warm and dry production area

A. Széles¹,* and L. Huzsvai²

¹University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute for Land Utilisation, Regional Development and Technology, Böszörményi út 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
²University of Debrecen, Faculty of Economics and Business, Institute of Statistics and Methodology, Böszörményi str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary

Abstract:

This research focused on accurately modelling emergence (VEEmergence) and silking (R1) dates using 5 cm deep soil temperature (ST) and how sowing date (SD) affects VEEmergence and R1 date of different maturity hybrids and which is the optimum sowing date in the changed climate. Three sowing dates were used between 4th April and 10th May. The same maize hybrids (FAO 290, FAO 350, FAO 420) were involved in the experiment between 2011–2013. The 5 cm deep soil temperature could be used for simulating the date of VEEmergence and R1 and the Percentage of Predicted Deviation (PD) was below 10%. When calculating the effective heat units (HU) at 5 cm depth, setting 6 °C as base temperature leads to better modelling. SD did not clearly affect yield since due to the influence of genotype and crop years. The FAO 290 hybrid had the lowest yield (11.534 t ha-1) and it responded sensitively to sowing date. Its highest yield (12.788 t ha-1; P < 0.05) could be obtained with SD3. FAO 350 and FAO 420 hybrids provided stable yields without any significant effect of SD. The highest yield was provided by the FAO 420 hybrid (13.494 t ha-1) with a wide SD interval (4th April – 10th May). The obtained findings help farmers in making grounded decisions to obtain high and stable yield under the changed climatic circumstances. The obtained findings help farmers in making grounded decisions to obtain high and stable yield under the changed climatic circumstances.

Key words:

air temperature, CERES-Maize model, climate change, computer simulation

1665–1678 A. Kubule, Z. Indzere and I. Muizniece
Modelling of the bioeconomy system using interpretive structural modelling
Abstract |

Full text PDF (398 KB)

Modelling of the bioeconomy system using interpretive structural modelling

A. Kubule*, Z. Indzere and I. Muizniece

Riga Technical University, Institute of Energy Systems and Environment, Azenes iela 12/1, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
*Correspondence: anna.kubule@rtu.lv

Abstract:

Due to European and global resource efficiency efforts, the bioeconomy research and the search for new bioresource valorisation alternatives has become topical. Bioeconomy directly concerns such major sectors of the economy as agriculture, forestry, fishery, as well as other indirect bioeconomy sectors. However, the practical implementation of bioeconomy has had quite low implementation rate, which is partly caused by the multitude and variety of factors that affect the bioeconomy system. This paper evaluates seven bioeconomy affecting factors (particularly related to biotechonomy concept) and links between them in order to promote successful implementation of bioeconomy. To evaluate these factors interpretive structural modelling method (ISM) is used. The application of ISM method allows to not only identify the factor interaction links, but also to graphically represent their directed structure. The results show that three out of seven factors have the strongest interrelation, namely, climate change, bioresources and technologies. This research can be complimented by further adding other factors that could be influencing for bioeconomy development, for example, financial resources, human health, well-being, and so on; therefore, to reach better understanding about influential factors and bioeconomy dependency on them; also, system dynamics approach could be used in order to fully uncover the factor interaction links.

Key words:

bioeconomy, bioenergy, bioresources, biotechnologies, climate change, infrastructure, interpretive structural modelling, natural environment, pollution, production

123–132 M. Giolo , A. Dalla Montà, E. Barolo, F. Ferrari, R. Masin and S. Macolino
High-temperature effects on seed germination of fourteen Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars
Abstract |

Full text PDF (372 KB)

High-temperature effects on seed germination of fourteen Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars

M. Giolo¹ ³, A. Dalla Montà¹, E. Barolo¹, F. Ferrari², R. Masin³ and S. Macolino³

¹Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via Ca' Nova Zampieri 37, IT 37057 S.G. Lupatoto (VR), Italy
²Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via Emilia km 307 19, IT 26838 Tavazzano (Lodi), Italy
³Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, Padova University, Viale dell’Università 16, IT 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
*Correspondence: roberta.masin@unipd.it

Abstract:

