Tag Archives: potassium

190-206 L.G. Matevosyan, S.S. Harutyunyan, M.H. Galstyan, R.H. Osipova, A.T. Mkrtchyan, K.Sh. Sargsyan and R.R. Sadoyan
Balance and coefficients of usage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil and fertilizers by tomatoes and peppers in the conditions of Ararat Plain of Armenia
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Balance and coefficients of usage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil and fertilizers by tomatoes and peppers in the conditions of Ararat Plain of Armenia

L.G. Matevosyan, S.S. Harutyunyan*, M.H. Galstyan, R.H. Osipova, A.T. Mkrtchyan, K.Sh. Sargsyan and R.R. Sadoyan

Scientific Centre of Agriculture, Iss- Le- Mulino 1, AM 1101, Ejmiatsin, Armavir region, Armenia
*Correspondence: ss_harutyunyan@mail.ru

Abstract:

The aim of the research is to reveal the biological removal, balance and coefficient rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use from soil, organo-mineral fertilizers and microbiological concentrates by tomato and sweet pepper in the conditions of Ararat Plain of Armenia. Field experiments were carried out in 2017–2019, on typical irrigated meadow brown soils in triplicate. It has been established that at tomato yields of 50–75 t ha-1, the biological removal of nitrogen ranges from 110 (without fertilizers) to 178 kg ha-1 (N150P80), P2O5: 61–89, K2O5: 166–289 kg ha-1, and at pepper yields of 23–32 t ha-1, respectively – 55–76, 38–49 and 77–106 kg ha-1. Tomato utilization rates from the soil (unfertilized version) are: N: 118, P2O5: 37, K2O: 8%, and the negative balances are respectively: 107, 67 and 109 kg ha-1, similar data for pepper were recorded at: N: 59, P2O5: 23, K2O: 4% and 52, 44, 20 kg ha-1. From fertilizers, tomato absorbs 27–45% nitrogen, 11–48% P2O5 and 48–72% K2O with negative balances (N: 15–55, P2O5: 14–76, K2O: 34–79 kg ha-1), in poultry litter the balance P2O5 = + 94.2 kg ha-1. For pepper, however, these data were respectively amounted to: N: 6–14, P2O5: 10–15, K2O: 9–20%, and the balances were positive. Microbiological concentrates (Azoto + phosphate Barvar) showed poor effectiveness as compared to organo-mineral fertilizers. It was also found that the lower the amount of a mobile element in the soil, or in the fertilizer dose, the higher its utilization rate and vice versa.

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1905–1917 L. Hlisnikovský, P. Čermák, E. Kunzová and P. Barłóg
The effect of application of potassium, magnesium and sulphur on wheat and barley grain yield and protein content
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The effect of application of potassium, magnesium and sulphur on wheat and barley grain yield and protein content

L. Hlisnikovský¹*, P. Čermák¹, E. Kunzová¹ and P. Barłóg²

¹Department of nutrition management, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, CZ16101 Prague 6, Ruzyně, Czech Republic
²Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71F, PL60-625 Poznan, Poland
*Correspondence: l.hlisnik@vurv.cz

Abstract:

The objective of our experiment was to study the effect of mineral fertilizers, rich mainly in the K, Mg and S content, and compare their effect on grain yield and protein content of winter wheat and winter barley with fertilizer treatments without these elements. The analyzed fertilizer treatments were 1) Control, 2) mineral nitrogen treatment (N), 3) mineral nitrogen with phosphorus (NP), 4) NP with potassium, magnesium, and sulphur (NP+KMgS), and 5) NP with magnesium, sulphur and minor part of manganese (4%) and zinc (1%) (NP+MgSMnZn). The experiment was established in Lukavec experimental station (the Czech Republic) in 2013 and lasted until 2017. The crop rotation consisted of four arable crops: winter wheat, winter barley, rapeseed, and potatoes, but only winter wheat and winter barley are analyzed in this paper (grain yields and crude protein content).
In comparison with the Control, the application of mineral fertilizers significantly increased grain yield and protein content of both kinds of cereal. Comparing mineral fertilizers, no significant differences were recorded between N, NP, NP+KMgS and NP+MgSMnZn treatments, showing that nitrogen was the most limiting factor affecting yield and protein content, and initial concentrations of K and Mg were suitable and capable to cover cereal’s demands. However, application of fertilizers has increased the K and Mg soil content and thus prevents the soil from the element’s deficiency, which does not has to be recognized in the early stages by visual observation of arable plants. The effect of the year was also significant as two out of four seasons were characterized by high temperatures and drought.

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662-667 D. Matt, E. Veromann and A. Luik
Effect of housing systems on biochemical composition of chicken eggs
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Effect of housing systems on biochemical composition of chicken eggs

D. Matt, E. Veromann and A. Luik

Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences,Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia; tel: +372 7425 010; e-mail: darja.matt@emu.ee

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of production system (organic, conventional) on the quality of chicken eggs. Energetic value, carbohydrate, cholesterol, protein, fatty acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, dry matter and vitamin contents were evaluated. The mean content of cholesterol was 30%, and potassium 7%, greater in the organic eggs compared with the conventional eggs. No significant difference was found in the content of fatty acids, protein, sodium or dry matter. The organic eggs had considerably lower contents of calcium (2.8 times) compared with eggs from conventional farming. Negligible differences were found in the occurrence of vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D3). The residues of 45 pesticides and 6 PCB isomers were analyzed in both types of eggs and no residues compounds were found.

