Tag Archives: dry matter

2752–2760 K. Laužikė, N. Uselis and G. Samuolienė
Effect of planting scheme on photosynthetic activity and dry matter accumulation in apple leaves
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Effect of planting scheme on photosynthetic activity and dry matter accumulation in apple leaves

K. Laužikė*, N. Uselis and G. Samuolienė

Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno 30, Babtai, LT-54333 Kaunas distr., Lithuania

Abstract:

This study aims to identify changes photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation in apple leaves with decreasing plant to plant distance of the trees. Apple tree ‘Auksis’ was grafted on dwarfing P60 rootstock and planted at different in distances: 0.5 m, 0.75 m, 1 m and 1.25 m between plant to plant distance in rows. Photosynthetic indices were measured at 1.00–1.20 m above ground inside the canopy. 20 randomly selected leaves from the whole apple tree canopy were used to determine leaf area, fresh and dry weight. Measurements were made in three different stages in May, June and September. By decreasing the distance between apple trees from 1.5 m to 0.5 m, photosynthetic rate decreases correspondingly, decreasing by 23% in spring, and decreasing by 31% in autumn. Distance between trees has no significant impact on leave mass per area (LMA), however in spring is higher by 33–51% compared to summer and 42–78% compared to autumn. Dry and fresh weight ratio (DW/FW) significantly increased in summer – by 27% and in autumn – by 37% compared to spring, also DW/FW significantly decreased by the decreasing distance from 1.5 m to 0.5 m by 4–6%. In summary, the decreasing distance reduces the photosynthetic rate, the accumulation of dry matter. Also, photosynthetic rate decreases from spring to harvest time, and on the contrary, the accumulation of dry matter increases as autumn approaches. After evaluating the obtained results, the aim is to further delve into the use and transpiration of water and the impact of the planting scheme on fruit quality.

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974–981 O. Chernikova, Yu. Mazhayskiy and L. Ampleeva
Selenium in nanosized form as an alternative to microfertilizers
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Selenium in nanosized form as an alternative to microfertilizers

O. Chernikova¹, Yu. Mazhayskiy¹ and L. Ampleeva²

¹Academy of law management of the federal penal service of Russia, RU390036 Ryazan, Sennaya street 1, Russian Federation
²Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev, RU390044 Ryazan, Kostycheva street 1, Russian Federation
*Correspondence: chernikova_olga@inbox.ru

Abstract:

Nowadays, it is an obvious fact that it is necessary to look for new approaches to agriculture, which would ensure the maximum reduction in the dependence of the volumes and quality of the crop on external factors. The use of nanopreparations in crop production is the most promising. The development of new technologies and techniques using nanomaterials, which would ensure high yields and quality of potato products, is relevant and has great practical importance. The research in recent years has established the important role of selenium in the regulation of plant activity.The purpose of this work was to research the effect of selenium nanoparticles and selenium in the form of micronutrient fertilizers on early-maturing varieties of potatoes for table use: adaptive capacity and nutritional value. Selenium nanopowder in the form of a solution contained the optimum nanoselenium concentration applied–0.13 g per hectare seeding rate. The potato tubers were soaked in distilled water 30 minutes before seeding. The treatment of potato tubers with selenium micronutrient, the dose of which amounted to 400 g per 1 hectare, was also carried out before planting. The soil preparation and agrotechnology cultivation generally accepted in the Ryazan region.The research results showed that presowing treatment of potato tubers with selenium nanopreparation had the most favorable effect on the adaptive capacity of plants (heat resistance, water-holding properties), as well as on yield increase, than treatment of tubers with selenium in the form of microfertilizer. The use of Se nanoparticles leads to an increase in the protein and vitamin C content. The Udacha potato variety showed great responsiveness to the entering of various forms of selenium in comparison with others. The use of selenium in the form of microfertilizer leads to an increase in the accumulation of starch and dry matter. These figures were the highest in potato tubers of the Zhukovskiy Ranniy variety.

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662-667 D. Matt, E. Veromann and A. Luik
Effect of housing systems on biochemical composition of chicken eggs
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Effect of housing systems on biochemical composition of chicken eggs

D. Matt, E. Veromann and A. Luik

Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences,Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia; tel: +372 7425 010; e-mail: darja.matt@emu.ee

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of production system (organic, conventional) on the quality of chicken eggs. Energetic value, carbohydrate, cholesterol, protein, fatty acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, dry matter and vitamin contents were evaluated. The mean content of cholesterol was 30%, and potassium 7%, greater in the organic eggs compared with the conventional eggs. No significant difference was found in the content of fatty acids, protein, sodium or dry matter. The organic eggs had considerably lower contents of calcium (2.8 times) compared with eggs from conventional farming. Negligible differences were found in the occurrence of vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D3). The residues of 45 pesticides and 6 PCB isomers were analyzed in both types of eggs and no residues compounds were found.

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489-498 Z. Kriauciuniene, R. Velicka, S. Raudonius and M. Rimkeviciene
Changes of lignin concentration and C:N in oilseed rape, wheat and clover residues during their decomposition in the soil
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Changes of lignin concentration and C:N in oilseed rape, wheat and clover residues during their decomposition in the soil

Z. Kriauciuniene², R. Velicka¹, S. Raudonius¹ and M. Rimkeviciene²

¹Department of Soil Management, Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Studentu 11,Akademija, LT-53361 Kaunas dist., Lithuania, e-mail: rimantas.velicka@lzuu.lt
²Experimental Station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Noreikiskės,LT-53363 Kaunas dist., Lithuania, e-mail: zita.kriauciuniene@lzuu.lt

Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted in 2003–2005 at the Experimental Station of the Lithuanian University of Agriculture to study the changes of lignin concentration and C:N in roots and top residues of winter and spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) after 14, 33, 63, 85 and 116 weeks of decomposition in the soil. Correlation between lignin concentration and amount of dry matter as well as the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in investigated crop residues were estimated.Investigation of crop residue decomposition during the period of 116 weeks showed thatstubble and roots of winter and spring oilseed rape decompose more slowly than their threshing remains, or stubble, and roots of winter wheat and red clover. Dry matter and lignin decomposed and the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in winter oilseed rape residues decreased more slowly than that of spring oilseed rape residues.The ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the decomposing crop residues decreased mostintensively during the 33–63 week period. After that, the concentration of lignin started to decrease, but its significant decline in all investigated crop residues was estimated after 116 weeks of decomposition. Lignin was most decomposed from its concentration peak in the stubble of red clover (37.9%) and least in winter oilseed rape roots (12.8%).Negative correlation between lignin concentration and dry matter amount and betweenlignin concentration and C:N was established in winter and spring oilseed rape, winter wheat and red clover top and root residues decomposing in the soil.

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