Tag Archives: productivity

xxx O. Litvinova, S. Dehodiuk, D. Litvinov, O. Havryliuk, A. Kyrychenko, N. Borys and O. Dmytrenko
Efficiency of technology elements for growing winter wheat on typical chernozem
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Efficiency of technology elements for growing winter wheat on typical chernozem

O. Litvinova¹, S. Dehodiuk², D. Litvinov¹, O. Havryliuk¹*, A. Kyrychenko², N. Borys³ and O. Dmytrenko⁴

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Agrobiological faculty, 12А, 13 Heroiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses, 2-B Mashynobudivnykiv Str., UA08162 Chabany, Kyiv region, Ukraine
³National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Scientific staff and post-graduate studies Department, 9 Omelyanovich-Pavlenko Str., UA01010 Kyiv, Ukraine
⁴State Institution Soils Protection Institute of Ukraine, 3 Babushkina lane, UA03190 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: o.havryliuk@nubip.edu.ua

Abstract:

The use of traditional tillage technologies in short-rotational crop rotations increases the cost of agricultural production and has a negative impact on the environment. The research was aimed at establishing and improving the ways winter wheat yield increase in short-rotational crop rotations depending on the efficiency of the main tillage system and fertilizing on typical chernozems s in conditions of unstable moisture in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted at the Department of Agrochemistry National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses at the Panfil Research Station of the National Scientific Center Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in a stationary technological experiment, on typical low-humus chernozem in 2 short rotation crop rotations with the following crops rotation: crop rotation 1 – winter rape (Brassica napus L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), grain maize (Zea mays), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L); crop rotation 2 – soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L). The article presents the results of research in two short-rotation crop rotations with the placement of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) after winter rape (Brassica napus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) against the background of two tillage systems: ploughing (25–27 cm) and no-till (direct sowing). The impact of different methods of soil cultivation and fertilizing systems on the humus content and nutrient regime of typical chernozems in the agrocenosis of winter wheat was determined. It was established that in winter wheat, placed after winter rapeseed and soybeans, there is a tendency to increase the humus content under zero tillage up to 15% relative to the control (without fertilizers) and from 5–14% relative to moldboard tillage (25–27 cm ploughing). The most effective in nutrient accumulation was fertilizing system N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90) applied after rape and after soybean. Respectively, the content of mobile phosphorus compounds increased by 10–18% and potassium by 1.3–2.0 times compared to the control (without fertilizers) with the advantage of no-tillcultivation technology. The given comparative assessment of the yield formation of winter wheat when growing it after different pre-crops showed that the average yield of winter wheat grain in both cultivations on the control option for the soybean pre-crop was 3.55 t ha-1 and 4.00 t ha-1 for rape. The highest increases in grain yield on average over the years of research were provided by the fertilizing system of 50–54% (N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90)) for growing winter wheat after soybeans and 39–47% (N(90)P2О5(90) K2О(90)) on the winter rape
pre-crop with the advantage of moldboard tillage (ploughing) in crop cultivation technologies. The fertilizing system with the introduction of N(16)P2О(16)K2О(16) has the prospect of spreading because, in terms of the formation of typical indicators of chernozem fertility and the yield of winter wheat grain, it approaches technologies with the introduction of N(120)P2О5(90–60)K2О(100–90) with significant cost savings for mineral fertilizers.

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xxx A. Nolberga-Trupa, D. Ruska and G. Grandbergs
Effect of new biologically active feed ingredient – potassium humate on productivity and milk quality of dairy cows
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Effect of new biologically active feed ingredient – potassium humate on productivity and milk quality of dairy cows

A. Nolberga-Trupa¹*, D. Ruska² and G. Grandbergs³

¹²Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture,
Institute of Animal Sciences, 2 Liela Street, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
³Peasant facility ‘Dukati’, Vitinu Parish, LV-3708 Auces Municipality, Latvia
*Correspondence: aiga.trupa@lbtu.lv

Abstract:

In animal feeding, the use of effective bioactive feed additives of natural origin, which have a stimulatory effect on the digestive and metabolic processes in an animal organism, while maximally maintaining the conditions for a healthy rumen environment, in combination with an environmentally friendly and economically beneficial agricultural production process, is being studied. Humates can play an important role in addressing this problem. Therefore, a study with Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows was carried out on the farm ‘Dukati’, Vitinu Parish, Auce Municipality, to understand the effect of potassium humate on the productivity and milk quality of dairy cows. Animals were selected for the research and assigned by the analogy principle to two treatment groups: trial and control; each group consisted of 15 dairy cows. The dairy cows were kept in free stall barns. The animals were provided with all welfare requirements according to the guidelines. During the trial, a decrease in productivity in both groups of cows was observed, but this decrease was slower in the trial group – by 6 kg ECM, compared to the beginning of the trial. During the trial, the milk composition, according to its fat and lactose content, was similar for cows of both groups. The protein content in the milk of the cows of both groups differed (P < 0.05). In the trial cow group, the protein content in milk increased by 0.15%, but the urea content in the milk decreased by 0.96 mg dL-1, and somatic cell count by
180 thsd mL-1 compared to the beginning of the trial.

