Tag Archives: productivity

352-364 I. Didur and H. Pantsyreva
Peculiarities of soybean growth and development on gray forest soils
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Peculiarities of soybean growth and development on gray forest soils

I. Didur* and H. Pantsyreva

Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Sonyachna Str. 3, UA21008 Vinnytsia, Ukraine, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-6592
*Correspondence: dim@vsau.vin.ua

Abstract:

The scientific and experimental five-year study highlighted the detailed development of technological techniques for growing soybeans under different hydrothermal growing conditions on gray forest soils. The conducted experimental studies established that under the influence of climatic factors, the duration of the growing season of soybean plants changes, and these factors, as a result, affect the field germination, the conservation factor and, as a result, the yield of plants. It has also been proven that during the ontogenesis of the plant, there are natural changes in linear dimensions depending on varietal characteristics, weather conditions and factors that were investigated. On average, over the years of research, the length of the soybean vegetation period ranged from 110 to 118 days, while the longest vegetation period was recorded on the experimental variants, where seeds were inoculated with the BTU Bioinoculant preparation and two foliar feedings were carried out in phase 3 – the third leaf and budding Helprost soybean. Starting from the flowering phase, soybean plants reacted more intensively to the studied factors. On the options where foliar fertilizing was carried out with Helprost soy mineral fertilizer (2.5 L ha-1) against the background of inoculation with BTU Bioinoculant (2 L t-1), the flowering period lasted 28 ± 3.6 days, which is 3 days more compared to with areas where foliar fertilization was not carried out and for 6 days – compared to the control. This is explained by the influence of a number of factors, in particular, hydrothermal, biotic, soil and anthropogenic. During the period of full ripeness, in connection with the action caused by pests and diseases, certain technological techniques and factors that were put to study, the density of plants according to the experimental options was from 488 ± 28.3 to 552 ± 34.5 thousand ha-1.

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1284-1296 S.M. Shakalii, A.V. Bahan, S.O. Yurchenko, M.M. Marenych, V.V. Liashenko, O.O. Chetveryk, N.S. Shokalo and V.V. Zubenko
Formation of grain yield in corn hybrids of different FAO groups depending on sowing dates and plant density
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Formation of grain yield in corn hybrids of different FAO groups depending on sowing dates and plant density

S.M. Shakalii¹*, A.V. Bahan², S.O. Yurchenko², M.M. Marenych², V.V. Liashenko¹, O.O. Chetveryk², N.S. Shokalo² and V.V. Zubenko²

¹Poltava State Agrarian University, Educational and Research Institute of Agrotechnology, Breeding and Ecology, Department of Plant Science, 1/3, Skovorody Str.,
UA36003 Poltava, Ukraine
²Poltava State Agrarian University, Educational and Research Institute of Agrotechnology, Breeding and Ecology, Department of Breeding, Seed Science and Genetics, 1/3, Skovorody Str., UA36003 Poltava, Ukraine
*Correspondence: shakaliysveta@gmail.com

Abstract:

Formation of productivity of any agricultural crop depends on many factors. First of all, the soil and climatic conditions of the crop growing area, varietal or hybrid composition, seed quality, sowing dates and plant density, and strict adherence to all methods of cultivation technology are important. Corn hybrids of different maturity groups differ in morphological and biological properties. Thus, obtaining the potential yield of an individual genotype is possible under favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, including high-variety agricultural machinery and natural conditions. The maximum yield of high-quality corn grain is formed under the condition of the optimal ratio of all structural elements: weight of 1,000 grains, number of rows of grains in an ear, number of grains in a row, number of grains on one ear, length and diameter of an ear. If one structural element is insufficiently developed, the yield can be compensated by other components. Since individual elements of the structure are formed at different stages of organogenesis, different conditions are necessary for their successful development. The hybrids used in our research revealed peculiarities in the formation of elements of the crop structure, depending on the timing of sowing and stand density. The sizes of the cobs that formed on the corn plants varied little under the influence of sowing dates and plant stand density, but were characteristic of a certain biotype. Studies have shown that all factors of the experiment affect the growth, development of plants and the formation of elements of the structure of the corn grain crop. According to the results of the measurements, it was established that the best indicators of all structural elements were observed for sowing hybrids of different maturity groups in the optimal period – the third decade of April. The highest values of all indicators were observed in the Olkani hybrid, which is explained by the genotypic features of this hybrid.

