Tag Archives: legumes

601–611 S. Tanchyk, D. Litvinov, A. Butenko, O. Litvinova, O. Pavlov, A. Babenko, N. Shpyrka, V.Onychko, I. Masyk and T. Onychko
Fixed nitrogen in agriculture and its role in agrocenoses
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Fixed nitrogen in agriculture and its role in agrocenoses

S. Tanchyk¹, D. Litvinov¹, A. Butenko²*, O. Litvinova³, O. Pavlov¹, A. Babenko¹, N. Shpyrka¹, V.Onychko⁴, I. Masyk⁵ and T. Onychko⁴

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Agrobiological faculty, Department of Agriculture and herbology, Heroyiv Oborony 12, UA03041 Кyiv, Ukraine
²Sumy National Agrarian University, Faculty of agricultural technologies and environmental, Plant growing Department, H. Kondratieva 160, UA40021 Sumy, Ukraine
³National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Agrobiological faculty, Department of Agricultural chemistry and quality of plant products, Heroyiv Oborony 12, UA03041 Кyiv, Ukraine
⁴Sumy National Agrarian University, Faculty of agricultural technologies and environmental, Department of Selection and seeds named after M.D. Honcharov, H. Kondratieva 160, UA40021 Sumy, Ukraine
⁵Sumy National Agrarian University, Faculty of agricultural technologies and environmental, Department of Agriculture, soil and agrochemistry, H. Kondratieva 160, UA40021 Sumy, Ukraine
*Correspondence: andb201727@ukr.net

Abstract:

On typical low-humus black soils in short crop rotations with legumes (25–33%) and without them, it was found that depending on the set of crops in crop rotation and application of fertilizer rates, nitrogen yield per crop is from 355 kg ha-1 to 682 kg ha-1. The recommended fertilization system provided nitrogen compensation for crop yields by only 31–76%. Hence, in the plant-fertilizer system nitrogen deficiency varies from 161 to 370 kg ha-1. The greatest nitrogen deficiency in the soil is observed in crop rotation without the use of fertilizers with the following crop rotation: peas-winter wheat-grain maize-spring barley. The main source of nitrogen for plants is soil nitrogen. In crop rotations with legumes, biological nitrogen is supplied from the air, which in quantitative terms per rotation in crop rotations with peas is 109–288 kg ha-1, with soybeans 264–312, and with alfalfa 486 kg ha-1. Biological nitrogen in crop rotations with peas and soybeans is reimbursed from 25 to 62%, in crop rotation without legumes – 9% (non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation), and in crop rotation with alfalfa – 89% of the total nitrogen removal with the crop.

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1112–1123 L. Proskina and S. Cerina
Economic assessment of use of pulses in diets for captive red deer
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Economic assessment of use of pulses in diets for captive red deer

L. Proskina¹* and S. Cerina²

¹Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 18 Svetes Street, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
²Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, 2 Zinatnes street, Priekuli, Priekulu parish, LV-4130 Priekulu district, Latvia
*Correspondence:liga.proskina@llu.lv

Abstract:

The quality of compound feeds used in livestock diets could be enhanced by means of domestically produced pulses. Nevertheless, there are available few research studies that would allow us to identify the economic efficiency of livestock diets with pulses and the digestibility of protein by livestock for deer farming. Accordingly, the present research aims to identify the economic efficiency of diets supplemented with domestically produced pulses – faba beans, peas and lupine beans – for captive deer. The research conducted a feeding experiment on captive deer (Cervus elaphus) kept in fenced areas to identify the economic efficiency of diets supplemented with three legume species: peas (variety ‘Vitra’), faba beans (variety ‘Fuego’) and narrow-leaved lupin seeds (variety ‘Boregine’). Deer productivity was assessed by live weight, live weight gain, feed intake and protein efficiency ratio during the experimental period, as well as feed cost per live weight gain unit. The research found that feeding deer diets containing peas, faba beans and lupine beans as protein-rich feedstuffs was economically advantageous – at the same cost of feed, deer productivity increased and per-unit production costs decreased. Live weight gains during the experimental period were 1.02% higher in group 2 (pea diet), 1.78% higher in group 3 (faba bean diet) and 2.91% higher in group 4 (lupine diet) than in the control group. During the experimental period, the highest protein efficiency ratio was found in group 4 fed a diet containing lupine beans – a unit of protein fed (1 kg) yielded the highest weight gain or 0.43 kg. Feed costs per kg of live weight gain were the lowest in group 4 (2.32 EUR kg-1), 2.48 EUR kg-1 in group 3 and 2.70 EUR kg-1 in group 2, which was 20.56%, 14.81% and 7.39%, respectively, lower than those in the control group.

