Tag Archives: fuel consumption

1071–1079 M. Kotek, M. Krumbholc and V. Hartová
Analysis of operating parameters of hybrid vehicle under real traffic condition
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Analysis of operating parameters of hybrid vehicle under real traffic condition

M. Kotek*, M. Krumbholc and V. Hartová

Czech University of Life Science Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Kamýcká 129, CZ16500 Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: kotekm@oikt.czu.cz

Abstract:

Nowadays, protecting the environment and reducing harmful emissions is an increasingly discussed topic. One way to reduce vehicle emissions, especially for individual car traffic, is to use a hybrid drive. The advantages of the electric drive and the classic combustion engine are used here. By combining both types of drive, a synergetic effect is achieved, where both drives can be used in optimal operating mode.
The aim of the experiment was to demonstrate the benefit of a hybrid vehicle in real driving. The operating parameters of the Lexus LX400h hybrid vehicle was compared to a conventional low-class vehicle Škoda Fábia 1.2 HTP with a classic SI engine. The experiment took place on a route including typical urban, extra-urban and motorway traffic condition. During experiment, the engine operating parameters and CO, CO2, HC and NOX emissions were measured.
The results show that the emission production and fuel consumption of the hybrid vehicle are significantly lower in urban traffic condition than the vehicle with classic internal combustion engine. On the contrary, in motorway conditions, the hybrid vehicle must use both drives, as higher performance is required to overcome higher driving resistances and therefore achieves higher fuel consumption and higher emissions than a conventional vehicle.

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1001–1012 M. Holúbek, M. Pexa, J. Čedík and D. Mader
Effect of long-term operation of combustion engine running on n-butanol – rapeseed oil – diesel fuel blend
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Effect of long-term operation of combustion engine running on n-butanol – rapeseed oil – diesel fuel blend

M. Holúbek*, M. Pexa, J. Čedík and D. Mader

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department for Quality and Dependability of Machines, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: holubekm@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

The short time use of biofuels in compression ignition engines is being studied by many authors. However, in many cases the real long–term operation of the engine on biofuels may cause problems. The article deals with the operation parameters of the combustion engine, fuelled by n-butanol – rapeseed oil – diesel fuel blend, during 70 hours operation in total. Two brand new diesel power generators Kipor KDE 6500 with output power of 4.6 kW were used for certain testing. The first generator was operated on 100% diesel fuel and it was used as a reference and the second generator was operated on experimental fuel containing 10% n-butanol – 20% rapeseed oil – 70% diesel fuel blend. The generators were equipped with single cylinder compression ignition engine Kipor KM 186 with the rated power of 5.7 kW. For the first 10 operating hours approx. 40% load was applied. Then, the generators worked for another 60 operating hours with approx. 70% load. The harmful emissions, smoke, fuel consumption and the amount of produced particles were also measured after 10 hours run-in period and then after another 60 hours of operation. Consequently, the results were compared. Measurements were carried out at gradually increasing electric power output, approx. 14%, 28%, 42%, 56%, 68%, 82% and 95% (in results can be found in Watts). Emission analyser and opacimeter BrainBee and Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer TSI were used for the measurements. The results showed increased production of emission of the engine running on fuel blend after 70 hours of operation. On the other hand, engine which operated on standard diesel reached lower fuel consumption. After 70 hours the blended fuel tended to produce more particles in comparison with diesel fuel.

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1089–1096 M. Krumbholc and M. Kotek
Analysis of operation parameters of electric and gasoline vehicle in real driving
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Analysis of operation parameters of electric and gasoline vehicle in real driving

M. Krumbholc* and M. Kotek

Czech University of Life Science Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Kamýcká 129, CZ16500 Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: krumbholc@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

The reduction of transport-generated energy consumption and consequent emission production are currently a problem of global interest. Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered as one promising technological solution for limiting transport-generated energy consumption and emission production, but theirs operating parameters are strongly influenced by immediately operating conditions and it is often very problematic to prove or disprove benefits of EVs in real operation.
The aim of this paper is to present comparison of operating parameters of the full-electric vehicle VW e-UP! with identical vehicle Skoda Citigo with gasoline engine in real driving. Both vehicles were tested together in several different areas of the Czech Republic. The experiment was focused on analysis of energy (fuel) consumption and production of exhaust gases (CO, CO2, NOX). VAG-COM diagnostics system was used for sensing engine operating parameters, GPS coordinate were measured by Garmin GPS-18x, vehicle Skoda Citigo was equipped by the PEMS analyzer VMK for RDE emission sensing (CO, CO2, HC, NOX). The results bring a real comparison between the electric vehicle and the vehicle with gasoline engine in terms of fuel consumption and emissions production.