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xxx L. Paura, L. Berzina, L. Degola, E. Aplocina, D. Kairisa, D. Jonkus and O. Skiste
Trends in milk yield productivity and emissions from the dairy sector in Latvia
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Trends in milk yield productivity and emissions from the dairy sector in Latvia

L. Paura¹, L. Berzina¹*, L. Degola², E. Aplocina², D. Kairisa², D. Jonkus² and O. Skiste³

¹Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Information Technologies, Department of Control Systems, Liela street 2, LV–3001 Jelgava, Latvia
²Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Liela street 2, LV–3001 Jelgava, Latvia
³Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Environment and Civil Engineering, Department of Environment and Water Management, Akademijas street 19, LV–3001 Jelgava, Latvia
*Correspondence: laima.berzina@llu.lv

Abstract:

Dairy cow productivity continuously increased in Latvia in recent years. Despite decreasing numbers of dairy cow population dairy farms have been identified as an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Dairy sector emissions create the largest share of enteric fermentation emissions as well as emissions from manure in housing facilities, during long-term storage and field application within agriculture sector total emissions. The main objective of this study is to present the results of trend analysis in the productivity of the dairy sector and corresponding emission in Latvia. Research is focused on analysis of dairy cow productivity and feeding strategies to quantify the effect of increasing milk yield on GHG emissions. In the framework of this research, emissions were calculated and evaluated for low and high productivity dairy cows according to the methodology of ‘2019 Refinement to the 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories’. During the last decade dairy cow productivity in Latvia has increased and the average milk yield in standard lactation was 8,320 kg per year in 2021. It was observed that 60% of the total number of dairy cows met the requirements of a high-productivity system, while 40% of the dairy cows belonged to low-productivity systems in Latvia. Research results show that total GHG emissions for high-productivity system can reach 5.3 kt CO2 eq. per 1,000 cows per year, however, for low-productivity system the total amount of emissions does not exceed 3.1 kt CO2 eq. per 1,000 cows.

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241-260 O. Havryliuk, T. Kondratenko, B. Mazur, O. Tonkha, Y. Andrusyk, V. Kutovenko, R. Yakovlev, V. Kryvoshapka, A. Trokhymchuk and Y. Dmytrenko
Efficiency of productivity potential realization of different-age sites of a trunk of grades of columnar type apple-trees
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Efficiency of productivity potential realization of different-age sites of a trunk of grades of columnar type apple-trees

O. Havryliuk¹*, T. Kondratenko², B. Mazur¹, O. Tonkha¹, Y. Andrusyk¹, V. Kutovenko¹, R. Yakovlev¹, V. Kryvoshapka², A. Trokhymchuk² and Y. Dmytrenko¹

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine,
Heroiv Oborony Str., 15, UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Institute of Horticulture of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Sadova Str., 23, UA03027 Novosilky, Kyiv Region, Ukraine
*Correspondence: o.havryliuk@nubip.edu.ua

Abstract:

An article provides information about buds organogenesis in plants of columnar apple cultivars in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Kyiv), which allows to establish the features of this process in complex fruit formations of different ages, and their productivity and longevity. We recommend studying of apple trees productivity in the process of its formation by analyzing of rudimentary organs formation and their consistent development into vegetative and generative organs, which are elements of productivity. Studies of organogenesis different-age fruit formations of columnar apple cultivars were conducted in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2016–2020. It was established that separate age sections of columnar apple trees trunk formed different initial productivity potential. In plants of all studied varieties and age groups, the laying of generative buds, the implementation of reproductive elements in V–IX and X–XI stages of organogenesis were more effective in older age areas of the trunk. Complex fruit formations, regardless of the trunk age where they are placed, form a high potential for productivity, which is effectively realized. The dependence of the formation and productivity potential realization on the stages of organogenesis and meteorological factors is established.