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243-253 A. Senberga, L. Dubova and I. Alsina
Germination and growth of primary roots of inoculated bean (Vicia faba) seeds under different temperatures
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Germination and growth of primary roots of inoculated bean (Vicia faba) seeds under different temperatures

A. Senberga*, L. Dubova and I. Alsina

Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Liela street 1, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
*Correspondence: alise.senberga@llu.lv

Abstract:

Temperature stress strongly affects legumes, rhizobia, and the efficiency of legume-rhizobia interaction. An experiment in 2016 was developed to test the seed germination in Petri dishes using different microorganism inoculation under several temperature treatments (4, 8, 12 and 20 °C). The goal of this study was to test the effect of rhizobium inoculation under low root zone temperature, and to examine whether the addition of mycorrhiza fungi could enhance rhizobia resistance to abiotic stress and improve faba bean (Vicia faba) germination. Four faba bean cultivars were selected for the experiment (‘Lielplatone’, ‘Fuego’, ‘Bartek’ and ‘Karmazyn’). Four different seed inoculation variants were included in this experiment – 1) with rhizobium inoculation; 2) with a commercial preparation containing mycorrhiza fungi; 3) inoculation with both rhizobium and the mycorrhiza fungi preparation; 4) control variant. The number of germinated seeds, the length of the primary root and the primary root weight ratio were determined. The effect of inoculation was found out to be dependent not only on the temperature treatment, but it also significantly varied between the bean cultivars. Variants where seeds were inoculated with both mycorrhiza and rhizobia resulted in the highest results (length and weight ratio of primary roots), comparing with other inoculation variants, regardless of temperature. Variants where seeds were treated only with rhizobia mostly showed the lowest results – both length and weight ratio of primary roots, especially under treatment of 4 °C. Faba bean inoculation with only rhizobia might not be efficient, when sowing seeds under a low temperature stress. Inoculation with both rhizobia and mycorrhiza fungi could be a potential solution, when the root zone temperature is still below the optimal temperature.

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2039–2047 L. Proskina and S. Cerina
Legumes in the diet of dairy cows from the economic perspective
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Legumes in the diet of dairy cows from the economic perspective

L. Proskina¹* and S. Cerina²

¹Faculty of Economics and Social Development, Latvia University of Agriculture, Svetes street 18, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
²Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, Priekuli Research Centre, Zinatnes street 2, LV-4130 Priekuli, Priekulu parish, Priekulu district, Latvia
*Correspondence: liga.proskina@llu.lv

Abstract:

Based on the experimental data, one can conclude that feed rations may comprise peas var. ‘Bruno’ and faba beans var. ‘Lielplatone’ grown in Latvia, thereby replacing the use of imported soybean cake. After summarising the results of trials, one can conclude that the diets comprising only one kind of legumes (peas or beans) were the most economically efficient, while the highest production efficiency was achieved if incorporating 22–24% ‘Lielplatone’ faba beans into the diet for dairy cows. In Europe and Latvia, foods of animal origin comprise, on average, 45% of the total agricultural output value; an essential role in the production of the foods is played by the supply of protein-rich feedstuffs to the livestock industry. An analysis of the factors influencing productivity in dairy farming shows that a diet is the most important factor that promote or hinder the functioning of the inherited genetic potential. In order to meet the dietary energy, protein and mineral requirements of cows, the cows have to be fed a diet according to their physiological condition. In recent years in many countries, research investigations into protein sources have been conducted, as a high protein content of feedstuff is the most expensive component of a feed ration. For this reason, their use in livestock diets might be economically inefficient and therefore the key focus has to be placed on opportunities to increase the content of protein in domestically produced feeds.

