Tag Archives: meat quality

672-681 R. Pereira Pinto, M. Vaz Velho, M. Barros, N. Reis and P. Pires
The effect of feed supplementation with inulin on boar taint levels and meat quality of entire male pigs
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The effect of feed supplementation with inulin on boar taint levels and meat quality of entire male pigs

R. Pereira Pinto¹²³*, M. Vaz Velho¹², M. Barros¹², N. Reis¹³ and P. Pires¹²

¹CISAS ‐ Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, PT4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
²Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, PT4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
³EDIUS - International PhD School of the USC, University of Santiago de Compostela, ES15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
*Correspondence: rpinto@ipvc.pt

Abstract:

Skatole and androstenone are the two main compounds responsible for the foul odour in entire male pigs’ meat, known as boar taint. This study evaluated the effect of feed supplementation with inulin on the boar taint levels of 30 entire male pigs. Two months before slaughter, the animals were allocated into three groups (n = 10). The control group received a standard commercial diet. The other groups were fed the same commercial diet with 3% and 6% added inulin, respectively. Results showed that inulin addition to the feed significantly reduced skatole levels in the pigs’ adipose tissue compared with the control group. The levels of androstenone were not affected by the dietary approach. Although there were differences in some parameters, the supplementation with inulin did not promote extensive changes in the meat quality parameters between the tested groups. When raising entire males, supplementation with inulin in finishing diets could be considered to reduce the boar taint perception by the consumer.

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1127–1137 E. Aplocina
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing Boer goats
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Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing Boer goats

E. Aplocina

Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Animal Sciences, Liela iela 2, LV 3001 Jelgava, Latvia
Correspondence: elita.aplocina@llu.lv

Abstract:

In developing countries, goat kids are usually reared naturally under extensive conditions, but kids that are fed high concentrate diets generally have higher daily gains, dressing percentage and carcass quality then those produced in extensive system. Feeding of goat kids is the main factor affecting growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing Boer goats. A study was carried out within the framework of the project ‘Zootechnical and economic efficiency of feeding of fodder pulses to ruminant’s meat production’. Eight kids of Boer breed were individually fattened for 60 days under an intensive management system, of which 4 kids received ad libitum concentrated feed of melted grain mix (GG) that was produced in farm and consisted of 25% oats, 25% barley and 50% fodder beans, but 4 kids received pelleted concentrated feed (CG) produced in feed company. Fattening performance, slaughter traits and carcass characteristics were evaluated. The carcasses were analyzed by weight and proportion of tissue: muscle, bone, fat. Daily live weight gain during 60 days of the fattening period was 235 g per day for CG kids, which is by 42.4% greater than for GG group kids (165 g per day (P < 0.05)). Feeding of GG kids by grain mix showed a lower growth rate of kids than feeding by pelleted concentrated feed (31.1 kg and 35.5 kg pre-slaughter, respectively), but had a higher dressing percentage (49.5% and 43.5%, respectively). Consequently, there was no significant difference in carcass weight (14.36 kg and 14.50 kg, respectively). GG carcasses had a higher fat content – 11.8% vs. 9.4%. In terms of the muscle-to-fat ratio, the carcasses of the kids of the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05), where in the GG group there was 5.0 kg of muscle tissue per kg of fat and in the CG group there was 6.8 kg of muscle tissue. Total feed costs per day per animal and per kg live weight gain were higher in the CG group, as the feed price from a feed company was significantly higher than for farm-based grain meal. The results suggest that diet has an impact on the goat kid growth performance and carcass quality, and in intensive fattening systems it is more profitable to use a self-produced grain mix.

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376–392 D. Chodová and E. Tůmová
Insects in chicken nutrition. A review
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Insects in chicken nutrition. A review

D. Chodová* and E. Tůmová

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Animal Science, Kamýcká 129, CZ165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: chodova@af.czu.cz

Abstract:

Increasing chicken meat production needs an alternative and easily available protein source as a potentional substitute for soybean meal or fishmeal. The insect meals seem to be the most appropriate alternative. Of all insect species, Tenebrio molitor, Hermetia illucens and Musca domestica are the most suitable species for commercial exploitation in poultry feed. On the basis of numerous studies, insect meals contain sufficient nutrients (high quality protein and fat) for broiler production. Potential of insect meals used for feed of chickens is discussed based on published data. Many reviews summarizing the latest insights about the insect meals as an alternative protein source in poultry have been written. However, the present work describes not only the insect production, nutritional value and digestibility of the insect meals, but mainly the effect on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of chickens fed insect meals, which has not been in any review summarized yet. The study describes also the risks and safety of the insect meals. Based on numerous studies, insect meals can have a positive influence on growth without negative impact on carcass and meat quality characteristics.