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91-102 I.P. Diordiieva, L.O. Riabovol, Ya.S. Riabovol, O.P. Serzhuk, Iu.І. Nakloka, О.P. Nakloka and S.P. Karychkovska
Breeding and genetic improvement of soft winter wheat with the use of spelt wheat
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Breeding and genetic improvement of soft winter wheat with the use of spelt wheat

I.P. Diordiieva¹, L.O. Riabovol¹, Ya.S. Riabovol², O.P. Serzhuk¹, Iu.І. Nakloka³, О.P. Nakloka⁴ and S.P. Karychkovska⁵

¹Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, 1 Institytska Str., 20300 Uman, Ukraine
²Limagrain Ukraine LLC, 55 Turgenevskaya Str., 04050 Kiev, Ukraine
³Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of General Agriculture, 1 Institytska Str., 20300 Uman, Ukraine
⁴Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Vegetable growing, 1 Institytska Str., 20300 Uman, Ukraine
⁵Uman National University of Horticulture, Faculty of Management, Department of Ukrainian and foreign languages, 1 Institytska Str., 20300 Uman, Ukraine
*Correspondence: diordieva201443@gmail.com

Abstract:

In the process of carrying out studies as a result of hybridization of soft wheat with spelt wheat, a number of new forms that differ in morphobiological and economically valuable features were obtained. The aim of the research was to expand the genetic diversity of soft wheat by hybridization with spelt wheat, analysis of the heterotic effect in hybrids in order to systematize the samples and obtain valuable original forms for the breeding process of creating high-yielding varieties.

As a result of research the breeding technology of creating high-yielding forms of soft winter wheat by cross-species hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. × Triticum spelta L. has been improved. It has been determined that the plant height and ear length in hybrids are inherited by type of intermediate inheritance or negative dominance, the number of grains in the ear – by type of intermediate inheritance or positive dominance; ear grain weight – by type of superdominance or positive dominance. In F2 hybrids there is a dihybrid cleavage into forms with speltoid, squarehead and typical ear with a quantitative predominance of speltoid plants, which indicates the control of the ‘ear shape’ indication by two non-allelic genes. The ear shape of the soft wheat original varieties in relation to speltoid varieties turned out to be a recessive trait, but at the same time it was dominant to a squarehead form. Regardless of the genotypes of soft wheat included in the combination of crossbreeding with spelt wheat, red color ear indication was determined by a monogenic type of inheritance. Varieties of soft winter wheat Artaplot, Umanska Tsarivna and Freya have been created, which are included in the State Registry of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine and recommended for cultivation in Polissia.

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148-160 O. Havryliuk, T. Kondratenko, B. Mazur, V. Kutovenko, B. Mazurenko, O. Voitsekhivska and Y. Dmytrenko
Morphophysiological peculiarities of productivity formation in columnar apple varieties
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Morphophysiological peculiarities of productivity formation in columnar apple varieties

O. Havryliuk¹*, T. Kondratenko¹, B. Mazur¹, V. Kutovenko¹, B. Mazurenko¹, O. Voitsekhivska² and Y. Dmytrenko¹

¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 12 А Heroiv Oborony Str., UA03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Plant biology department, 60 Volodymyrska Str., UA 03127 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence: o.havryliuk@nubip.edu.ua

Abstract:

Differentiation of generative buds is one of the most important biological processes of plant transition from vegetative to generative state. This process is key to the problem of creating regular fruit-bearing and early-fruiting plantations. The article provides information on the organogenesis of buds in plants of columnar apple varieties in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, which allows establishing the features of this process in complex fruit formations of different ages, and the levels of their productivity and longevity. Research to study the organogenesis of different-age fruit formations of columnar apple varieties was conducted in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2016–2020. The efficiency of realization the plants biological potential of all studied columnar apple varieties at III–IV and V–IX stages of organogenesis was high: the largest number of buds from their total number differentiated into generative on trees varieties ‘Sparta’, ‘President’, ‘Bilosnizhka’, ‘Valuta’ and ‘Tantsivnytsia’ (37–51%), the smallest in ‘Favoryt’ and ‘Bolero’. The biggest number of flowers per one potentially generative bud was formed by plants of ‘Tantsivnytsia’ and ‘Bilosnizhka’ varieties. The lowest level of ovarian loss during the X stage of organogenesis was observed on plants of  ‘Valuta’, ‘President’, and ‘Tantsivnytsia’ varieties (41–49%), and the highest – in ‘Favoryt’ variety (up to 83%). More effective realization of potential productivity at the XI stage of organogenesis occurred in plants of ‘President’, ‘Valuta’ and ‘Tantsivnytsia’ varieties; their trees on one potentially generative bud formed – 0.27–0.38 fruits. The coefficient of determination indicates that the influence of meteorological conditions of the year on the passage of III–IV stages of organogenesis is 46%; V–IX stages – 42%; Stage X – 17%; Stage XI – 24%.

