Tag Archives: rice

636-658 N.S. Khangar and M. Thangavel
Assessment of environmental impacts: a life cycle analysis of wheat and rice production in Madhya Pradesh
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Assessment of environmental impacts: a life cycle analysis of wheat and rice production in Madhya Pradesh

N.S. Khangar¹ and M. Thangavel²*

¹Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Research scholar, Department of Humanities & Social Science, Indore M.P., India
²Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Social Science, Indore M.P., India
*Correspondence: mohana@iiti.ac.in

Abstract:

The production of cereals is one of the primary activities that is responsible for most of the environmental degradation that is caused by agricultural activities. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the ecosystem & resource emissions along with emissions affecting human health, causing due to agricultural activities. LCA is used to conduct an analysis of 17 types of emissions caused by rice and wheat production per hectare in Madhya Pradesh. Based on LCIA and Monte Carlo simulation, the study provides valuable insights into the regional environmental emissions associated with direct seeded rice (DSR), irrigated wheat (IW) and rainfed wheat (RW). Study shows that except for Marine eutrophication (MEUT) and Agricultural land use (ALU), rice production has relatively higher impact than wheat production. Irrigated wheat production found with higher potential of causing non-cancerous diseases caused by air pollution, whereas rice production has the potential to contribute to cancer disease. The production of rice and wheat in Madhya Pradesh state cumulatively contributes 0.008 Gt CO₂ eq. (0.10% of global total) to the global agrifood system GHG emission within farmgate. Since majority of the emissions are caused by soil & crop nutrients and fuel consumption, here it became important to adopt sustainable agricultural practices & biofuel to lessen the environmental impact of wheat & rice production and make sustainable agro-food system of Madhya Pradesh. Based on study results emission mitigation policies have been suggested taking the existing policies into consideration.

Key words:

carbon footprint, environmental impact, life cycle assessment, rice

965-976 M.A. Hossain, M.A.A. Mamun, M.M.U. Miah, M.M. Haque, M.M. Rahman, M.A.R. Khan, J.C. Biswas and M.A. Karim
Rice growth and yield characteristics under elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen management
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Rice growth and yield characteristics under elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen management

M.A. Hossain¹, M.A.A. Mamun¹*, M.M.U. Miah², M.M. Haque¹, M.M. Rahman³, M.A.R. Khan¹, J.C. Biswas⁴ and M.A. Karim¹

¹Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, BD-1706 Gazipur, Bangladesh
²Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry and Environment, BD-1706 Gazipur, Bangladesh
³Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, BD-1706 Gazipur, Bangladesh
⁴Krishi Gobeshona Foundation, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, BD-1215 Dhaka, Bangladesh
*Correspondence: aamamun@bsmrau.edu.bd

Abstract:

The atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration is increasing and the on crop production needs to be investigated. A pot experiment was conducted in open top chambers (OTC) to determine the response of rice to elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) under varying time of nitrogen (N) application. The results revealed that photosynthesis, root and shoot dry matter production, yield components and nutrient absorption were favored at eCO₂ when N applied up to flowering stage (FT) of rice. However, the N application up to FT of rice also significantly improved percent filled grain, reduce spikelet sterility and rice yield increased by 18 to 20% under eCO₂. Rice plant absorbed higher amount of Zn, Ca, Mg, and Fe at eCO₂ when N was applied up to FT. Amylose was higher but protein percentage was lower at eCO₂. These results indicate that to maximize rice yield under eCO₂, it is important to supply N up to FT of rice in order to increase grain fertility and reduce spikelet sterility.

Key words:

crop yield, gas exchange, grain fertility, plant nutrition, rice, spikelets sterility

531-548 E. Dubina, P. Kostylev, S. Garkusha, M. Ruban, S. Lesnyak, Y. Makukha, S. Korzh, D. Nartymov and O. Gorun
The use of SSR-markers in rice breeding for resistance to blast and submergence tolerance
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The use of SSR-markers in rice breeding for resistance to blast and submergence tolerance

E. Dubina¹²*, P. Kostylev³, S. Garkusha¹², M. Ruban¹, S. Lesnyak¹, Y. Makukha¹, S. Korzh¹, D. Nartymov¹ and O. Gorun¹

¹Federal Scientific Rice Centre, Laboratory of Informational, Digital and Biotechnologies, Belozerny 3, RU350921 Krasnodar, Russia
²Kuban State Agrarian University, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kalinina 13, RU350004 Krasnodar, Russia
³Agricultural research center ‘Donskoy’, Laboratory of Rice Breeding and Seed Production, Nauchny Gorodok 3, RU347740 Zernograd, Russia
*Correspondence: lenakrug1@rambler.ru