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1171-1187 H. Kalkis, I. Vanadzins, D. Kaluznaja, A. Poznaka, A. Elksnis and A. Krumins
Changes in work environment parameters in relation to the comfort and factors influencing productivity of office workers: comprehensive literature review
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Changes in work environment parameters in relation to the comfort and factors influencing productivity of office workers: comprehensive literature review

H. Kalkis¹³*, I. Vanadzins², D. Kaluznaja², A. Poznaka¹³, A. Elksnis¹³ and A. Krumins⁴

¹University of Latvia, Faculty of Business, Management and Economics, Aspazijas blvd. 5, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
²Riga Stradins University, Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Dzirciema street 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
³Latvian Ergonomics Society, Jelgavas street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
⁴Lafivents Ltd., Bauskas street 58, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
*Correspondence: henrijs.kalkis@gmail.com

Abstract:

The implications of indoor air quality on human health are well-documented and extensively studied in several researches, encompassing an augmented susceptibility to airborne infections and enduring consequences attributed to diverse chemical pollutants. The repercussions of insufficient air parameters within occupational environments on employee health and productivity are predominantly correlated with perceptions of comfort, satisfaction, the incidence of occupational diseases, and the concentration and decision-making levels. The aim of the study is to develop a causal model of air quality and productivity parameters, based on theoretical analysis, which can be used to assess changes in work environment parameters and their impact on the comfort and productivity of office workers. The theoretical analysis highlighted the significance of employee productivity and the growing importance of well-being in assessing workers’ productivity. Factors such as temperature, humidity, airflow, and especially CO2, were identified as crucial in creating a conducive working environment that influences employee productivity. The research results in the developed indoor air quality parameter matrix as causal model and emphasises the complexity of the relationship between work environment parameters and employee productivity.

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523-536 S. Polishchuk, L. Holyk, N. Havryliuk, L. Kuzmenko, M. Shtakal, N. Tkachenko, V. Bulgakov, S. Ivanovs and A. Rucins
Resistance of the soft winter wheat varieties to pests and their productivity in the northern forest-steppe zone
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Resistance of the soft winter wheat varieties to pests and their productivity in the northern forest-steppe zone

S. Polishchuk¹, L. Holyk¹, N. Havryliuk¹, L. Kuzmenko¹, M. Shtakal¹, N. Tkachenko¹, V. Bulgakov², S. Ivanovs³ and A. Rucins³*

¹National Scientific Centre, Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine, 2 b, Mashinobudivnikiv Str., Chabany vil., Kyiv - Svyatoshin Dist., UA 08162 Kyiv Region, Ukraine
²National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
³Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Engineering and Energetics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Ulbroka Research Centre, 1 Instituta Str., LV 2130 Ulbroka, Ropazu Region, Stopinu Municipality, Latvia
*Correspondence: adolfs.rucins@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