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27-35 L. Buskienė and N. Uselis
The influence of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth and yield of raspberries cv. ‘Polana’
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The influence of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth and yield of raspberries cv. ‘Polana’

L. Buskienė¹ and N. Uselis²

¹Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, LT–-54333 Babtai, Kaunas distr., Lithuania; e-mail:institutas@lsdi.lt
²Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, LT–-54333 Babtai, Kaunas distr., Lithuania; e-mail:n.uselis@lsdi.lt

Abstract:

The experiment was carried out from 1998–2001 at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, according to the scheme: N60 (control); N60K90; N90; N90K130; N120; N120K180; N150;N150K240. The soil was Epicalcari – Endohypogleic cambisol, clay loam, containing 7.2% oforganic matter, 140 mg kg-1 P2O5, 125 mg kg-1 K2O, 11900 mg kg-1 CaO, 3040 mg kg-1 MgO,pHKCl –7.3.Primocane raspberries cv. ‘Polana’ fertilized with the largest amount of nitrogen fertilizers(N150) produced 20% more primocanes in comparison with the control (N60). Potassiumfertilizers increased the diameter of raspberry stems – fertilizing them with N120K180 stemdiameter resulted in an increase of 5.3%, with N90K130 and by 4.2% with N150K240 incomparison with the control.Primocane raspberries cv. ‘Polana’ fertilized with N120K180 gave the highest yieldincrement – 2.5 t ha-1, and, with N60K90 – 2.4 t ha-1 – in comparison with those fertilized onlywith nitrogen fertilizers (N60).When the rate of nitrogen fertilizers was increased from 60 to 90–150 kg ha-1, the nitrogencontent in the soil increased by approximately 25%. When the rate of potassium fertilizers was increased from 90 to 240 kg ha-1, potassium content in the soil increased to 33%. The content of potassium in raspberry cv. ‘Polana’ leaves significantly increased when fertilizing only with the highest rates of potassium fertilizers (N120K180 – N150K240) – by 12.1–19.7% – in comparisonwith control (N60).

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73–80 V. Loide, M. Nõges and J. Rebane
Assessment of the agrochemical properties of the soil using the extraction solution Mehlich 3 in Estonia
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Assessment of the agrochemical properties of the soil using the extraction solution Mehlich 3 in Estonia

V. Loide¹, M. Nõges² and J. Rebane²

¹Estonian Agricultural University, Kreutzwaldi 64, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: valli.loide@mail.ee
²Agricutural Research Centre, Teaduse 4/6, 75 501 Saku, Estonia; e-mail: noges@pmk.agri.ee

Abstract:

To determine the requirement of macro- and microelements, seven extraction solutions have been employed in Estonian practice. Double lactate (DL) extraction has been used for determination of the phosphorus and potassium requirement, ammonium lactate (AL) extraction for determination of the calcium and magnesium requirement, and five more different extractions have been used for determination of microelements. Hence the need for a more appropriate extraction solution was due to the large number of the extraction solutions used until now, which made determination of the fertiliser requirement less efficient; also, in some cases, use of some extraction solutions did not yield reliable results in the case of particular plants. It was found in this study that the extraction solution Mehlich 3 is suitable for determining the fertiliser requirement of the soils of Estonia, considering their diverse agrochemical properties, while it allows to reduce the number of the extraction solutions. Also, employment of the extraction solution Mehlich 3 yielded more reliable results with respect to plants in the case of phosphorus, potassium, copper and, particularly, magnesium and manganese.

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63–70 E. Lauringson, L. Talgre, H. Roostalu and H. Vipper
The effect of tillage and crop rotation on the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
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The effect of tillage and crop rotation on the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

E. Lauringson¹, L. Talgre¹, H. Roostalu² and H. Vipper¹

¹Department of Field Crop Husbandry, Estonian Agricultural University, Kreutzwaldi 64, 1008 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: ennlaur@eau.ee
²Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Estonian Agricultural University, Kreutzwaldi 64, 1008 Tartu, Estonia; e-mail: roostalu@eau.ee

Abstract:

This research (A long-term field experiment from 1982 to 1997) was conducted at the experimental station of the Department of Field Crop Husbandry of the Estonian Agricultural University. The soil of the experimental site is moderately moist slightly podzolised sandy clay.
Insofar as field crop husbandry is concerned the soil should contain optimal amounts of available nutrients. If the level of available nutrients in the soil is low the plants will suffer and the yield will be low. A rise in soil available nutrient content leads to increased yield of crops, but only up to a certain level (optimal content). Thereafter, a further rise in soil nutrient content fails to effect any significant increase in the harvest.
The soils of the Eerika trial plot have optimal nutrient content and little need for fertilisation. After two crop rotations significant changes in nutrient content and location were observed in the ploughed layer. Compared to the nutrient content determined at the start of the trial period (1982), the greatest changes occurred in the soils under a crop rotation involving cereals, potato and a mixture of red clover and timothy, in which the supply of available phosphorus decreased by 19 mg kg-1 and that of potassium by 121 mg kg-1 on average after two rotations. Compared to the cereal rotation and the rotation containing 50% of cereals and 50% of potato the available phosphorus content dropped by 12–33% and the potassium content by 41–46% in the upper 25-cm soil layer.

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