Tag Archives: Indonesia

376-396 P.H. Sinaga, Elfiani, R. Yusuf, Nurhayati, R. Yunita, D.W. Utami and S.S. Girsang
Resistance of local rice progeny to ferrous iron toxicity between locations, seasons, and salt application in tidal lands
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Resistance of local rice progeny to ferrous iron toxicity between locations, seasons, and salt application in tidal lands

P.H. Sinaga¹*, Elfiani², R. Yusuf¹, Nurhayati¹, R. Yunita³, D.W. Utami³ and S.S. Girsang¹

¹National Research and Innovation Agency, Agricultural and Food Research Organization, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor Regency 16915, Indonesia
²The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Riau, Jl. Kaharudin Nasution No. 341 Pekanbaru, Indonesia
³National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Horticulture and Estate Crops. Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor Regency 16915, Indonesia
*Correspondence; parlinhs2013@gmail.com

Abstract:

Rice is the main food in Indonesia that grows in various agroecosystems. The challenge is ferrous iron toxicity (FIT), wherein adaptive varieties with high yield potential be required to support increased production. The study objectives were to produce tolerant and widely adapted lines of FIT from local parents, to determine the stability of the lines in various environments and seasons in FIT rice fields, and to determine the response of rice lines to salt application. Two local Fe-tolerant parents that is Cekau and Karya, were used as females to produce lines that were tested for FIT. High-yielding lines and early maturity were selected to represent tolerant, quite tolerant, and moderate to FIT. The research was designed according to a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Most of the local cultivar descent were resistant to FIT and stable at various locations and seasons. There was an interaction between the lines and the environment in the multilocation test, but in the high-Fe field test, there was no interaction between the lines and the season. Sensitive lines gave higher yields in the dry season than in the rainy season, but the tolerant lines are not affected by the seasons. The long dry season followed by high rainfall caused the accumulation of Fe on the soil surface to increase followed by a decrease in yields of moderate and sensitive lines. The addition of 200 kg ha^-1 of salt increased the productivity of tolerant, quite tolerant, and moderate lines by improving root quality.

Key words:

adaptation, climate, high-yielding variety, Indonesia, production

1228-1236 H. Roubík, J. Mazancová, A. Brunerová and D. Herák
Factors influencing use of fuelwood and its environmental impacts in Tapanuli Utara regency, North Sumatra
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Factors influencing use of fuelwood and its environmental impacts in Tapanuli Utara regency, North Sumatra

H. Roubík¹*, J. Mazancová¹, A. Brunerová² and D. Herák³

¹Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
²Department of Material Science and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
³Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: roubik@ftz.czu.cz

Abstract:

Deforestation and forest degradation, after burning of fossil fuels, is considered as the second leading cause of anthropogenic greenhouse emissions (accounting for over 17% of global carbon dioxide emissions) and has become an important issue concerning climate change mitigation. The provision of wood energy is generally thought to be a major contributor to forest loss. In Indonesia, more than half of the rainforest there, the third-largest swath in the world, has been felled in just a few years. Furthermore, permission has been granted to convert the majority of what remains into palm or acacia plantations. The logging and burning of forests to clear land for cultivation has made Indonesia one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the current level and influencing factors of the use of fuelwood among the rural population as well as the consequent environmental impacts in the target area in North Sumatra. The questionnaire survey using randomly selected households (n = 196) was administered in Tapanuli Utara regency from July to August 2014; followed by several field visits from August to September 2016. Obtained data were analysed with descriptive statistics and cross tabulation. The results indicate that fuelwood is a significant source of energy in the target area. For 31% of respondents it is the major energy source and for 64% it is a supplementary source. The high rate of use of wood as fuel corresponds to the poor financial situation of respondents and the easy accessibility of wood, but only from the surrounding area (own garden or adjacent land). Wood resources are often very distant (on average over 1,000 metres) as a consequence of high deforestation. This study reveals that there is a non-sustainable trend of forest conversion resulting in high land degradation in Tapanuli Utara regency.

