Tag Archives: food security

1460–1484 H.U. Qureshi, I. Abbas, S.M. H. Shah, Z.U. Qureshi, E.H.H. Al-Qadami, Z. Mustaffa and F.Y. Teo
Adapting agriculture to climate shifts: managing crop water needs for environmental resilience in Sindh, Pakistan
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Adapting agriculture to climate shifts: managing crop water needs for environmental resilience in Sindh, Pakistan

H.U. Qureshi¹*, I. Abbas², S.M. H. Shah³, Z.U. Qureshi⁴, E.H.H. Al-Qadami⁵, Z. Mustaffa⁶ and F.Y. Teo⁷*

¹Associated Consulting Engineers (ACE) Limited, D-288, KDA Scheme No.1, Stadium Road, PAK75350 Karachi, Pakistan
²Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Department of Civil Engineering, Main University Road, PAK75300 Karachi, Pakistan
³Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, SA31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
⁴NED University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, University Road, PAK75270 Karachi, Pakistan
⁵Eco Hydrology Technology Research Centre (Eco-Hytech), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, MY86400 Parit Raja, Malaysia
⁶Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, MY32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
⁷Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, MY43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia”
*Correspondence:harisuddinq@gmail.com; fangyenn.teo@nottingham.edu.my

Abstract:

Sindh is an important hub for the agricultural production in Pakistan. Therefore, this study was aimed to model the air temperature trend in Sindh and its impacts on the seasonal water requirement for Rice, Wheat, and Sugarcane under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. In this study, RegCM4 with GFDL-ESM2M was used and the bias correction of RegCM4 simulations was done using Quantile Mapping. As per the analysis, the average annual temperature over the study area may rise by about 1.2 to 1.8 °C and 2.8 to 3.3 °C under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Seasonally, warming is expected to be higher in spring and winter seasons, whereas, diurnally, the daytime temperature may increase by about 1.2 to 1.7 °C and 2.6 to 3.2 °C, while the nighttime temperature may rise by about 1.4 to 2.7 °C and 3.0 to 3.5 °C under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Consequentially, the seasonal water requirement for Rice in Sindh may increase by about 50–100 mm and 100–200 mm under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. For Wheat, the water requirement may rise by about 60 mm and 100 mm, whereas for Sugarcane, it may soar by about 100–150 mm and 150–200 mm under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Conclusively, the rising crop water consumption may cause increased irrigation requirements, low crop water productivity and yield, and rising local water disputes thereby endangering the crop production and water security in the province.

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1174-1185 M. Khusnitdinova, A. Abdrakhmanova, A. Pozharskiy, A. Kapytina, N. Kerimbek, G. Nizamdinova, A. Taskuzhina, K. Adilbayeva, M. Kolchenko, and D. Gritsenko
Problems and prospects of sugar beet cultivation in Kazakhstan
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Problems and prospects of sugar beet cultivation in Kazakhstan

M. Khusnitdinova, A. Abdrakhmanova, A. Pozharskiy, A. Kapytina, N. Kerimbek, G. Nizamdinova, A. Taskuzhina, K. Adilbayeva, M. Kolchenko, and D. Gritsenko*

Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Str. 45, KZ050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
*Correspondence: d.kopytina@gmail.com

Abstract:

Purpose – to ensure the food security of Kazakhstan, domestic sugar industry should aim at a significant reduction in import dependence and transition to self-sufficiency. The share of domestic sugar from sugar beet in Kazakhstan is 7%.

Design/methodology/approach – review indicating the main problems in the sugar beet production in Kazakhstan for the purpose of reimagining the domestic sugar beet industry to reduce dependence on sugar import. We analyzed the dynamics of sugar beet cultivation in Kazakhstan over the past 20 years and detected a sharp reduction in the sugar beet production.

Findings – we have identified 10 problems in sugar beet production in Kazakhstan and determined the necessary targeted solutions. We consider the main direction to be the development of scientific methodology for sugar beet production (breeding of new highly productive disease-resistant cultivars, improvement of sugar beet protection system, efficient crop rotation). The most notable problems included in this paper are small-scale marketability of sugar beet farms, infectious diseases of sugar beet, water supply shortages, use of outdated agricultural technologies, high cost of imported sugar beet seeds.

Originality/value – The present paper includes a full analysis of current problems in sugar beet production in Kazakhstan.

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1373-1386 V.Yu. Chernova and B.A. Kheyfets
China food security assessment
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China food security assessment

V.Yu. Chernova¹²* and B.A. Kheyfets³⁴

¹People’s Friendships University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Faculty of Economics, Department of International Economic Relations, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., RU117198 Moscow, Russia
²2State University of Management, Institute of Marketing, 99 Ryazanskiy Prospect, RU109542 Moscow, Russia
³Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Nakhimovskiy Prospect, RU117218 Moscow, Russia
⁴Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, 49 Leningradsky Prospekt, RU125993 Moscow, Russia
*Correspondence: veronika.urievna@mail.ru

Abstract:

Ensuring food security is a strategic goal of any state, especially in the face of population growth. A review of the academic literature showed the presence of problems in ensuring a high level of food security in China: the rigidity of demand for food, limited land resources, structural contradictions between supply and demand. This study proposes an approach to assessing the level of food security, based on the calculation of an integral index consisting of four units of indicators: the sub-index of provision of crop products, the sub-index of productivity, the sub-index of provision of livestock products, and the sub-index of food import dependence. The results show that, in general, the level of food security in China has increased over the period under review, but there are problems in self-sufficiency in crop and dairy products, as well as in an increase in food import dependence. A forecast of the dynamics of the integral index of the food security level and its sub-indices was constructed, which showed that a decrease in the integral index might occur due to a decrease in self-sufficiency in livestock products and import dependence, while the availability of crop products and yields will increase. The study showed that the measures taken by the Chinese government led to some positive changes, but it is necessary to take a comprehensive approach to this problem, to solve which it is necessary to use the potential of all sectors of the food industry.