There are highlighted the results of research in order to determine the field and laboratory resistance of the winter wheat varieties in a competitive variety testing at the National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of NAAS (2016–2020) against pests, and the level of their productivity is assessed. Among the studied varieties of winter wheat, varieties with complex resistance were found: to cereal aphids, wheat thrips powdery mildew and brown leaf rust – variety Efektna; to cereal aphids, wheat thrips and leaf rust – varieties Polisianka, Pyriatynka, Krasunia Poliska, Vodohrai, Kesariia Poliska, Myroliubna, Romanivna, Pamiati Hirka, and standard Lisova Pisnia St. When varieties were grown without the use of fungicides, insecticides and growth regulators, their yield varied over the years from 2.99 t ha–1 to 10.71 t ha–1. The best varieties of soft winter wheat in terms of their productivity were identified in the northern Forest – Steppe zone, which are included in the State Register of the plant varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine – Kesariia Poliska (7.67 t ha–1), Pyriatynka (7.10 t ha–1), Myroliubna (7.08 t ha–1), Merezhka (6.77 t ha–1), Kraeivyd (6.71 t ha–1), Pamiati Hirka (6.61 t ha–1), Polisianka (6.51 t ha–1) and Efektna (6.36 t ha–1). Consequently, with proper selection of the winter wheat varieties, it is possible to significantly limit the harmfulness of pests and diseases, to reduce the amount of the used pesticides, to increase the grain productivity, and to improve its commercial and seed quality.

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1199-1212 O. Litvinova, S. Dehodiuk, D. Litvinov, O. Havryliuk, A. Kyrychenko, N. Borys and O. Dmytrenko
Efficiency of technology elements for growing winter wheat on typical chernozem
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Efficiency of technology elements for growing winter wheat on typical chernozem

O. Litvinova¹, S. Dehodiuk², D. Litvinov¹, O. Havryliuk¹*, A. Kyrychenko², N. Borys³ and O. Dmytrenko⁴

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Agrobiological faculty, 12А, 13 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses, 2-B Mashynobudivnykiv Str., UA08162 Chabany, Kyiv region, Ukraine
³National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Scientific staff and post-graduate studies Department, 9 Omelyanovich-Pavlenko Str., UA01010 Kyiv, Ukraine
⁴State Institution Soils Protection Institute of Ukraine, 3 Babushkina lane, UA03190 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: o.havryliuk@nubip.edu.ua

Abstract:

The use of traditional tillage technologies in short-rotational crop rotations increases the cost of agricultural production and has a negative impact on the environment. The research was aimed at establishing and improving the ways winter wheat yield increase in short-rotational crop rotations depending on the efficiency of the main tillage system and fertilizing on typical chernozems s in conditions of unstable moisture in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted at the Department of Agrochemistry National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses at the Panfil Research Station of the National Scientific Center Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in a stationary technological experiment, on typical low-humus chernozem in 2 short rotation crop rotations with the following crops rotation: crop rotation 1 – winter rape (Brassica napus L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), grain maize (Zea mays), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L); crop rotation 2 – soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L). The article presents the results of research in two short-rotation crop rotations with the placement of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) after winter rape (Brassica napus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) against the background of two tillage systems: ploughing (25–27 cm) and no-till (direct sowing). The impact of different methods of soil cultivation and fertilizing systems on the humus content and nutrient regime of typical chernozems in the agrocenosis of winter wheat was determined. It was established that in winter wheat, placed after winter rapeseed and soybeans, there is a tendency to increase the humus content under zero tillage up to 15% relative to the control (without fertilizers) and from 5–14% relative to moldboard tillage (25–27 cm ploughing). The most effective in nutrient accumulation was fertilizing system N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90) applied after rape and after soybean. Respectively, the content of mobile phosphorus compounds increased by 10–18% and potassium by 1.3–2.0 times compared to the control (without fertilizers) with the advantage of no-tillcultivation technology. The given comparative assessment of the yield formation of winter wheat when growing it after different pre-crops showed that the average yield of winter wheat grain in both cultivations on the control option for the soybean pre-crop was 3.55 t ha-1 and 4.00 t ha-1 for rape. The highest increases in grain yield on average over the years of research were provided by the fertilizing system of 50–54% (N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90)) for growing winter wheat after soybeans and 39–47% (N(90)P2О5(90) K2О(90)) on the winter rape
pre-crop with the advantage of moldboard tillage (ploughing) in crop cultivation technologies. The fertilizing system with the introduction of N(16)P2О(16)K2О(16) has the prospect of spreading because, in terms of the formation of typical indicators of chernozem fertility and the yield of winter wheat grain, it approaches technologies with the introduction of N(120)P2О5(90–60)K2О(100–90) with significant cost savings for mineral fertilizers.