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1530-1544 L.E. Kolesnikov, A.A. Belimov, E.Y. Kudryavtseva, B.A. Hassan and Yu.R. Kolesnikova
Identification of the effectiveness of associative rhizobacteria in spring wheat cultivation
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Identification of the effectiveness of associative rhizobacteria in spring wheat cultivation

L.E. Kolesnikov¹, A.A. Belimov², E.Y. Kudryavtseva³, B.A. Hassan⁴ and Yu.R. Kolesnikova³

¹Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Faculty of Agrotechnologies, Soil science and Ecology, Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Petersburgskoe Shosse, 2, RU196601, St. Petersburg - Pushkin, Russia
²Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology”, Laboratory of rhizosphere microflora, sh. Podbelskogo, 3, RU196608, St. Petersburg, Pushkin-8, Russia
³Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), genetic resources of wheat department, plant introduction department, Bolshaya Morskaya Str. 42–44, RU190000, St. Petersburg, Russia
⁴Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Office, Abo-Ghraib, St. Al-Zaytun, H.
IQ10081, Baghdad, Iraq
*Correspondence: kleon9@yandex.ru

Abstract:

The maximum increase in wheat yield (by 67% to the control), associated with a decrease in the root rot development by 19%, an increase in the productive bushiness by 18%, the spike weight by 26%, in the grains number per spike by 8% was noted when using the Bacillus subtilis strain 124-11; the strain effect on leaf diseases was insignificant (2–5%). The plants differed in the maximum changes (to control) in the total bushiness by 59%, the plants vegetative part weight by 27%, the flag leaf area by 21%, the pre-flag leaf area by 28%, the roots numbers and weight by 20% and 62%. After plants treatments with the Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SPB2137, the wheat maturation period was reduced by 9% (to the control), wheat yield increased by 58% due to a decrease in the development of root rot and septoria by 18%, the yellow rust pustules area by 44%; the productive bushiness and plant height increased by 25% and 19%, the plant vegetative weight by 21%, the spike length by 4%. The most expressed protective and growth-stimulating effect was shown by the Sphingomonas sp. K1B, which caused a maximum decrease (to the control) in the root rot and yellow rust development by 22% and 7%, the strips length by 22%, the pustules number in the strip by 29%, brown rust by 10%, septoria by 11%. Wheat plants were characterized by a large number and length of roots by 17% and 13%, root weight by 49%, a maximum increase in the nodal roots number and length by 15% and 17%; total bushiness by 34.5%; a maximum increase in plant vegetative weight by 37%; the spike length by 3%.

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612–628 G. Tobi, Y.E. Bahloul, S. Oumouss, I. Rahmouni, A. Birouk and O. Benlhabib
Productivity, heritability and stability analysis of a Moroccan sugar beet germplasm
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Productivity, heritability and stability analysis of a Moroccan sugar beet germplasm

G. Tobi¹²*, Y.E. Bahloul¹, S. Oumouss¹, I. Rahmouni¹, A. Birouk² and O. Benlhabib²

¹Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Rabat, Research Unit of Plant Improvement Conservation and Development of Phytogenetic Resources, Avenue Mohamed Belarbi Alaoui B.P: 6356 – Instituts, 10101 – Rabat, Morocco
²Research Unit of Applied Biotechnologies in Agriculture, Agrobiodiversity and Local Products, Department of Plant Protection Production and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Avenue Allal EL FASSI – Madinat Al Irfane – BP 6202 – 10101 Rabat, Morocco
*Correspondence: g.tobi@iav.ac.ma

Abstract:

Progeny testing is the second part of maternal recurrent selection scheme adopted by INRA-Morocco for the national sugar beet breeding programme. The objective of this study is sugar beet germplasm productivity, heritability and stability analysis. The studied material concern 18 half-sib families (HSF) preselected initially for their seed production potential. Trials were conducted using randomised complete blocks designs during, 2013/14, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2017/18 campaigns in two experimental fields of INRA-Morocco; Sidi Allal Tazi (34° 30′ N, 6° 19′ W) and Larache (35° 11’ N, 6° 09’ W). Evaluated parameters concern the vigour, root weight (RW), leaf biomass yield (LBY), and sugar content (Sc). Data analysis by comparative procedures explores different accordance degrees of HSF versus controls. Good vegetative growth was observed, 85.6% closer to the maximal indicated scale level. The RW was significantly influenced by the genotype and reached a maximum of 1.06 kg versus 1.08 kg average recorded by controls. Sugar content recorded mean was 20.97% in HSF versus 21.39% in the controls. Most of HSF revealed mean values close to Z-type variety. Estimated heritability was 0.5 for RW, 0.2 for the LBY, and 0.02 for Sc. Sugar content was influenced by the environment and explained by the AMMI model (73.6%) versus 53.9% and 44.4% for root weight and leaf biomass yield respectively. The AMMI stability values showed F11, F12, F16, and F17 families as the most performing and stable HSF. Results demonstrate the relevance of the maternal recurrent selection scheme of the on-going national breeding programme.