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1273–1286 E. Aplocina and L. Degola
Effect of concentrate supplementation on fattening performance and carcass composition of finished meat-goat kids
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Effect of concentrate supplementation on fattening performance and carcass composition of finished meat-goat kids

E. Aplocina* and L. Degola

Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Animal Sciences, Liela street 2, LV3001 Jelgava, Latvia
*Correspondence: elita.aplocina@llu.lv

Abstract:

A study on the effective usage of the concentrated feed supplement to Boer meat goat kids was carried out within the framework of the project ‘Zootechnical and economic efficiency of feeding of fodder pulses to ruminant’s meat production’. Since the Boer goat breed in Latvia is still very rare, there is a lack of experience in the feeding and production of meat goat for better carcass traits and meat quality. This study was arranged in autumn period, using the Boer cross breed male kids born in 2018. In control group (OG) four kids were kept together with mothers till finishing and were fed by oats as concentrated feed supplement. In research group (BG) four goat kids were weaned from mothers and placed in shed to explain influence of mix of 85% of oats and 15% of fodder beans as protein supplement to the fattening outcomes. In the trial kids were weighed at the starting and ending of the trial. Carcass quality is assessed according to the European standard for the classification of carcasses of sheep, where EUROP letter designations have been used to denote musculature development, and the fat deposition level is indicated by numbers 1–5. The length of the carcass and the circumference of the hips were measured using the tape measure. The carcasses were analyzed by type of tissue: muscle, bone, fat. The fastest growing rate during the fattening period of 72 days was given to BG kids with a mean daily live weight gain of 72 g, while the OG kids achieved 69 g. After slaughter, the carcass yield of OG kids was from 42.5% to 51.4%, but for BG kids was 38.5% to 42.5%. The quality of the obtained carcasses was an average, and score for musculature was from R to P class, but the average score for fat deposition was from 2.25 to 2.75 points and higher fat cover was observed in BG kids. Higher proportion of lean meat (59.1%) and fat tissues (16.3%) were observed to OG kids, but higher proportion of bone (25.9%) was in BG kid’s carcasses. The consumption of concentrated feed for 1 kg of live weight gain indicates the conversion of feed nutrients. The consumption of oats per kilogram of live weight gain was 3.21 kg for OG kids, but the consumption of the feed mix of oats and beans for BG kids was 2.83 kg. Based on physical parameters of goat kid carcass and high level of lean meat, fattening of Boer cross breed goat kids by using of oats or feed mix can be an ideal choice for farmers, which try to find new products and free market for consumers.

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176–185 N. Lebedová, R. Stupka, J. Čítek, M. Okrouhlá and K. Zadinová
Effect of feed restriction on muscle fibre characteristics and meat quality traits in pigs
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Effect of feed restriction on muscle fibre characteristics and meat quality traits in pigs

N. Lebedová*, R. Stupka, J. Čítek, M. Okrouhlá and K. Zadinová

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Animal Science, Kamýcká 129, CZ16500 Prague, Czech Republic
*Correspondence: lebedova@af.czu.cz

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on muscle fibre composition and meat quality traits in pigs. Forty crossbred pigs (Pietrain × Large WhiteSire) × (Landrace × Large WhiteDam) were divided into two feeding groups: ad libitum (AL) and restricted (R1). The effects of feed restriction on muscle fibre characteristics of the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) and meat quality traits were evaluated. Muscle fibres were stained and classified as fibre types I, IIA, and IIB. For each muscle fibre type, the fibre density, fibre cross-section area (CSA), and fibre proportion were determined. Fibres IIB were divided into small- (diameter < 46 μm), medium- (diameter 46–86 μm) and large-sized (diameter > 86 μm) fibres. The AL group had significantly lower (P < 0.05) percentage area of IIB fibres and lower (P < 0.01) CSA of IIB fibres than did the R1 group. The R1 group had significantly greater content of large-sized IIB fibres and smaller content of medium-sized IIB fibres than did the AL group (P < 0.05). The group fed ad libitum had greater backfat thickness and smaller lean meat content and tended to have better meat quality traits compared to the restricted group. The results of this study show that strong feed restriction had a negative effect on muscle fibre composition, especially on the amount of large-sized fibres IIB, which are associated with poor meat quality.

