Tag Archives: phytohormones

xxx M. Osipov, V. Polishchuk, А. Brovdi, L. Kunpan and I. Kozachenko
Optimization of the culture medium for the in vitro micropropagation of Hydrangea L. plants
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Optimization of the culture medium for the in vitro micropropagation of Hydrangea L. plants

M. Osipov, V. Polishchuk, А. Brovdi*, L. Kunpan and I. Kozachenko

Uman National University, 1 Instytutska Str., UA20305 Uman, Ukraine
*Correspondence: abrovdi@ukr.net

Abstract:

Species of the genus Hydrangea L. are valuable ornamental plants widely used in landscaping, creating a demand for large quantities of genetically uniform planting material. Traditional vegetative propagation may be insufficiently effective for producing the required quantities of planting material, whereas in vitro micropropagation enables the rapid production of large numbers of regenerated plants under controlled conditions. However, the efficiency of hydrangea micropropagation depends considerably on genotype, the balance of plant growth regulators, the carbohydrate source, and mineral nutrition. Therefore, determining optimal conditions for their in vitro cultivation is of considerable importance. The aim of the study was to investigate and optimize the composition of the culture medium for the micropropagation of Hydrangea L. species to obtain high-quality, genetically uniform plant material for ornamental horticulture. The study was conducted in vitro during 2020‑2024 using 1.0–1.5 cm long shoots containing apical meristems of H. macrophylla ‘Nikko Blue’, H. paniculata ‘Grandiflora’ and H. arborescens ‘Annabelle’. The explants were cultured for shoot multiplication on a medium based on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) formulation, supplemented with plant growth regulators, iron, and carbohydrates at various concentrations. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher’s F-test to assess the statistical significance of the effects of the factors under study. Differences between the means were evaluated using the least significant difference (LSD₀₅) at a significance level of p < 0.05. The use of MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine in combination with auxins and gibberellin suppresses apical dominance and stimulates the growth of axillary buds in Hydrangea explants. The highest efficiency of micropropagation was achieved through repeated subculturing and the cultivation of shoot clusters without division during the early stages, which contributed to an increase in the multiplication rate from 0.0 in the first passage to 5.75 in the fourth passage. The differences observed exceeded the LSD₀₅ value (0.31). The highest multiplication rate, with an average of 5.75 across the Hydrangea species and cultivars studied, was obtained on MS-35 medium, whereas the lowest rate, 1.14, was recorded on MS-42 medium. The highest multiplication rate for an individual genotype was obtained for H. arborescens on MS-35 medium, reaching 5.93. The highest number of shoots was obtained with the addition of 3.0 mg L-1 glucose and 3.0 mg L‑1 sucrose to the culture medium, reaching 6.3 and 6.1 shoots per explant, respectively. The maximum shoot length (7.8 cm) was recorded on MS-35 medium supplemented with 3.0 mg L-1 sucrose. The addition of FeSO₄ to MS-35 medium significantly increased the number and length of shoots mg L-1, with 8.36 shoots per explant and a shoot length of 4.62 cm, whereas the corresponding values in the control were 3.8 shoots per explant and 1.95 cm, respectively. The differences between the treatments exceeded the LSD₀₅ values, which were 0.31 for the number of shoots and 0.19 for shoot length (p < 0.05). Thus, optimisation of the culture medium composition can increase the efficiency of micropropagation of Hydrangea species and provides a basis for the standardised production of large quantities of plant material in vitro. The results can be used to develop technological protocols for the accelerated clonal propagation of the studied genotypes.

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513-537 T.E. Tandathu, E. Van Der Watt, E. Kotzé and Z.P. Khetsha,
Insight on the impacts of brassinosteroid- and seaweed-based biostimulants on glyphosate-resistant commercial crop growth, yield and soil microorganisms: A scoping review
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Insight on the impacts of brassinosteroid- and seaweed-based biostimulants on glyphosate-resistant commercial crop growth, yield and soil microorganisms: A scoping review

T.E. Tandathu¹, E. Van Der Watt¹, E. Kotzé¹ and Z.P. Khetsha²,*

¹University of the Free State, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil- and Crop- and Climate Sciences, PO Box 339, 9300, Bloemfontein, South Africa
²Central University of Technology, Free State, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Quality of Health and Living & Department of Agriculture, Private Bag X20539, 9300, Bloemfontein, South Africa
*Correspondence: zkhetsha@cut.ac.za

Abstract:

Globally, compliance with the chemical regulations on the use of herbicides, particularly glyphosate, remains a challenge. Glyphosate controls various broadleaf, annual, and perennial grasses in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. Although glyphosate targets weeds, it can also influence non-target soil microorganisms and high-value plants through early-season broadcast, pre-plant application, or indirectly via foliar application by droplets falling to the ground. In plants, glyphosate impacts various physiological and physiochemical processes, inhibits auxin transport, and enhances auxin oxidation in plants. Hence, biostimulants serve as a gateway in alleviating such problems. Biostimulants are agricultural products manufactured from natural materials that contain active compounds, which stimulate growth when applied in minute volumes under different growth conditions. In the past, a major focus was directed toward biostimulants’ effects on commercial crops under abiotic stress conditions such as drought, heat, and salinity. However, less emphasis has been placed on the stress caused by herbicide applications. Therefore, this review focuses on future studies to explore brassinosteroid and seaweed-based biostimulants’ impact on glyphosate-resistant commercial crop growth and soil microorganisms. Conclusions and recommendations could be reached using the pool of research material, which consists of research articles, reviews, book chapters, theses, research short communications, and industrial short communications from at least the last ten years.

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103-112 Т.А. Kalinina, О.А. Vysokova, L.А. Khamidullina, А.А. Kochubei, О.Е. Cherepanova and Т.V. Glukhareva
The effect of ethyl 5′-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-5′,7′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,6′-[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin]-3′-carboxylate on Pinus sylvestris L. seed germination
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The effect of ethyl 5′-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-5′,7′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,6′-[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin]-3′-carboxylate on Pinus sylvestris L. seed germination

Т.А. Kalinina¹, О.А. Vysokova¹, L.А. Khamidullina¹², А.А. Kochubei³, О.Е. Cherepanova³ and Т.V. Glukhareva¹*

¹Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira street 19, RU620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
²Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS, Sofia Kovalevskaya street 22, RU620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
³Botanical Garden UB RAS, 8 Marta street 202a, RU620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia
*Correspondence: taniagluhareva@yandex.ru

Abstract:

Plant growth stimulators are capable of enhancing both agricultural output and the rate of plant maturation, consequently improving the total crop yield and increasing their resistance to disease and adverse environmental conditions. This is why such compounds are used in the cultivation of both agricultural and ornamental plants. The aim of this work was to study the effect of ethyl 5′-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-5′,7′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,6′-[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin]-3′-carboxylate on Pinus sylvestris L. seed germination. The article describes the synthesis of ethyl 5′-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-5′,7′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,6′-[1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin]-3′-carboxylate and the data from spectral and X-ray crystal analysis. The results of the experimental stimulation of Pinus sylvestris L. seed germination using spiro-1,2,3-triazolo[5,1-b]1,3,4-thiadiazine are given compared to the commercially available phytohormones thidiazuron and 6-benzylaminopurine. The estimation of germination, vitality, healthy seed ratio and cotyledon length indicated that the tested compound at a concentration of 0.5 mg L-1 had an effect similar to 6-benzylaminopurine: indeed, the speed of germination and fungal invasion rate exceeded the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine.

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