Abstract:

The identification of effective specialized DNA markers providing the clear control of target locus inheritance by the trait of submergence tolerance has been conducted. Among the studied set of microsatellite markers, two the most informative SSR-markers – RM 7481, PrC3 showed high efficiency in detecting intraspecific polymorphism of rice varieties and lines used in the work. With the use of these markers the clear genotype marking the obtained hybrid rice plants by this trait has been conducted and it is has been verified by phenotype evaluation as a result of laboratory trials. The plant samples carrying the target gene in heterozygous and homozygous state has been selected. About 400 backcrossed self-pollinated rice lines with introgressed and pyramided resistance genes Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-ta, Pi-b to Pyricularia oryzae Cav. were obtained within the frameworks of program to develop genetic rice sources resistant to blast. The conducted testing for resistance to blast and the assessment by economically valuable traits have allowed to select the prospective rice samples. The plant samples of F2 and BC1F1 generations with combination of resistance to blast genes (Pi) and submergence tolerance gene (Sub1A) in homozygous and heterozygous state that is confirmed be the results of analysis of their DNA have been obtained. The obtained hybrid plants are being tested in breeding nurseries for a complex of economically valuable traits. The best plants will be selected and send to State Variety Testing system. Their involving in rice industry will reduce the use of plant protection chemicals against diseases and weeds, thereby increasing the ecology status of the rice industry.

Key words:

blast resistance genes, DNA markers, PCR analysis, rice, rice varieties, submergence tolerance genes

1104-1116 A.N. Puspito, S. Nabilah, D.M.A. Imam Buqori, S. Hartatik, Kyung-Min Kim and M. Ubaidillah
Genetic diversity analysis of Indonesian rice germplasm (Oryza sativa L.) with simple sequence repeat markers
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Genetic diversity analysis of Indonesian rice germplasm (Oryza sativa L.) with simple sequence repeat markers

A.N. Puspito¹, S. Nabilah¹, D.M.A. Imam Buqori², S. Hartatik², Kyung-Min Kim³ and M. Ubaidillah⁴*

¹University of Jember, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Jember, ID6812 East Java, Indonesia
²University of Jember, Faculty of Agriculture, Study Program of Agronomy, Jember, ID6812 East Java, Indonesia
³Kyungpook National University, College of Agriculture and Life Science, School of Applied BioSciences, Division of Plant Biosciences, Daegu, South Korea
⁴University of Jember, Faculty of Agriculture, Study Program of Agrotechnology, Jember, ID6812 East Java, Indonesia
*Correspondence: moh.ubaidillah.pasca@unej.ac.id

Abstract:

The characterization of germplasm provides information on the regional rice genetic diversity and variety kinship classification. This study aimed to provide information on the agro-morphological traits and genetic diversity of fifty local rice varieties from Java and Borneo Island in Indonesia. The variability of thirteen agronomic traits showed the differentiation among t
he accessions, while the phenotypic traits were grouped into six clusters. The genotyping characterization was conducted using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers (22 microsatellites), and continued with genetic diversity and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) analysis. The agro-morphological clustering based on Ward’s Hierarchical constructed six sub-clusters. The PC1 and PC2 had 86.3% of the total percentage. The UPGMA method was used to construct
six different groupings, as the correlation between each group and its collecting source was significant. Furthermore, the UPGMA dendrogram clustered the 50 accessions into six main clusters, while the PIC showed a polymorphism value range of 0.41–0.74. RM162 located on chromosome 5, which was considered as the best marker for fifty-one genotypes. At the same time, the lowest PIC value of 0.41 was observed in RM431 located in chromosome 1. This classification can be helpful as a detailed information for plant breeders to characterize and select the germplasm, while conducting backcrosses between rice accessions.

Key words:

agro-morphological, diversity, germplasm, rice, SSR

1044-1059 A. Noor, I. Lubis, M. Ghulamahdi, R.D. Ningsih, K. Anwar, M.A. Chozin and D. Wirnas
The response by selected rice genotypes to organic ameliorants in tidal swampland which is affected by Fe toxicity
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The response by selected rice genotypes to organic ameliorants in tidal swampland which is affected by Fe toxicity