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is a perennial cool-season grass commonly used for sport and ornamental turfgrasses in transition zones. It is a rather difficult species to establish due to slow germination and the relatively moderate growth rate of seedlings. Early autumn is considered the best time for sowing Kentucky bluegrass in temperate regions. Spring sowing is not recommended as low soil moisture and high temperatures can have a negative impact on germination. However, unavoidable circumstances often force turfgrasses to be sown in spring with high probability of failure. The risk of failure may increase in the near future as a consequence of climate change, so more knowledge is required on the ability of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars to germinate at high temperatures. A laboratory study evaluated the germination response of fourteen cultivars selected among those most used in northern Italy. They were compared in a conditioning chamber under five regimes of alternating temperatures (20/30 °C, 23/33 °C, 26/36 °C, 29/39 °C, 32/42 °C). Germination was recorded weekly starting from sowing. The germination patterns were similar up to 26/36 °C. At 29/39 °C only five cultivars had a germination of over 50%. At the highest temperature regime none of the cultivars had more than 3% germination. It is concluded that only when very extreme high temperatures occur, growers need to pay attention to the choice of cultivars to avoid problems during the germination-emergence phase, but based on the climate change scenario this is likely to happen with greater frequency in the future.

Key words:

climate change, establishment, germination pattern, germination temperature, turfgrass

385-396 G. Várallyay
The impact of climate change on soils and on their water management
Abstract |

Full text PDF (731 KB)

The impact of climate change on soils and on their water management

G. Várallyay

Research Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry (RISSAC) of theHungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest; e-mail: g.varallyay@rissac.hu

Abstract:

Human activities result in changes in the global environment, sometimes with severe consequences for our future life. Changes in the gas composition of the atmosphere – partly due to CO2 and ‘greenhouse gases’ emission – may lead to a rise in temperature with high spatial and temporal variability, to alterations in the global circulation processes, and to a serious rearrangement of atmospheric precipitation, increasing aridity in some locations. These modifications are reflected sensitively by ecosystems (natural vegetation and land use pattern) and by considerable alterations in soil formation and degradation processes, in soil properties and soil functions.The potential impacts of the forecasted climate change reservoirs are briefly summarizedin the present paper with special regard to soil water management, soil moisture regime and their influences on the main soil degradation processes. Based on this analysis, conclusions are drawn regarding the possibilities of sustainable soil moisture and the required measures of rational control: increasing water use efficiency; reducing evaporation, surface runoff, seepage and filtration losses; increasing water storage capacity and available moisture range of soils.

Key words:

climate change, infiltration, soil formation and degradation processes, soil moisture control, water storage capacity

49–62 M. Kruus
The greenhouse effect and moths’ response to it.
I. How to compare climatic and insect phenology databases?
Abstract |

Full text PDF (942 KB)

The greenhouse effect and moths’ response to it.
I. How to compare climatic and insect phenology databases?

M. Kruus

Institute of Plant Protection, Estonian Agricultural University, Kreutzwaldi 64, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, e-mail: gothica@online.ee

Abstract:

At present it has been firmly established that climate can be influenced by both natural forces and human activities. It is generally accepted that an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere results in the warming of the Earth’s surface. Recent changes in the European fauna of Lepidoptera have been considered as a northward shift of entire distribution areas, caused by global warming. Northern territories are invaded by temperate species, and the process seemingly has a cyclic nature. An invasion of a new species is often followed by a rapid growth of its population and followed by its penetration into the neighbouring areas.

Key words:

climate change, distribution of moths, Estonia, Lepidoptera

Drought stress and selective manure on the growth and yield of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) in a tropical climate

Abstract:

Key words:

Analysis of effective sunflower cultivation zones using the example of Ukraine

Abstract:

Key words:

Adapting agriculture to climate shifts: managing crop water needs for environmental resilience in Sindh, Pakistan

Abstract:

Key words:

Adaptation of Syrah wine grape cultivar to changing climatic conditions of the Bekaa valley, Lebanon

Abstract:

Key words:

Impact of changing weather on the crops yield stability in different cropping systems

Abstract:

Key words:

Modelling the effect of sowing date on the emergence, silking and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in a moderately warm and dry production area

Abstract:

Key words:

Modelling of the bioeconomy system using interpretive structural modelling

Abstract:

Key words:

High-temperature effects on seed germination of fourteen Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars

Abstract:

Key words:

The impact of climate change on soils and on their water management

Abstract:

Key words:

The greenhouse effect and moths’ response to it. I. How to compare climatic and insect phenology databases?

Abstract:

Key words:

The greenhouse effect and moths’ response to it.
I. How to compare climatic and insect phenology databases?