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1306–1314 I. Jansons, V. Strazdina, R. Anenkova, D. Pule, I. Skadule and L. Melece
Development of new pig carcasses classification formulas and changes in the lean meat content in Latvian pig population
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Development of new pig carcasses classification formulas and changes in the lean meat content in Latvian pig population

I. Jansons¹*, V. Strazdina¹, R. Anenkova¹, D. Pule¹, I. Skadule² and L. Melece³

¹Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, St: Lejupes 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia
²Food and Veterinary Service, St. Peldu 30, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
³Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, St. Struktoru 14, Riga, LV-1039, Latvia
*Correspondence: imantsjansons@inbox.lv

Abstract:

 Pig classification is based on objective estimation of the lean meat content of the carcasses. The European Union established a common framework for the classification of pig carcasses. Carcass classification serves as a quality development tool to encourage the breeding of animals, from which it is possible to get high quality carcasses for processors and consumers. It is a common practice to recalculate pig carcasses classification formulas and update existing classification methods (or develop new methods) after every five years.
The representative samples of 145 pig carcasses from all regions of Latvia were used for the dissection trial. The precisely dissected carcasses with the warm carcass weight 60–110 kg were selected according to fat thickness and gender of pigs (the sex ratio were 50% females and 50% castrated males). From the experimental data were developed new formulas for the four methods Intrascope (Optical Probe); Manual method (ZP); Pork Grader (PG200); Optigrade MCP. During sampling the average warm carcass weight was 89.31 kg. New coefficient was detected and formula was developed for calculation of carcass standard presentation in all cases if some of the carcass parts are missing; for the missing head 8.345, for the missing tail 0.072, for the missing forefeet 0.764, for the missing hind feet 1.558. The comparison between the currently used and new experimentally obtained formulas showed difference up to 1.86% in lean meat content. The results suggest high accuracy of new regression formulas, which fully meets requirements of EU legislation.

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900-906 C.M.A. Barone,, R. Di Matteo, L. Rillo, C.E. Rossetti, F. Pagano andD. Matassino
Pork quality of autochthonous genotype Casertana, crossbred Casertana x Duroc and hybrid Pen ar Lan in relation to farming systems
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Pork quality of autochthonous genotype Casertana, crossbred Casertana x Duroc and hybrid Pen ar Lan in relation to farming systems

C.M.A. Barone¹,*, R. Di Matteo¹, L. Rillo², C.E. Rossetti², F. Pagano¹ andD. Matassino²

¹University of Naples Federico II. Department of Agriculture, Via Università100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy. 2ConSDABI. National focal point-FAO. Piano Cappelle, 82100 Benevento, Italy. *Correspondence: carmela.barone@unina.it

Abstract:

In the last decades, the development of livestock has coincided with improvements of the animals performance. The swine has been strongly selected for several traits that determined a significant spread of some genetic types, more productive than the old autochthonous genetic types (AGT). Therefore, the AGT suffered a growing demographic contraction. The AGT are able to reduce the loss of genetic variability, potentially useful for the new generation and they play an important economic role for their productive capacity in harsh environments; furthermore, they can be used to obtain natural and ‘traditional’ products. In the current research the black AGT Casertana (CT) was compared with the crossbreed CT×Duroc in relation to gender (castrated males and entire females) and farming systems: Open Air and Outdoor (plus access to the bush) for some qualitative properties of meat. In addition ‘Fiocco’ ham, a traditional product, from CT, CT×DU and Pen ar Lan pigs was analyzed. The results showed that the CT pigs had a significantly higher percentage of fat, a thicker adipose tissue, and their meat had lower values of hardness, chewiness, shear force, and appeared significantly redder than other genotypes meat. The farming systems and gender did not affect the carcass composition and physical traits of meat.

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1131-1142 A. Tänavots, A. Põldvere, J. Torp, R. Soidla, T. Mahla, H. Andreson andL. Lepasalu
Effect of age on composition and quality of Longissimus thoracis muscle of the moose (Alces alces L.) harvested in Estonia
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Effect of age on composition and quality of Longissimus thoracis muscle of the moose (Alces alces L.) harvested in Estonia

A. Tänavots¹*, A. Põldvere²⋅³, J. Torp², R. Soidla², T. Mahla², H. Andreson² andL. Lepasalu²

¹Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014, Tartu, Estonia; *Correspondence: alo.tanavots@emu.ee 2Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51014, Tartu, Estonia 3Estonian Pig Breeding Association, Aretuse 2, 61411 Märja, Tartumaa, Estonia