A. Noor¹*, I. Lubis², M. Ghulamahdi³, R.D. Ningsih¹, K. Anwar⁴, M.A. Chozin³ and D. Wirnas⁵

¹Research Center for Food Crops  Research Organization for Food and Agriculture –National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Banjarbaru ID70714, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
²Crop Production Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, ID16680Bogor, Indonesia
³Crop Ecophysiology Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, ID16680 Bogor, Indonesia
⁴Swampland Agricultural Research Institute, Banjarbaru ID70712 South Kalimantan, Indonesia
⁵Plant Breeding Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, ID16680 Bogor, Indonesia
*Correspondence: aidinoor@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Ferrous Fe toxicity in rice has been reported to be one of several major limitations in terms of wetland rice production. Previous studies have reported a decrease in paddy rice yields of between 12–100% due to this problem. A study was conducted in order to determine the growth and yield factors for selected rice genotypes as a response to the presence of organic ameliorants, and their interaction in controlling ferrous Fe toxicity levels in rice which is grown in tidal swampland. Experiments formed part of this study, with these being conducted in tidal swampland around Danda Jaya village and Belandean village in Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design to test the organic ameliorant treatments (the control was fresh Salvinia sp, with the compost being formed of Salvinia sp, plus rice straw, and cow manure as the main plots, and sub-plots being formed of rice genotypes (TOX-4136, Inpara-1, Inpara-2, Inpara-4, and IR-64). Results from the experiments revealed the fact that organic ameliorants could reduce ferrous Fe toxicity levels, as well as Fe content in plant tissues, while plant height and the number of tillers also decreased. Rice genotypes which are medium tolerant or fully tolerant to ferrous Fe toxicity when organic amelioration treatments are added can serve to decrease ferrous Fe toxicity and increase the number of filled grains and yield. Applications of fresh Salvinia and Salvinia compost were as effective as an application of rice straw and cow manures when it came to successfully increasing the yield of rice grown in tidal swampland. Ferrous iron toxicity in rice which has been produced in tidal swampland can be overcome by using tolerant genotypes (Inpara-1 and Inpara-4), or organic ameliorants (Salvinia sp).

Key words:

Fe toxicity, land amelioration, rice, Salvinia sp, tidal swampland

284-288 I. Lignicka, A. Graci (Balgalve) and A.M. Zīdere - Laizāne
Amino acid content in rice and lentil meal for vegan and pescatarian diet
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Amino acid content in rice and lentil meal for vegan and pescatarian diet

I. Lignicka*, A. Graci (Balgalve) and A.M. Zīdere - Laizāne

Felici LLC, Rigas gatve 8, LV-2164 Adazi, Adazu novads, Latvia
*Correspondence: ilva.lignicka@musli.lv

Abstract:

Combining different raw materials, it is possible to increase plant-based protein functionality. Traditionally lentils are combined with rice. As rice complements lentils in sulphur-containing amino acids this plant-based combination provides a complete profile of essential amino acids. The aim of this study was to compare amino acid content and scoring pattern in vegan and pescatarian quick preparation meals and analyse developed meal suitability for a vegan diet containing all needed amino acids. Results show that vegan and pescatarian quick preparation meals contain all essential amino acids at adequate amounts according to FAO`s recommendation, results showed no significant difference between samples (p > 0.05). These results show that combining rice and lentils it is possible to develop a meal suitable for a vegan diet that contains all needed amino acids.

Key words:

essential amino acids, lentils, pescatarian, rice, vegan

229-234 I. Lignicka, A. Graci (Balgalve) and A.M. Zīdere-Laizāne
Nutritious lentil and rice meal for sustainable vegan and pescatarian diet
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Nutritious lentil and rice meal for sustainable vegan and pescatarian diet

I. Lignicka*, A. Graci (Balgalve) and A.M. Zīdere-Laizāne

Felici LLC, Rigas gatve 8, LV-2164 Adazi, Adazu novads, Latvia
*Correspondence: ilva.lignicka@musli.lv

Abstract:

Urbanization has been accompanied by changes towards diets that have placed increased pressure on the environment and human health. Shifting diet from beef towards less-impactful proteins is the most important policy goal for dietary sustainability in 2050. Fish can also help to shift to lower emission diets, fish-eaters have nearly the same emissions profile as strict vegetarians. The aim of this study was to develop quick preparation lentil and rice meals that would be suitable for a sustainable vegan and pescatarian diet and to analyse and compare their nutritional values. Sample nutritional values were calculated according to raw material nutritional values. Results show that if most raw materials are plant-based there is no significant difference between vegan and pescatarian quick preparation meal sample nutritional values other than minerals and vitamins. Vegan quick preparation meal sample which contains green lentils has higher iron content comparing to pescatarian quick preparation meal which contains red lentils and freeze-dried salmon powder and has higher vitamin B1, B3 and B6 content.

Key words:

lentils, pescatarian, rice, sustainable diet, vegan