Tag Archives: oats

711–720 O. Chernikova, Yu. Mazhaysky, S. Buryak, T. Seregina and L. Ampleeva
Comparative analysis of the use of biostimulants on the main types of soil
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Comparative analysis of the use of biostimulants on the main types of soil

O. Chernikova¹*, Yu. Mazhaysky², S. Buryak², T. Seregina¹ and L. Ampleeva²

¹Academy of law management of the federal penal service of Russia, Sennaya street 1, RU390036 Ryazan, Russia
²Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev, Kostychev street 1, RU390044 Ryazan, Russia
*Correspondence: chernikova_olga@inbox.ru

Abstract:

A plant requires certain physiological conditions for normal and productive development. The determining vital factor is the nutritional status of the soil and the environment. At present, the biologization of agriculture is becoming increasingly important. The use of biostimulants is one of the rapidly developing areas in the world practice of crop production and, in the cultivation of agricultural crops, contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products and the improvement of the environment.Such substances can be metal nanoparticles, as well as preparations with a high level of biogenicity, nutritional value and physiology,they are used to improve the growth and development of plants, as well as to activate soil-microbiological processes, which is a liquid-phase biological product (LPBP). The purpose of this work is to identify the effectiveness of the use of a liquid-phase biological product and cobalt nanoparticles in pre-sowing seed treatment against the background of a minimum dose of organic fertilizers, the effect on the productivity and quality indicators of green mass when growing a grass mixture with over-sowing oats on three main types of soil: sod-podzolic, gray forest and black soil.Used cobalt nanoparticles have the following characteristics 40–60 nm, phase composition – Co – 100%. A suspension of nanoparticles was obtained by dispersing with ultrasound in an aqueous solution. LPBP is a dark brown liquid with a specific odor, pH =6.5–7.5, contains N, C, P, K, Ca, Mg, tryptophan, microorganisms. Cobalt nanopowder in solution contained 0.01 g per hectare seeding rate; LPBP concentration was 1%. The seeds were soaked 30 min before sowing in double distilled water (control), in a suspension of nanoparticles and LPBP. The research was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Presowing seed treatment in combination with organic fertilizers in minimal doses provided an increase in yield on soddy-podzolic soil – by 5.69–21.71%, gray forest soil – 2.64–7.50%, black soil – 9.18–18.28%, while no decrease in nutritional value was observed: metabolizable energy, feed units, digestible protein. It is noted that the use of cobalt nanoparticles leads to an increase in the carotene content.

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749-759 S. Zute, Z. Vīcupe and M. Gruntiņa
Factors influencing oat grain yield and quality under growing conditions of West Latvia
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Factors influencing oat grain yield and quality under growing conditions of West Latvia

S. Zute, Z. Vīcupe and M. Gruntiņa

State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute, Dižstende, Talsi region, Latvia, LV-3258;e-mail: sanita.zute@stendeselekcija.lv

Abstract:

Ecological comparison of oat varieties are set up every year at the State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute, but five out of the test varieties were estimated in a longer period of time – from 1993 till 2009. For these varieties, productivity and quality indices were measured: grain yield, volume weight, 1000 grain weight, husk content, crude protein content. Meteorological conditions were characterized by two basic indices – the mean temperature and amount of precipitation in the vegetation period. Observations show that in the reporting period precipitation of the vegetation period (coefficient of variation for index variability between years was from 43.1% in June up to 55.3% in April) and mean temperature in April (coefficient of variation was 26.4%) varied most significantly. The average productivity of trial oats varied from 3.56 to 6.62 t ha-1. The most stable yields of grain in the reporting period were provided by the oat varieties Stmara and Laima (the average yields respectively 5.35 ± 0.89 and 5.83 ± 1.07 t ha-1, coefficient of variation respectively 14.9 and 17.0%). Significant, close to medium correlation was established between oat grain volume weight and mean daily temperature in May, July and August (respectively r = –0.468, 0.464 and 0.549 > r0.005 = 0.460). Relationships analyzed between oat grain yield, its quality characterizing indices and parameters characterizing meteorological conditions showed that grain yield and quality of oats in the Northwest region of Latvia were influenced mainly by rainfall in particular months of the vegetation period.

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374-380 A. Leistrumaitė, Ž. Liatukas and K. Razbadauskienė
The spring cereals traits of soil cover, disease resistance and yielding essential for organic growing
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The spring cereals traits of soil cover, disease resistance and yielding essential for organic growing

A. Leistrumaitė, Ž. Liatukas and K. Razbadauskienė

Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Instituto al. 1, Akademija, Kėdainiai distr., LT-58344,Lithuania; e-mail: alge@lzi.lt

Abstract:

Investigation on 12 spring barley and 7 oat genotypes under organic growing system during 2007–2008 revealed that mean yield of oats was 3.3 t ha-1, whereas barley yielded on average 2.3 t ha-1. Also, oats were found to be more resistant to leaf diseases. Oats were severely infected by leaf rust in 2007, but the disease did not correlate (r = –0.17) with yield. The majority of barley genotypes were infected with powdery mildew in both years and with leaf spotting diseases in 2007. Leaf spotting diseases negatively influenced (r = –0.53*) yield. Oats possessing higher vegetative growth rate, higher plant height, large and prostrate leaves, and larger stems were superior to barley by canopy traits during the growing season.

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684-690 A. Nykänen, L. Jauhiainen and M. Rinne
Biomass production and feeding value of whole-crop cereal-legume silages
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Biomass production and feeding value of whole-crop cereal-legume silages

A. Nykänen¹, L. Jauhiainen² and M. Rinne³

¹ MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Lönnrotinkatu 3, FIN-50100Mikkeli, Finland; e-mail: arja.nykanen@mtt.fi
² MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Method Services, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
³ MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland

Abstract:

In eastern Finland, 12 mixtures of spring wheat, spring barley, spring oats and/or rye with vetches and/or peas  were evaluated in  field experiments from 2005 to 2007 for their dry matter (DM) production, crude protein (CP) concentration and digestibility using three different harvesting  times.  Spring  wheat-pea  and  spring  wheat-vetch-rye  mixtures  produced  the  highest DM  yields  (5,000–6,000  kg  ha-1)  while  the  lowest  yields  were  found  with  spring  oats-vetch (4,000 kg ha-1 DM). The highest CP concentrations were found in vetches (200 g kg-1 DM) and lowest in  spring cereals (90–120 g kg-1  DM). Organic  matter digestibility  was  highest in peas (700–750  g  kg-1)  and  lowest  in  spring  rye  and  wheat  (550–610  g  kg-1).  It  is  suggested  that decisions concerning when to harvest legume-cereal mixtures for forage could be based on the maturity stage of the cereal, because changes in digestibility and CP concentration are slow in legumes during the potential harvesting period.  Key words: barley, dry matter yield, forage digestibility, oats, pea, rye, vetch, wheatINTRODUCTION

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