Key words:

Developing countries, energy sources, Indonesia, rural household

1782–1794 H. Roubík, J. Mazancová, R.C. Situmeang, A. Brunerová and T.M. Simatupang
Livestock manure management practices in rural households in Tapanuli Utara regency of North Sumatra
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Livestock manure management practices in rural households in Tapanuli Utara regency of North Sumatra

H. Roubík¹, J. Mazancová¹*, R.C. Situmeang², A. Brunerová³ and T.M. Simatupang²

¹Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Department of Sustainable Technologies, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
²Del Institute of Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Department of Engineering Management, Kabupaten Toba Samosir, Sumatera Utara ID 22381, Indonesia
³Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
*Corresponding author: mazan@ftz.czu.cz

Abstract:

Livestock manure management is a big challenge for low income economies including the region of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Currently, low percentages of manure managed cause illegal disposals, and negative impacts on public health and environment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the current trends among livestock manure management practices in rural households and to recognize potential problems with it. The questionnaire survey using randomly selected households (n = 196) was administered in the province of North Sumatra, Tapanuli Utara regency, from July to August 2014; then followed by several field visits from August to September 2016. Data obtained in the survey were analysed with descriptive statistics and cross tabulation. Majority (81%) of rural households handle manure in the process of either composting (75%) or sun-drying (6%). Remaining 6% of the respondents does not handle manure at all. Manure could represent valuable energy and plant nutrition resource, if used appropriately. However, if not handled at all or handled inappropriately, it can lead to the environmental problems. Our results revealed that current ways of stabling of livestock are inappropriate from the environmental perspective. The stabling has got only dusty earthen floor, which makes difficult for farmers wash out the excrements and pollution. Hence, there is a need to improve manure management practice to eliminate potential threats as current practices do not protect either humans, animals or environment against the risk of contamination with potential zoonotic pathogens.

Key words:

Indonesia, livestock sector, manure management, rural household, Sumatra, waste management

921–934 L. Valešová, D. Herák, K. Shinoda, J. Mazancová and V. Verner
The nexus between food insecurity and socioeconomic characteristics of rural households in Western Indonesia identified with Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance´s approach by USAID
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The nexus between food insecurity and socioeconomic characteristics of rural households in Western Indonesia identified with Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance´s approach by USAID

L. Valešová¹*, D. Herák², K. Shinoda³, J. Mazancová⁴ and V. Verner¹

¹Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Department of Economics and Development, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, CZ 16521, Czech Republic
²Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, CZ 16521, Czech Republic
³Institut Teknologi Del, Faculty of Biotechnology and Agricultural Engineering, Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Laguboti, North Sumatra, ID 22381, Indonesia
⁴Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Department of Sustainable Technologies, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, CZ 16521, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: valesoval@ftz.czu.cz

Abstract:

This study investigated correlation and regression analyses designed to asses the respective relationships between the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale/ Prevalence (HFIAS/ HFIAP) as a measure of food access, the Household Dietary Diversity Score, the Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning (MAHFP) as a measure of food stability and (i) gender, (ii) education level, (iii) household income and (iv) agricultural strategies of households in North Sumatra province. Cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tobasa and Samosir Regency and its purpose was (1) to assess the food security status of rural households (N = 192), (2) to identify the influence of selected factors on their food security condition and (3) to deliver outcomes which might play an important role in establishing appropriate policies and intervention strategy to prevent and reduce food insecurity. Due to the proven applicability in many studies, Food and Nutrition Technical Assitance’s method was implemented for the comprehensive household food security analysis. The findings showed that 51.6% (n = 99) households were considered as moderately or severely food insecure, 18.8% of the sample as mildly food insecure (n = 36) and less than a third (n = 57) of households was food secure. Further analysis investigated the correlation between household food security status and selected variables. The results higlighted the role of rural education, agriculture extension services, creation of employment opportunities and improved dietary diversity in reducing household food insecurity.

Key words:

Dietary Diversity, Food Access, Food Insecurity, Indonesia