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185–198 L.Yu. Novikova, N.A. Chalaya, M.N. Sitnikov, L.M. Gorlova, S.D. Kiru and E.V. Rogozina
Dynamics of tuber weight in early potato varieties in the contrasting weather conditions of the Northwestern Russia
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Dynamics of tuber weight in early potato varieties in the contrasting weather conditions of the Northwestern Russia

L.Yu. Novikova¹*, N.A. Chalaya¹, M.N. Sitnikov¹, L.M. Gorlova¹, S.D. Kiru² and E.V. Rogozina¹

¹N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), 42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., RU190000 St. Petersburg, Russia
²St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, Building A, 2, Peterburgskoe shosse, Pushkin, RU196601 St. Petersburg, Russia
*Correspondence: l.novikova@vir.nw.ru

Abstract:

Under climate changes, it is particularly important to search for characteristics of varieties that are steady in contrasting weather conditions. The aim of the present research was to study the relationship between the growth of tubers and haulms in early potato varieties in the Northwestern Russia. Fourteen early potato varieties were studied in the field experiments conducted in 2017–2019 in the vicinities of St. Petersburg. The results of three intermediate digs on the 45th, 60th and 75th day from the planting date were analyzed. The correlation analysis, ANOVA, and regression were used. The average haulm and tubers weight significantly differed in the years of the study, while the number of tubers per plant and the haulm to tubers weight ratio did not differ. The relative growth rate of tubers weight from day 45 to 60 and from 60 to 75 did not differ significantly between 2018 and 2019, the years contrasting in terms of weather conditions. On the average, the tubers weight increased 2.6–2.8 times from day 45 to 60, and 1.4 times from day 60 to 75. It has been established that the early prediction of productivity in early potato varieties can be based on the haulm weight on the 60th day after planting; its coefficient of correlation with productivity was 0.72–0.79. Every 100 grams of the haulm weight on day 60 ensures a 100–200 g increment in the tubers weight by the time of harvest on day 80. The obtained results can be used in the development of a morphometric indicator-based automated system for monitoring the growth of potato plants.

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2727–2742 N. Krasova,, L. Ikase and D. Dēķena
Evaluation of the main biological and production traits of Latvian apple cultivars in the conditions of Central Russia
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Evaluation of the main biological and production traits of Latvian apple cultivars in the conditions of Central Russia

N. Krasova¹,*, L. Ikase² and D. Dēķena²

¹All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding, VNIISPK, Zhilina, Orel district, RU302530 Orel oblast, Russia
²Institute of Horticulture, Graudu 1, Cerini, Krimunu pag., LV-3701 Dobeles nov., Latvia

Abstract:

Apple selections of Latvian breeding were evaluated in the Central zone of Russia since 1980, in total 32 cultivars and hybrids. After long-term evaluation, the following can be recommended for use in breeding of scab resistant cultivars with high quality fruits – ‘Dace’ (gene Rvi6), ‘Arona’, and good storage – ‘Edite’ (Rvi6), ‘Forele’, ‘Olga’, ‘Маdоna’, for breeding of early cultivars – ‘Roberts’ and DI-93-4-8, both resistant to scab (gene Rvi6) and fruit rots. Cultivars and hybrids with the best cold resistance of vital tissues were selected by artificially modelling winter-hardiness components − early colds (1st component) and mid-winter colds up to -38 °C (2nd component), showing reversible damages not exceeding 2.0 points: ‘Daina’, ‘Ella’, ‘Atmoda’, ‘Gita’, ‘Saiva’, of which the last 3 maintained high hardiness of bark, cambium and xylem with slight increase of bud damages also at -40 °C. Cultivars ‘Daina’ and ‘Ella’ showed resistance of buds and vital tissues on the level of ‘Antonovka’ after modelling a thaw with following freezing to -25 °С (3rd component), which suggests tolerance to fluctuating winter temperatures. These cultivars demonstrated good adaptation to different environment conditions and may be considered in breeding of new adaptive apple cultivars with high fruit quality.

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