Tag Archives: fertilizers

869-882 Y. Olifir, A. Нabryel, T. Partyka, O. Havryshko, N. Kozak and V. Lykhochvor
The content of mobile aluminium compounds depending on the long-term use of various fertilizing and liming systems of Albic Pantostagnic Luvisol
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The content of mobile aluminium compounds depending on the long-term use of various fertilizing and liming systems of Albic Pantostagnic Luvisol

Y. Olifir¹*, A. Нabryel¹, T. Partyka¹, O. Havryshko¹, N. Kozak¹ and V. Lykhochvor²

¹Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Hrushevskoho Str., UA81115, Obroshyne, Lviv region, Ukraine
²Lviv National University of Nature Management, 1 Volodymyra Velykoho Str., UA80381, Dublyany, Lviv region, Ukraine
*Correspondence: olifir.yura@gmail.com

Abstract:

Today, climate change is exacerbating the problems of efficient and environmentally friendly use of acidic soils, which are widespread in Ukraine. At the same time, the role of mobile aluminium compounds in acidity formation is also becoming increasingly important. In this regard, chemical amelioration remains a primary and very important factor in the system of resource-saving and environmentally friendly agricultural measures for the efficient and balanced use of acidic soils. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to establish scientifically sound doses of chemical ameliorant that reduce the content of mobile aluminium compounds and ensure environmental safety and high productivity of agrocenoses on Albic Pantostagnic Luvisol. The research was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment established in 1965 with different doses of mineral fertilisers, manure and lime on an Albic Stagnic Luvisol. It was found that with a prolonged application of mineral fertilisers and the use of this soil without fertilisers, the content of mobile aluminium compounds at the end of the X rotation at pHKCl 4.20 and 4.42 was 68.4 and 58.5 mg kg-1 respectively. Under the organo-mineral and mineral fertilisation systems with liming with 6.0 t ha-1 of CaCO3 calculated by hydrolytic acidity, the content of mobile aluminium compounds decreased to 7.2 and 6.7 mg kg-1 of soil respectively. Under identical fertilisation systems with a lime application by pH-buffering capacity (2.5 t ha-1 CaCO3), the content of mobile aluminium compounds is 10.8–10.0 mg kg-1 soil.

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805-813 O. Shchuklina, R. Afanasiev, A. Gulevich, E. Baranova, V. Kvitko and O. Kvitko
Using data of optic sensors and pigment content in leaves for efficient diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition
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Using data of optic sensors and pigment content in leaves for efficient diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition

O. Shchuklina¹*, R. Afanasiev², A. Gulevich³, E. Baranova³, V. Kvitko¹ and O. Kvitko⁴

¹Federal State Budgetary Institution of Sciences Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Distant hybridization, Botanic Str., 4, RU127276 Moscow, Russia
²All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikov, Pryanishnikova Str., 31A, RU127434 Moscow, Russia
³All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryzevskaya Str., 42, RU127550 Moscow, Russia
⁴Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, RU119991 Moscow, Russia
*Correspondence: oashuklina@gmail.com

Abstract:

Opportune monitoring and diagnostics of a condition of crops permit to make prompt and proper activities on dressing nitrogen fertilizers. This will allow the plants to use the nitrogen applied efficiently, and therefore reduce their use in field. Since nitrogen that has not been utilized by plants is able to escape into the atmosphere or be washed out of the soil with water. The most accurate diagnostic method is to determine the chemical composition of plants, but it takes quite a long time and requires laboratory conditions, which is not always possible in the field. One of the promising methods is photometric diagnostics of crops using optical instruments. Experiment is carried out in contrasting weather conditions, on soddy-podzolic soil with spring barley and spring rapeseed being investigated. Results of research show the efficiency of using optic sensors (N-testers) for efficient diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition of plants. The readings of the device (N-tester) were compared with the concentration of a and b chlorophyll, determined by a chemical method. Results of diagnostics with portable photometric device ‘Yara’ are correlating with concentrations of chlorophylls a (r=0.96) and b (r = 0.91) in spring rapeseed.Moreover, correlation of rapeseed yield and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b has quantity and inverse relation similar to device indication (r = –0.81 and r = –0.70 respectively). Results of diagnostics with N-tester ‘Spectroluxe’ are strongly correlating with chlorophyll concentration. Device indication correlates stronger with chlorophyll b concentration in spring barley and chlorophyll a concentration in spring rapeseed (rapeseed was investigated in dryer conditions). Thus, such a modern optical device as N-tester, whose action is based on measuring the concentration of leafy chlorophyll, can replace chemical methods and increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization, which means increasing the productivity of plants and reducing the negative impact of unreasonable use of nitrogen fertilizers.