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1246-1253 A. Nolberga-Trupa, D. Ruska and G. Grandbergs
Effect of new biologically active feed ingredient – potassium humate on productivity and milk quality of dairy cows
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Effect of new biologically active feed ingredient – potassium humate on productivity and milk quality of dairy cows

A. Nolberga-Trupa¹*, D. Ruska² and G. Grandbergs³

¹²Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture,
Institute of Animal Sciences, 2 Liela Street, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
³Peasant facility ‘Dukati’, Vitinu Parish, LV-3708 Auces Municipality, Latvia
*Correspondence: aiga.trupa@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

In animal feeding, the use of effective bioactive feed additives of natural origin, which have a stimulatory effect on the digestive and metabolic processes in an animal organism, while maximally maintaining the conditions for a healthy rumen environment, in combination with an environmentally friendly and economically beneficial agricultural production process, is being studied. Humates can play an important role in addressing this problem. Therefore, a study with Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows was carried out on the farm ‘Dukati’, Vitinu Parish, Auce Municipality, to understand the effect of potassium humate on the productivity and milk quality of dairy cows. Animals were selected for the research and assigned by the analogy principle to two treatment groups: trial and control; each group consisted of 15 dairy cows. The dairy cows were kept in free stall barns. The animals were provided with all welfare requirements according to the guidelines. During the trial, a decrease in productivity in both groups of cows was observed, but this decrease was slower in the trial group – by 6 kg ECM, compared to the beginning of the trial. During the trial, the milk composition, according to its fat and lactose content, was similar for cows of both groups. The protein content in the milk of the cows of both groups differed (P < 0.05). In the trial cow group, the protein content in milk increased by 0.15%, but the urea content in the milk decreased by 0.96 mg dL-1, and somatic cell count by
180 thsd mL-1 compared to the beginning of the trial.

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1254-1265 L. Paura, L. Berzina, L. Degola, E. Aplocina, D. Kairisa, D. Jonkus and O. Skiste
Trends in milk yield productivity and emissions from the dairy sector in Latvia
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Trends in milk yield productivity and emissions from the dairy sector in Latvia

L. Paura¹, L. Berzina¹*, L. Degola², E. Aplocina², D. Kairisa², D. Jonkus² and O. Skiste³

¹Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Information Technologies, Department of Control Systems, Liela street 2, LV–3001 Jelgava, Latvia
²Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Liela street 2, LV–3001 Jelgava, Latvia
³Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Environment and Civil Engineering, Department of Environment and Water Management, Akademijas street 19, LV–3001 Jelgava, Latvia
*Correspondence: laima.berzina@llu.lv

Abstract:

Dairy cow productivity continuously increased in Latvia in recent years. Despite decreasing numbers of dairy cow population dairy farms have been identified as an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Dairy sector emissions create the largest share of enteric fermentation emissions as well as emissions from manure in housing facilities, during long-term storage and field application within agriculture sector total emissions. The main objective of this study is to present the results of trend analysis in the productivity of the dairy sector and corresponding emission in Latvia. Research is focused on analysis of dairy cow productivity and feeding strategies to quantify the effect of increasing milk yield on GHG emissions. In the framework of this research, emissions were calculated and evaluated for low and high productivity dairy cows according to the methodology of ‘2019 Refinement to the 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories’. During the last decade dairy cow productivity in Latvia has increased and the average milk yield in standard lactation was 8,320 kg per year in 2021. It was observed that 60% of the total number of dairy cows met the requirements of a high-productivity system, while 40% of the dairy cows belonged to low-productivity systems in Latvia. Research results show that total GHG emissions for high-productivity system can reach 5.3 kt CO2 eq. per 1,000 cows per year, however, for low-productivity system the total amount of emissions does not exceed 3.1 kt CO2 eq. per 1,000 cows.

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