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629–637 K.A. Zhichkin, V.V. Nosov, L.N. Zhichkina, I.A. Ramazanov, I.A. Kotyazhov and I.A. Abdulragimov
The food security concept as the state support basis for agriculture
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The food security concept as the state support basis for agriculture

K.A. Zhichkin¹*, V.V. Nosov²⁶, L.N. Zhichkina³, I.A. Ramazanov⁴, I.A. Kotyazhov⁵ and I.A. Abdulragimov²

¹Samara State Agrarian University, Faculty of Economics, Department of Economic Theory and Economics of AIC, 2 Uchebnaja street, RU446552 Kinel, Russia
²K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management, Institute of Economics, Management and Law, Department of Accounting and Corporate Finance, 73 Zemlyanoy val, RU109004 Moscow, Russia
³Samara State Agrarian University, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Land Management, Soil Science and Agrochemistry, 2 Uchebnaja street, RU446552 Kinel, Russia
⁴Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Faculty of Economics of Trade and Commodity Science, Basic Department of Trade Policy, 36 Stremyanny lane, RU117997, Moscow Russia
⁵K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management, Institute of Economics, Management and Law, Department of Criminal Law Disciplines, 73 Zemlyanoy val, RU109004 Moscow, Russia
⁶Peoples' Friendship University, Agrarian Technological Institute, 6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., RU117198 Moscow, Russia
*Correspondence: zskirill@mail.ru

Abstract:

The article discusses the problem of the country (territory) food security formation and its relationship with the state support size for agriculture. The work purpose is to determine the features of the food security formation in the Samara region and the relationship with the state support size for agricultural production in the region. Within this study framework, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: – study the features of the food security concept and its application in the Samara region conditions; – the optimal parameters of the region’s self-sufficiency determination in food products; – establishing a link between food security and the optimal amount of state support for the agro-industrial complex. Taking into account only the data on the region self-sufficiency, the region produces a sufficient amount of potatoes and vegetables. Comparing these indicators with rational consumption rates, it can be seen that the residents’ demand for agricultural products is provided mainly by potatoes, the consumption of which is 1.5 times higher than the rational. The subsidies existing system in the Samara region is not optimal from the point of view for ensuring food security, which indicates either the underfunding of the production for both these and other product groups. In 2017–2018 the amount of state support, based on the above calculations, had to be increased by at least 100–500 million rubles.

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1837-1853 R. Põldaru, A.-H. Viira and J. Roots
Optimization of arable land use to guarantee food security in Estonia
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Optimization of arable land use to guarantee food security in Estonia

R. Põldaru*, A.-H. Viira and J. Roots

Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Economics and Social Sciences, Department of Business Informatics and Econometrics, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51006 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: Reet.Poldaru@emu.ee

Abstract:

Agricultural and food sector has an important role to play in ensuring food security. A competitive agricultural sector warrants food security through increasing level of self-sufficiency in food, and export of surplus production in the sub-branches where it has a comparative advantage. One of the strategic tasks of the state is to secure food supply for the population. To perform this task, the state should estimate if the agricultural producers have the necessary capacity and resources to produce food to meet the needs of population. Mathematical modelling can be used as a tool in solving this analytical problem. The paper demonstrates possibilities of implementing linear programming model in optimizing the use of arable land for ensuring the food demand of Estonian population. The Estonian arable land use optimization model is essentially a static balancing model that simulates the demand and supply of basic food products (meat, dairy products, cereal products and potatoes). The basis for the demand side in the model is Estonian population, divided into 10 groups according to gender and age. The energy and protein needs of the respective population groups are taken into account. The supply side of the model is a typical agricultural production model that guarantees the consistency of crop and livestock farming. The model consists of 163 variables and 178 constraints (equations). The objective of the model is to minimize the use of arable land for field crops to ensure fodder for animal feed, and food for human food consumption. The model is used to analyse various land use strategies. According to the modelling results for ensuring food security of Estonia and to maintain export of dairy products, for which Estonia has a comparative advantage, in the 2016 volume, the total optimal arable land equals to 490,688 ha. There should be 83,600 dairy cows (with average milk yield 9,000 kg cow-1). It is necessary to grow 755,700 piglets per year in order to secure 40 kg of pork per inhabitant. Land use optimization results indicate that Estonian agriculture is able to supply Estonian people with the minimum necessary main food products to guarantee food security, and allows to export essential products (cheese, butter, skimmed milk powder, whole milk powder).

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