Tag Archives: crop residues

577-591 S. Rancane, A. Lazdins, A. Zusevica, S. Zute, I. Jansone, M. Damskalne, L. Zarina, J. Korolova and O. Maliarenko
Carbon and nitrogen uptake in above- and below-ground biomass of cereal crops in the integrated farming system
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Carbon and nitrogen uptake in above- and below-ground biomass of cereal crops in the integrated farming system

S. Rancane¹²*, A. Lazdins², A. Zusevica², S. Zute³, I. Jansone³, M. Damskalne³, L. Zarina³, J. Korolova⁴ and O. Maliarenko⁵

¹Research Institute of Agronomy of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, J. Purapukes street 28, LV-5125 Skriveri, Latvia
²Latvia State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
³Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Struktoru street 14, LV-1039 Riga, Latvia
⁴Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela street 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
⁵Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet, 25 Klinichna street, UA03110 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: sarmite.rancane@llu.lv

Abstract:

A significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as technologies that ensure removal of CO₂ from the atmosphere, are necessary to achieve the set goals for the transition to carbon neutrality. During the crop growth cycle, a significant amount of biomass is produced, and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are captured both by the harvested crop removed from the field and by residues left on the field. The trials were conducted to find out patterns between crop and residues while trying to figure out the amount of captured C and N. In this study data of the most widely grown cereal crops in Latvia are summarized. The data are representative, obtained in different agroclimatic conditions, they vary both by species and variety, by year and fertilizers applied. The mean amount of biomass from cereal crops left on the field was 1,070.9 g m^-2 DM, besides, 906.7 g m^-2 of that was made up of above-ground (AG) residues and 164.2 g m^-2 of below-ground (BG) residues. On average, 471.8 g m^-2 C and 14.3 g m^-2 N were captured, including: 411.2 g m^-2 C and 12.9 g m^-2 N by AG residues; 60.7 g m^-2 C and 1.4 g m^-2 N by BG residues. Regularities between grain yield and residues were found, however, they were not very strong. The dataset should be enlarged to reduce uncertainty. As the data calculated from crop have a greater uncertainty, the GHG inventory should be calculated according to the average AG and BG biomass, which provide more accurate data.

Key words:

cereal crops, crop residues, harvest index, shoot/root ratio

176-187 K. Meiramkulova, A. Bayanov, T. Ivanova, B. Havrland, J. Kára and I. Hanzlíková
Effect of different compositions on anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure and agro-industrial by-products
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Effect of different compositions on anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure and agro-industrial by-products

K. Meiramkulova¹, A. Bayanov¹, T. Ivanova²*, B. Havrland², J. Kára³ and I. Hanzlíková³

¹L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Department of Management and Engineering in the Field of Environmental Protection, Satpayev str., KZ010008 Astana, Kazakhstan
²Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Department of Sustainable Technologies, Kamýcká 129, CZ16500 Prague, Czech Republic
³Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Drnovská 507, CZ16101 Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: ivanova@ftz.czu.cz

Abstract:

The present research is dedicated to the study of anaerobic co-digestion process of different biomass materials. Anaerobic co-digestion of digested sludge, grass silage, haylage and cattle manure was evaluated in mesophilic tank reactors in the lab-scale experiment. Twelve laboratory scale tank reactors (1.5 L) were used during the incubation period of 45 days. First triplet of reactors was fed with pure digested sludge and the other three with different mixtures having the volumetric ratios of 30/35/25/10, 40/30/20/10 and 50/25/15/10 for digested sludge/corn silage/grass haylage/cattle manure. Methane production was analyzed for all lab-scale reactors individually. The resulting specific methane production of above-mentioned batches was 336.34, 238.1 and 233.23 L_STP[CH₄] kg^-1[TVS], respectively. Other results such as cumulative biogas and methane yield, volumetric biogas and methane yield, volumetric biogas and methane yield per day were also assessed. These results had the highest meaning when complex substrate had no more than 30% of inoculum.

Key words:

batch reactor experiments, cattle manure, co-digestion, crop residues, volumetric ratios

103-110 T. Šima,, L. Nozdrovický, M. Dubeňová, K. Krištof and J. Krupička
Effect of crop residues on nitrous oxide flux in the controlled traffic farming system during the soil tillage by LEMKEN Rubin 9 disc harrow
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Effect of crop residues on nitrous oxide flux in the controlled traffic farming system during the soil tillage by LEMKEN Rubin 9 disc harrow

T. Šima¹,*, L. Nozdrovický², M. Dubeňová³, K. Krištof⁴ and J. Krupička⁵

¹,²,⁴Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Engineering,
Department of Machines and Production Systems, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra,
Slovak Republic; *Correspondence: tomasko.sima@gmail.com
³Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Engineering, Department
of Production Engineering, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
⁵Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department
of Agricultural Machines, Kamýcká129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract:

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the most important greenhouse gases. Agriculture, especially soil tillage and the use of fertilisers, significantly contributes to N2O emissions from soil into the atmosphere. The aim of the paper was the comparison of the amount of nitrous oxide emissions released from the soil into the atmosphere depending on crop residues in conditions of a controlled traffic farming (CTF) system. Monitoring points were selected in parts of a field with/ without crop residues and in trafficked and non-trafficked areas. There were realised three variants of the experiment: before soil tillage, right after soil tillage and seven days after soil tillage. Soil tillage was carried out by a LEMKEN Rubin 9 disc harrow with a JOHN DEERE 8230 tractor on the loamy soil after the harvest of winter wheat. The used laboratory method of measuring N2O emissions released from the soil into the atmosphere consists of collecting soil samples from the field and their subsequent analysis in the laboratory. There were used INNOVA devices which consist of a photo-acoustic field gas monitor INNOVA 1412 based on the infrared photo-acoustic detection method, a multipoint sampler INNOVA 1309 used for gas sampling transport to the gas analyser INNOVA 1412, and a notebook with operation software used for the control and setup of the analysis. There was discovered an effect of crop residues and soil compaction on the nitrous oxide flux.

Key words:

controlled traffic farming, crop residues, nitrous oxide, soil compaction, soil tillage