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical composition and technological parameters of muscle (Longissimus thoracis) from adult and calf moose (Alces alces L.) hunter-harvested in the forest of southern Estonia. The experiment was based on 13 hunted moose, of which seven were adults (two males and five females) and six calves (two males and four females). The highest intramuscular fat (IMF) level was found in adult female moose muscles (1.50%), and the lowest in adult male moose muscle (0.46%). Adult moose muscles had higher IMF level (1.14%) than calves (0.98%) (P = 0.451). The protein content found in the muscle samples of adult moose was 0.64% higher than that in calves (21.80%) (P = 0.045). The moisture content of muscle from adult moose was lower (75.30%) and varied more than that of calves (76.07%) (P = 0.051). The initial (5.00–5.59) and ultimate (5.40–5.64) pH in muscle samples were within the normal range, both in adults and calves, except in one of the hunted female calf that had high pH values (pH45min = 6.60 and pH72hr = 6.90), obviously because of stress. The WHC of moose muscles was considerably high (60.50–75.20%), and cooking loss for thermally processed moose muscle ranged between 19.10% and 33.39%. Muscle sample from adult moose had the highest cooking loss (29.69%) while that from the calves was the lowest (26.42%) (P = 0.191). More force (32.54 N) was needed to share muscle samples from adult moose compared to cutting the samples from calves (23.92 N) (P = 0.374). Based on the results of the experiments it can be concluded that the meat from younger moose had better technological quality and tenderness.

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509-514 I. Vitina, V. Krastina, M. Daugavietis, J. Miculis and S. Cerina
Applying Spruce Needle Extractives in Broiler Chicken Feeding
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Applying Spruce Needle Extractives in Broiler Chicken Feeding

I. Vitina¹, V. Krastina¹, M. Daugavietis², J. Miculis¹ and S. Cerina¹

¹Research Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine “Sigra” of Latvia University of Agriculture, Institūta 1, Sigulda, Latvia, LV-2150; e-mail: sigra@lis.lv
²Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rigas 111, Salaspils, Latvia, LV 2169; e-mail: inst@silava.lv

Abstract:

Spruce needle extractive substances were produced from a forestry by-product –green biomass of spruce needles. Spruce needle extracts contain a significant amount of natural biologically active substances. During our investigations the evaluation of biologically active substances from spruce needle total extract and of neutral extracts was carried out to assess their effects on innovative composition broiler chicken meat. The feeding trial was conducted with cross Ross 308 broiler chickens by adding the spruce needle total extract and, separately, neutral extract substances to the composition of broiler chickens’ diet. Using spruce needle extractive substances increased live weight on average by 4.31–7.58% (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased feed conversion by 6.28–7.33% in comparison with the control group. The use of neutral extract substances in the poultry diet improved the composition of fatty acids, increased the amount of total carotenoids by 0.45–0.57 mg kg−1 and decreased the cholesterol level by 11.16–23.66 mg 100g−1 in meat.

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389-394 I. Jansons, A. Jemeljanovs, I. H. Konosonoka, V. Sterna, B. Lujane
The Influence of Organic Acid Additive, Phytoadditive and Complex of Organic Acid Additive Phytoadditive on Pig Productivity, Meat Quality
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The Influence of Organic Acid Additive, Phytoadditive and Complex of Organic Acid Additive Phytoadditive on Pig Productivity, Meat Quality

I. Jansons, A. Jemeljanovs, I. H. Konosonoka, V. Sterna, B. Lujane

Research Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine “Sigra” of Latvia University of Agriculture, Instituta 1, Sigulda, Latvia, LV-2150; e-mail: sigra@lis.lv

Abstract:

A study was conducted to determine the efficiency of organic acids, phytoadditives and an organic acids and phytoadditive complex on pigs' growth processes and meat quality. Control group pigs (group 1) were fed with a complete ration (basic feed); the trial group pigs additionally received an organic acid additive (group 2), a phytoadditive (group 3), an organic acids and phytoadditive complex (group 4). The highest impact of 12% on the live weight gain of pigs was exercised by inclusion of the newly developed phytoadditive in the feed ration compared with the control group. The feed conversion ratio for pigs having received organic acid additives was by 4.2% higher, for animals having received the phytoadditive – by 8.1% and for animals having received a complex of both – by 7.45% higher than for the control group pigs where feed consumption was 3.09. The phytoadditive and the organic acids and phytoadditive complex as a pig feed supplement ensures a higher protein quality in muscle tissue, i.e., a higher nutritive value. The highest impact on the cholesterol level reduction in muscle tissue was exercised by the phytoadditive by 51.1 mg kg−1 in comparison with the control group.

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