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2282-2302 V. Zubko, H. Roubík, O. Zamora and T. Khvorost
Analysis and forecast of performance characteristics of combine harvesters
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Analysis and forecast of performance characteristics of combine harvesters

V. Zubko¹*, H. Roubík², O. Zamora³ and T. Khvorost⁴

¹Sumy National Agrarian University, Engineering and Technology Faculty, Department of Tractors, Agricultural Machinery and Transport Technologies, H. Kondratiieva street 160, UA40020 Sumy, Ukraine
²Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Department of Sustainable Technologies, Kamýcká street 129, CZ165 00 Prague 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
³Sumy State University, Educational-Research Institute of Business Technologies “UABS”, International Economics Department, Petropavlivska street 57, UA40030 Sumy, Ukraine
⁴Sumy National Agrarian University, Engineering and Technology Faculty, Department of Department of Occupational Safety and Physics, H. Kondratiieva street 160, UA40020 Sumy, Ukraine
*Correspondence: zubkovladislav@ukr.net

Abstract:

This article presents results of an experimental research of qualitative indicators of the modern combine harvesters (Case IH Axil Flow 8230, MasseyFergusonMFT7, JohnDeereS680i, ClaasLexion760, NewHolland CR9.80) used for winter wheat harvesting. Based on the results obtained, determination was made regarding the productivity of combine harvesters on the field, fuel consumption, and field conditions influence the grain loss and grain damage caused by a harvester. When conducting the experimental research of a combine’s performance on the field, a study of the effectiveness of the combine JohnDeereS680i was made on different modes. A program ‘Machine Unit’, designed by the authors, was used for the determination of productivity, fuel consumption and quality indicator for harvesting.

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737-748 I. Janoško and P. Kuchar
Evaluation of the fuel commercial additives effect on exhaust gas emissions, fuel consumption and performance in diesel and petrol engine
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Evaluation of the fuel commercial additives effect on exhaust gas emissions, fuel consumption and performance in diesel and petrol engine

I. Janoško* and P. Kuchar

Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Technical Faculty, Department of Transport and Handling, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, SK949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
*Correspondence: ivan.janosko@uniag.sk

Abstract:

The paper deals with the impact assessment of the additives used in diesel and petrol fuel to improve the power and emission parameters of the vehicle and its consumption. The usage of additives in engine fuels have an increasing tendency. The manufacturers claim that additives have positive impact on engine operating parameters, cleaning the fuel supply system and decreasing fuel consumption by improving the engine combustion process. Based on the above statements, measurements were performed to determine change in the engine parameters utilising additives. Measurements were performed under laboratory conditions on the MAHA MSR 500 test bench (dynamometer) to simulate free driving cycle selected by authors, which were carried out at constant engine speeds and constant load. Focus have been given on tracking of the vehicle’s external speed characteristic and measurement of selected parameters: CO, HC, O2, fuel consumption (petrol engine) and smoke, fuel consumption (diesel engine). Resulting values of the driving cycles measured before and after additives application have been then compared. The result of experiment confirmed that tested fuel additives improved performance and torque depending on engine mileage and fuel type. Tested diesel engine with the higher mileage (approx. 388 k km) showed significant increase in power (cca 3.57%) and torque while in newer petrol engine (approx. 73 k km) improvement has not been measured. Emissions were improved in both engines. Difference has been also measured in fuel economy as in petrol engine consumption insignificant increased while in the diesel engine it decreased. This paper brings new complex view on energetical and emission changes in internal combustion engines.

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1190-1199 M. Pexa, J. Čedík, B. Peterka and M. Holůbek
The operational parameters and emissions of portable generator after long-term operation on n-butanol
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The operational parameters and emissions of portable generator after long-term operation on n-butanol

M. Pexa, J. Čedík*, B. Peterka and M. Holůbek

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department for Quality and Dependability of Machines, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: cedikj@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

The utilization of biofuels in spark ignition and compression ignition engines is the trend of the recent time. The great expectations are inserted into n-butanol as a fuel, especially for spark ignition engines. The short time use of n-butanol in the SI (spark ignition) combustion engine does not make a big problem (start of the cold engine, change of the air-fuel ratio). The purpose of this contribution is the effect of long-term use of n-butanol as a fuel for SI engine. For this purpose the small portable generator was used. The harmful emissions, fuel consumption and power of the generator was measured then the generator was operated for 300 hours on 100% n-butanol with 80% of nominal load and the measurement was repeated. The generator was loaded with adjustable electrical resistance. As a reference fuel the petrol BA 95 with no bio-component was used. During the operation on n-butanol no technical problems occurred with the generator. After 300 hours of operation on n-butanol the performance parameters slightly decreased with little impact on production of harmful emissions components.

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1733–1742 M. Pexa, J. Čedík, F. Kumhála and R. Pražan
Comparison of mechanical and electric drive of mulcher
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Comparison of mechanical and electric drive of mulcher

M. Pexa¹*, J. Čedík¹, F. Kumhála² and R. Pražan³

¹Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Department for Quality and Dependability of Machines, Kamýcká 129, CZ16521, Prague 6, Czech Republic
²Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Agricultural Machines, Kamýcká 129, CZ16521, Prague 6, Czech Republic
³Research Institute of Agriculture Engineering, Drnovská 507, CZ161 01, Prague 6, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: pexa@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