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1627-1639 Y. Olifir, A. Нabryel, T. Partyka, O. Havryshko and H. Konyk
Diagnosis of the functional state of transformed acid soils agroecosystems depending on long-term anthropogenic loads
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Diagnosis of the functional state of transformed acid soils agroecosystems depending on long-term anthropogenic loads

Y. Olifir*, A. Нabryel, T. Partyka, O. Havryshko and H. Konyk

Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian region NAAS, 5, Hrushevskoho Str., UA81115 Obroshyne, Pustomyty district, Lviv region, Ukraine

Abstract:

The main priority of agro industrial production has always been and remains to provide
the global population and its yearly increments with food food. The issue of soil fertility improvement is still the most important task of agricultural science. The assessment of the agroecological condition of Albic Stagnic Luvisol using carbon dioxide emission, redox potential, and biotic activity was carried out, based on modern methodological approaches, such as soil quality evaluation via ecologically-related biological parameters. Carbone dioxide emission, redox, and biological processes in long-term stationary experiment depend on the degree of soil acidity reduction. Soil acidification can be minimized through chemical melioration with the combined application of different doses of mineral fertilizers and manure. It was found that carbon dioxide emission is optimal in an organo-mineral fertilizing system with application of 10 t of manure per 1 ha and N65Р68K68 with lime dose (2.5 t ha-1) calculated according to pH buffering capacity. It is due to oxidative and moderately oxidative conditions created. This organo-mineral fertilizing system also increases the number of aerobic bacteria and overall biological activity. The mineral fertilization and the use of Albic Stagnic Luvisol without fertilizers are accompanied by increased mineralization, growth of reductive processes, and the number of moulds. Studies have shown that it is advisable to include CO2 emission, redox potential and biological activity along with physicochemical and agrochemical soil properties to assess the influence of different anthropogenic loads on soil formation.

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595–600 O. Shchuklina, R. Afanasiev, I. Voronchikhina, I. Klimenkova and A. Komkova
Differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers based on optical sensor readings
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Differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers based on optical sensor readings

O. Shchuklina¹*, R. Afanasiev², I. Voronchikhina¹, I. Klimenkova¹ and A. Komkova¹

¹Federal State Budgetary Institution of Sciences Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Distant hybridization, Botanic street 4, RU127276 Moscow, Russia
²All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry named after D.N Pryanishnikov, Pryanishnikova street 31A, RU127434, Moscow, Russia
*Correspondence: oashuklina@gmail.com

Abstract:

The article considers the method of variable rate application of top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers in spring barley crops in the system of precise agriculture. The principle of is based on the in-process diagnosis of plants state in key phases of development and the introduction of necessary dose of top dressing in specific field areas. To assess the plants state, a GreenSeeker optical sensor, which measures the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The tailored application of top dressing increases the yield of spring barley grain by 14.2% compared to the application of fertilizers with one calculated rate for the entire plot or field (Skudra, 2017, Hamann, 2020).

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696-707 E. Haiba, L. Nei, K. Herodes, M. Ivask and M. Lillenberg
On the degradation of metformin and carbamazepine residues in sewage sludge compost
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On the degradation of metformin and carbamazepine residues in sewage sludge compost

E. Haiba¹, L. Nei¹*, K. Herodes², M. Ivask¹ and M. Lillenberg³

¹University of Technology, Tartu College, Puiestee 78, EE51008 Tartu, Estonia
²University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, Ravila 14A, EE51010 Tartu, Estonia
³Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 58A, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: lembit.nei@ttu.ee

Abstract:

Recent decades have shown intensive studies devoted to the fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment. These studies have involved the development of analytical tools, determination of pharmaceuticals in different compartments, composting technologies, and plant uptake of pharmaceuticals. The presence of organic pollutants in sewage sludge, including pharmaceuticals, is a problem of major concern. The re-use of sewage sludge should be encouraged since it represents a long-term solution provided that the quality of the sludge re-used is compatible with public health and environmental protection requirements. Composting is a widely recognized way of making the soil application of sewage sludge safer.
In this study, the impact of sewage sludge composting on the degradation of metformin (MET), by far the most often prescribed antidiabetic drug worldwide, and carbamazepine (CBZ), a poorly biodegradable but widely used as an anticonvulsant drug to cure depression and seizures, were analysed. The anaerobically digested and dewatered sewage sludge samples were collected from municipal wastewater treatment plant. Composting experiments were performed under fixed conditions during 30 days. The results of the experiment showed that during a 1-month composting period more than 90% of MET residues degraded, but no degradation of CBZ took place during the composting period. The half-life of MET was 3 days for the compost mixture with the ratios of 1:3 and 1:2 (v:v). The results of this study show that composting maylead to the efficient degradation of MET, whereas for the elimination of CBZ from sewage sludge different means should be used.

