Tag Archives: gasoline

977-984 A. Birkavs and R. Smigins
An assessment of stratification of exhaust gases from gasoline and diesel engine
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An assessment of stratification of exhaust gases from gasoline and diesel engine

A. Birkavs* and R. Smigins

Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Motor Vehicle Institute, 5 J.Cakstes blvd, LV3001 Jelgava, Latvia
*Correspondence: aivars.birkavs@llu.lv

Abstract:

Research the aim of which was to find out stratification of main exhaust components outside the tailpipe of the vehicle was realized in Alternative Fuels Research Laboratory of Latvia University of Agriculture using two commercially produced testing vehicles (diesel and gasoline) and exhaust gas analytical system AVL SESAM FTIR. Additionally there was created a gas testing camera allowing to measure concentration of exhaust gas components in different heights and windless conditions. Regulated and unregulated emissions from gasoline and diesel engines were measured and discussed. Results obtained during the measurements showed main stratification of toxic components from both engine types from 0.6 to 1.1 m from the ground making a risk to get some health problems by inhalation, especially for children. Main components (NOx, CO, HC) of exhaust gases of gasoline engines stay in the air for about 15 minutes in height of 1.0 m from the ground level, while methane and acetylene stay in the air for a 15 minutes in height of 0.6 m from the ground level.

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1218-1227 R. Rannaveski and M. Listak
Flash points of gasoline from Kukersite oil shale: Prediction from vapor pressure
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Flash points of gasoline from Kukersite oil shale: Prediction from vapor pressure

R. Rannaveski and M. Listak*

Tallinn University of Technology, School of Engineering, Department of Energy Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, EE19086 Tallinn, Estonia
*Correspondence: madis.listak@ttu.ee

Abstract:

The flash point of liquid fuels, especially of light distillates such as gasoline or naphtha, is an important parameter for the handling of such materials. In this work, flash points and volatility characteristics (vapor pressure, boiling point) of a number of shale gasoline samples with different volatilities were measured. The shale gasoline fractions were produced from Kukersite oil shale using solid heat carrier retorting technology. Several existing correlations for calculating flash points of hydrocarbons and petroleum fractions are evaluated, and the absolute average deviations were found to be between 1.1 to 20.9 °C. New, easy-to-use correlations are proposed for estimating flash points for oil shale based gasolines from volatility characteristic that are readily available. The correlation proposed in this work are based on the vapor pressure at 20 or 37.8 °C (100 °F), Reid vapor pressure (37.8 °C) or boiling point. The average absolute deviations for these correlations were 0.82 to 0.93 °C, meaning they are comparable to or better than existing methods developed for petroleum oils, which mostly use boiling point as the input parameter, when applied to gasoline from Kukersite oil shale.

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400–406 V. Hönig, Z. Linhart and M. Orsák
Effect of gasoline contamination on the quality of arctic diesel fuel
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Effect of gasoline contamination on the quality of arctic diesel fuel

V. Hönig¹*, Z. Linhart² and M. Orsák¹

¹Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural
Resources, Department of Chemistry, Kamýcka 129, CZ16521, Prague 6, Czech Republic
²Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management,
Department of Management, Kamýcka 129, CZ16521, Prague 6, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: honig@af.czu.cz

Abstract:

Fuel quality is affected predominantly during its transport between producer and user as hired transporting companies may use one transport vehicle for more different fuels. Therefore, gasoline from previous transport may cause contamination of diesel fuel in next transport. Many drivers add gasoline as additive to diesel fuel to improve start of engine avoiding difficulties of cold winter temperatures. Therefore, the objective of this article is to assess maximum gasoline content added still compliant with default values of standard EN590 and values certified by producer. Only 2% maximal gasoline content in arctic diesel fuel was found safe for both machine and operator. Distillation curve, kinematic viscosity, density, lubricity and cetane index were influenced unimportantly. Cloud point, CFPP were not changed at all.

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333-340 V. Hönig, M. Kotek and J. Mařík
Use of butanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines
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Use of butanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines

V. Hönig¹*, M. Kotek² and J. Mařík²

¹Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, CULS-Czech University of Life SciencesPrague,Kamycka129,16521,Prague 6,CzechRepublic;
*Correspondence: honig@af.czu.cz
²Faculty of Engineering, CULS-Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521, Prague 6, Czech Republic

Abstract:

Abstract: Currently, the focus of the research and development is devoted to the wider use of fuels of plant origin focused on the possibility of producing a higher quality and use of motor fuel other than bioethanol. BioButanol is thus not only a promising alternative fuel for gasoline, but also a possible replacement for bioethanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines for transportation. Butanol can be produced virtually with the same ingredients as bioethanol, but in terms of fuel property, it is a preferable alternative to bioethanol. The efficient technology for its production by direct fermentation of simple sugars by fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis or modified polysaccharides is currently the subject of intensive research work. The paper presents fuel properties of butanol and simultaneously compared with the properties of gasoline and bioethanol. It also specifies the advantages and disadvantages of its use both in mixtures and in its pure form. The article also reviews the experimental analysis of emissions in the driving cycle fuel consumption of butanol. Mixtures of butanol – gasoline 5%, 30%, 50%, 85% and 100% were selected as a fuel without further additions as compared to the automotive gasoline and ethanolic E85. Switching to fuel based butanol in FFVs is not a technical problem, particularly based on the comparison with its demonstrable benefits over bioethanol. The development of renewable sources of carbohydrates from agricultural crops butanol can also help reduce imports of petroleum fuels in support of agriculture, availability of drinking water and an increase employment in the region.

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