The contribution is focused on comparison of mechanical and electric drive of mulcher with vertical axis of rotation by means of mathematical model. The mulcher has working width of 6 m and it is usually aggregated with tractor of minimal power of 150 kW. On the test plot the torque and power transferred trough the tractor PTO, fuel consumption and the production of gaseous emissions components were monitored. This field measurement served as a basis for modelling as well as measured complete characteristics of the combustion engine of the tractor John Deere 7930. As a main base for the modelling the record of real operation of the tractor with mulcher was used. Then, in the software product MathCad the operation of the tractor with mechanical and electrical drive of the mulcher was modelled. In the case of the electrical drive of the mulcher the tractor with internal combustion engine, connected to generator was taken into consideration. Due to overall lower efficiency of the electrical drive with generator, worse values of the fuel consumption and emissions production in comparison with mechanical drive were reached in case of electric drive. At hypothetical use of batteries (100% electro-powered tractor) and when the energy mix at Czech Republic is taken into consideration, it is possible to reach the quarter values of emissions production in comparison with combustion engine.

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2100–2112 O. Šařec and P. Šařec
Results of fifteen-year monitoring of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production in selected farm businesses of the Czech Republic from the viewpoint of technological and economic parameters
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Results of fifteen-year monitoring of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production in selected farm businesses of the Czech Republic from the viewpoint of technological and economic parameters

O. Šařec* and P. Šařec

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Machinery Utilization, Kamycka 129, CZ165 00 Prague 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: sarec@tf.czu.cz

Abstract:

The paper presents field trials focused on technological and economic comparison of conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) technologies of soil cultivation and drilling of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). During fifteen production years starting in 2001/02, trials were set up in 520 fields of around 40 farm businesses located in all of the districts of the Czech Republic. With respect to average seed yields, no significant differences were proved with respect to tillage systems, to the application of organic fertilizers and to the fertilization during sowing. Irregular distribution of trial fields into the individual production areas influenced the outcomes thou. Concerning winter rape seed yields, costs per production unit, and earnings per hectare, the most suitable production area proved still to be the potatoes one, but particularly over the recent period also beet production area. The corn production area produced, despite some exceptions, worst results. Over the fifteen-year time, the average oilseed rape yield of all 520 monitored fields was 3.72 t ha–1. Reduced tillage attained average yield of 3.73 t ha–1, i.e. matched almost exactly the one of 3.70 t ha–1 attained by conventional tillage. Unit production costs realized by conventional tillage surpassed by 4.1% those gained by reduced tillage. Related earnings per hectare were on the other hand lower by 17.0%. With respect to fuel and labour consumption, reduced tillage brought significant savings reaching in average 20.2%, respectively 24.0%. In terms of yields, reduced tillage with deeper soil loosening proved repeatedly favourable results.

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964–970 G. Birzietis,, V. Pirs, I. Dukulis and M. Gailis,
Effect of commercial diesel fuel and hydrotreated vegetable oil blend on automobile performance
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Effect of commercial diesel fuel and hydrotreated vegetable oil blend on automobile performance

G. Birzietis¹,*, V. Pirs¹, I. Dukulis¹ and M. Gailis¹,²

¹ Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Engineering, Motor Vehicle institute, 5 J. Cakstes boulv., LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
² Riga Technical University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Transport and Aeronautics, Department of Automotive Engineering, Viskalu 36, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
*Correspondence: gints.birzietis@llu.lv

Abstract:

The new fuel ‘Pro Diesel’ that contains hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) was recently introduced in Baltic market. It raised some interest on performance of the new fuel among fleet and individual consumers. The authors evaluated and compared performance of modern M1 class automobile, using regular fossil diesel fuel and Pro Diesel fuel.
Torque, power and fuel consumption of the vehicle have been evaluated on chassis dynamometer, in steady state and driving cycle mode.
Depending on test conditions, engine power and torque was increased up to 2%, and fuel consumption reduced up to 3.9%, when diesel fuel/ HVO blend was used.

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1162–1169 B. Peterka,, M. Pexa, J. Čedík, D. Mader and M. Kotek
Comparison of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of small combustion engine of portable generator operated on petrol and biobutanol
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Comparison of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of small combustion engine of portable generator operated on petrol and biobutanol

B. Peterka¹,*, M. Pexa¹, J. Čedík¹, D. Mader¹ and M. Kotek²

¹ Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department for Quality and Dependability of Machines, Kamycka 129, CZ165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
² Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Kamycka 129, CZ165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: peterka@oikt.czu.cz

Abstract:

The paper is focused on the comparison of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of small internal combustion engines operated on petrol and biobutanol. In case of this research, small engines are represented by combustion engine of portable power generator with nominal power of 4.8 kW equipped with carburettor for fuel mixture preparation. Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption were measured while gradual loading of the combustion engine. BrainBee emission analyser, Bruker FTIR spectrometer and EEPS particle analyser was used for the measurement. The mass fuel consumption was monitored using laboratory scale Vibra. The initial hypothesis expected that exhaust emissions and fuel consumption will be higher in case of use of nonstandard fuels. From the viewpoint of particles count can be stated, that their productions are at very low level for both kinds of used fuels. Production of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons is higher than in case of usual automobile engine due to simple engine control system and absence of additional emission control device (catalytic converter). The fuel consumption increased while using n-butanol as a result of its lower calorific value.

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