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728-736 H. Hospodarenko, I. Prokopchuk, S. Prokopchuk and А. Trus
Humus content in a podzolized chernozem after a long-term application of fertilizers in a field crop rotation
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Humus content in a podzolized chernozem after a long-term application of fertilizers in a field crop rotation

H. Hospodarenko¹, I. Prokopchuk¹*, S. Prokopchuk¹ and А. Trus²

¹Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, 1 Instytutska street, UA20305 Uman, Ukraine
²Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Department of Applied Engineering and Labor Protection, 1 Instytutska street, UA20305 Uman, Ukraine
*Correspondence: pivotbi@ukr.net

Abstract:

The article presents the results of the research into influence of a long-term (50 years) application of different fertilizer rates and fertilizer systems in the field crop rotation on the humus composition and optical parameters of humic acids of a heavy- loamy podzolized chernozem of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
It was found that application of fertilizers significantly affects the dominance of humic acids over fulvic acids in the composition of soil, which indicates humate type of soil. Chroma index of humic acids is within 3.56–3.75 depending on a fertilizer. Indicators of the optical properties of humic acids of a podzolized chernozem have a high degree of humification.

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395–405 E. Haiba, L. Nei,, S. Kutti, M. Lillenberg, K. Herodes, M. Ivask, K. Kipper, R. Aro and A. Laaniste
Degradation of diclofenac and triclosan residues in sewage sludge compost
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Degradation of diclofenac and triclosan residues in sewage sludge compost

E. Haiba¹, L. Nei¹,*, S. Kutti¹, M. Lillenberg², K. Herodes³, M. Ivask¹, K. Kipper³, R. Aro³ and A. Laaniste³

¹ Tartu College, Tallinn University of Technology, Puiestee 78, EE51008 Tartu, Estonia
² Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 58A, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
³ Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, EE51010 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: lembit.nei@ttu.ee

Abstract:

Land application of sewage sludge compost is an important and efficient tool in the remediation of industrial landscapes and agricultural soils in Estonia. A number of studies have shown that, as a rule, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are neither completely removed by sewage treatment, nor completely degraded in the environment. In this study, degradation rates of diclofenac sodium (DFC) and triclosan (TCS) were determined during sewage sludge composting. Anaerobically digested and dewatered sewage sludge was mixed with sawdust at two different ratios (1:2 and 1:3 sludge/sawdust, v:v). Then aerobic composting was carried out. These ratios were chosen on the basis of previous studies on sewage sludge composting with different bulking agents. The initial concentration of DFC and TCS was 2 mg kg-1 in relation to dry weight (dw). Low quantities of the studied pharmaceuticals were present in sewage sludge that was used for preparing the compost mixtures used in our experiments. The background concentrations of DFC and TCS were never equal to zero. The results showed that the difference between sewage sludge and bulking agent ratios (1:2 vs 1:3) in compost samples did not significantly affect temperature profiles during the experiment. The degradation of pharmaceuticals was more complete in the compost samples where the ratio of bulking agent was higher (1:3 by volume). The average degradation level (in all compost mixtures) was 95% for DFC and 68% for TCS. Pharmaceuticals entering into the soil may affect microbial activity, plant growth and development, and may have adverse effects on living organisms.

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1583-1600 E. Haiba, L. Nei, M. Ivask, J. Peda, J. Järvis, M. Lillenberg, K. Kipper and K. Herodes
Sewage sludge composting and fate of pharmaceutical residues –recent studies in Estonia
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Sewage sludge composting and fate of pharmaceutical residues –recent studies in Estonia

E. Haiba¹, L. Nei¹*, M. Ivask¹, J. Peda¹, J. Järvis¹, M. Lillenberg², K. Kipper³ and K. Herodes³

¹Tartu College, Tallinn University of Technology, Puiestee 78, EE51008 Tartu, Estonia
²Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 58A, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
³Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, EE51010 Tartu, Estonia *Correspondence: lembit.nei@ttu.ee

Abstract:

This review is to reflect the work addressed to the application of biosolids and especially sewage sludge as a resource in composting. A considerable drop in the use of P fertilisers can be followed since early 1990s. Due to this fact crop production in Estonia takes place at the expense of soil phosphorous (P) resources. One of the ways of increasing the fertility of agricultural lands is to use nutrient-rich sewage sludge. Unfortunately, this may cause several undesired consequences due to biological and chemical contaminants. The presence of some widely used pharmaceuticals, as ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL), sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), was evident in sewage sludge of the two Estonian largest cities, Tartu and Tallinn. The concentrations of pharmaceuticals decreased after sewage sludge digestion and composting, but they were still present in detectable amounts. Sewage sludge co-composting experiments with sawdust, peat and straw showed the degradation of fluoroquinolones (FQ) and sulfonamides (SA). Additions of sawdust clearly speeded up this process, whereas the mixtures with peat and straw performed lower abilities to decompose pharmaceutical residues. Novel methodologies were developed and experiments conducted to study the potential accumulation of fluoroquinolones FQs and SAs by food plants. Due to the low adsorption of SAs on soil particles they are ‘free’ to migrate into plants. Different behaviour is characteristic to FQs as they are accumulated in sludge. Recent years have also shown progress in vermicomposting work and in using compost in afforestation.