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594–601 L. Talgre, H. Roostalu, E. Mäeorg and E. Lauringson
Nitrogen and carbon release during decomposition of roots and shoots of leguminous green manure crops
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Nitrogen and carbon release during decomposition of roots and shoots of leguminous green manure crops

L. Talgre¹*, H. Roostalu², E. Mäeorg¹ and E. Lauringson¹

¹Department of Field Crop and Grassland Husbandry, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
²Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia
*Correspondence: liina.talgre@emu.ee

Abstract:

In Nordic conditions, soils are frozen during winter, affecting the decomposition rates of crop residues. Hence, the decomposition rates of above- and underground biomass and the dynamics of the N and C released into the soil were studied in trials focused on green manure crops. The decomposition of the residue and N release from the residue varied among the five species of legume tested. There was a marked difference in decomposition rates between shoots and roots, which may also be explained by the differences in the chemical composition of the residue. The shoot residue decomposes rapidly and it serves as a source of N for the subsequent crop. The root residue decomposes more slowly and this had a positive effect in a crop rotation in the second year.

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311-316 F.L. Stoddard
Improving food and feed security in the Nordic and Baltic region by using appropriate crop rotations
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Improving food and feed security in the Nordic and Baltic region by using appropriate crop rotations

F.L. Stoddard

Dept. Agricultural Sciences, PL 27 (Latokartanonkaari 5), 00014 University ofHelsinki, Finland; email frederick.stoddard@helsinki.fi

Abstract:

Abstract: Rotations in the Nordic and Baltic region are, as elsewhere in Europe, heavily biased towards cereals. Broadleaved crops in general, and grain legumes in particular, offer a range of environmental and agricultural benefits that are inadequately exploited in this region. This article reviews some of the options available to the region. Brassica oilseeds can be used as catch crops, cover crops and biofumigants, as well as for their oil and protein-rich meal. Fibre hemp is a good soil-cleaning crop with excellent bioenergy potential. Grain legumes produce food and animal feed locally while contributing positively to soil health, and are particularly under-exploited regionally, in spite of the availability of suitable germplasm. The prospects for using mainstream alternative crops in regional rotations are therefore very good and this use should lead to improved agricultural sustainability and economic viability.

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341-346 E. Koskor, R. Muljar, K. Drenkhan, R. Karise, A. Bender, E. Viik,A. Luik and M. Mänd
The chronic effect of the botanical insecticide Neem EC on the pollen forage of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris L.
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The chronic effect of the botanical insecticide Neem EC on the pollen forage of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris L.

E. Koskor¹, R. Muljar¹, K. Drenkhan¹, R. Karise¹, A. Bender², E. Viik¹,A. Luik¹ and M. Mänd¹

¹Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences,Kreutzwaldi Str. 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia; phone: +372 7313396;fax +372 7313351; e-mail: eda.koskor@ut.ee
²Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute, Aamisepa 1, Jõgeva alevik 48 309, Jõgeva, Estonia

Abstract:

The botanical insecticide Neem EC is allowed for use as a pest control agent in organic farming. Although the preparation is considered safe for honey bees, its effect on bumble bees has been less studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sublethal chronic doses of the botanical insecticide Neem EC (1% azadirachtin) on the pollen forage of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris L. Four pairs of colonies (one pair consisting of a test and a control colony) were placed at 0, 400, 800 and 1200 m from leguminous fields. Prior to taking the colonies to the field the test colonies were fed with a sublethal dose of Neem EC (0.01 ppm azadirachtin in the food) for a three-week period, whereas the control colonies were fed untreated food. Pollen loads of homing bees were removed and analysed. Our results show that sublethal doses of Neem EC may affect the pollen forage of bumble bees.

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