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1460–1466 I. Skudra and A. Ruza
Winter wheat grain baking quality depending on environmental conditions and fertilizer
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Winter wheat grain baking quality depending on environmental conditions and fertilizer

I. Skudra¹²* and A. Ruza¹

¹Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Agrobiotechnology, St. Liela 2, LV3001 Jelgava, Latvia
²Latvian Rural Advisory and Training centre, St. Rigas 34, LV3018 Ozolnieki region, Ozolnieki parish, Ozolnieki, Latvia
*Correspondence: ilze.skudra@llkc.lv

Abstract:

Yield and quality of wheat grain depends on many factors such as environmental conditions, soil quality, genetic parameters and fertilization, especially nitrogen fertilizer which is one of the most important factor influencing quality parameters of winter wheat. Field experiments were done at the Research and Training Farm Vecauce of the Latvia University of Agriculture during 2013 till 2015. The aim of our study was to determine effect of nitrogen fertilization and environmental conditions on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ‘Kranich’ grain quality parameters. The investigated factors were six different nitrogen application norms (0 – control, 85, 153, 175+S21, 187 N kg ha-1) and differential nitrogen norm according to chlorophylmeter (Konica Minolta Ltd.) data 180 N kg ha-1 in 2013, 150 N kg ha-1 in 2014 and 205 N kg ha-1 in 2015. One more variant was added – 175 N kg ha-1 in 2015. During the study years the meteorological conditions were significantly different. Our trials results showed that protein content suitable for bread making was obtained in variants N175+S21, 180 and 187 in year 2013, in all N application forms in 2014, but in 2015 – in all applications except N0, N175+S21, N85. The meteorological conditions had factor influence (2) 46% on protein content, but fertilizer application – 35%. Strong significant relationship at the 0.01 probability level between protein content and gluten content (r = 0.99), sedimentation value (r = 0.97) and falling number (r = 0.74) was found.

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641–649 A. Adamovics, S. Ivanovs and V. Stramkale
Investigations about the impact of norms of the fertilisers and cultivars upon the crop capacity biomass of industrial hemp
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Investigations about the impact of norms of the fertilisers and cultivars upon the crop capacity biomass of industrial hemp

A. Adamovics, S. Ivanovs* and V. Stramkale

Latvia University of Agriculture, Liela iela 2, LV 3001 Jelgava, Latvia
*Correspondence: semjons@apollo.lv

Abstract:

Field trials were carried out in 2012–2014, on the Research and Study Farm ‘Pēterlauki’ of the Latvia University of Agriculture. Eleven sorts of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) – ‘Bialobrzeskie’, ‘Futura 75’, ‘Fedora 17’, ‘Santhica 27’, ‘Beniko’, ‘Ferimon’, ‘Felina 32’, ‘Epsilon 68’, ‘Tygra’, ‘Wojko’ and ‘Uso 31’ were sown in a sod calcareous soil (pHKCl 6.7, P 52 mg kg-1, K 128 mg kg-1, the organic matter content 21–25 g kg-1). The total seeding rate was 50 kg ha-1. The plots were fertilised as follows: N-120, P2O5– 90, K2O- 150 kg ha-1. Hemp was sown in the middle of May, in 10 m2 plots, triplicate. Hemp was harvested when the first matured seeds appeared. The biometrical indices, the height and stem diameter, the harvesting time, the amount of fresh and dry biomass and the fibre content were evaluated.
Yield of dry matter on average comprised 15.06 t ha-1, depending on the cultivars. Cultivation year and cultivar notably affected hemp biomass yield. In 2012, the highest yield of dry biomass was produced from cultivars ‘Futura 75’ (21.33 t ha-1) and ‘Tygra’ (20.87 t ha-1), the lowest – from ‘Bialobrzeskie’ (11.95 t ha-1). Significantly higher average yield of dry biomass was obtained from cultivars ‘Futura 75’ (17.76 t ha-1), ‘Tygra’ (16.31 t ha-1), ‘Wojko’ (15.51 t ha-1) and ‘Epsilon 68’ (15.28 t ha-1), the lowest – ‘Bialobrzeskie’ and ‘Uso 31’ (13.53 t ha-1). Meteorological conditions influenced the dry biomass yield.
The aim of this study was find productive cultivar of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and clarify nitrogen fertiliser rates impact for biomass production in Latvia.

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