Tag Archives: seeding rate

682-724 Y. Tsytsiura
Chlorophyll fluorescence induction method in assessing the efficiency of pre-sowing agro-technological construction of the oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) agrocenosis
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Chlorophyll fluorescence induction method in assessing the efficiency of pre-sowing agro-technological construction of the oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) agrocenosis

Y. Tsytsiura*

Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry,
Sonyachna Str., 3, UA21008 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
*Correspondence: yaroslavtsytsyura@ukr.net, yaroslav301974@gmail.com

Abstract:

Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) is a measure of photosynthetic performance and is widely used by plant physiologists and ecophysiologists. The basic principle of CFI analysis is relatively straightforward. The specified method of analysis during 2015–2020 was applied to assess the optimality of selection of technological sowing parameters such as sowing rate (estimated interval 0.5–4.0 million germinable seeds ha-1), row width (15–30 cm), pre-sowing fertilizer (N0–90P0–90K0–90) for three varieties of oilseed radish. The widely tested basic indicators of the CFI curve (F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst) were used, as well as possible indices and ratios calculated on their basis in accordance with the CFI analysis methodology.

For the first time, the species characteristics of oilseed radish were investigated by the nature of the CFI curve in relation to spring rape, white mustard, and spring mustard on the 1.5 germinable seeds ha-1 (30 cm row width, N0P0K0) variant. It was established by the stress sensitivity category of the PSII photosystem that a reliable possibility of using the CFI method for identification studied technological options for sowing. The share of the influence of the technological factor of the sowing method (in %) on the formation of indicators F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst in the dispersion scheme of the experiment was consistently 19.3, 8.4, 19.5, 6.3. The influence of the seeding rate factor on the results of F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst was (in %) 26.6, 9.5, 42.3, 9.3 and the influence of the fertilizer factor was 13.5, 16.4, 5.7, 12.7, respectively.

The formation of the specified basic indicators of the CFI curve in the resulting interaction of the technological parameters of sowing depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation of oilseed radish with the share of influence of 20.1, 40.2, 28.1, 30.0, respectively. It was determined that the decrease in the indicator of the hydrothermal coefficient (in the ratio of the increase in the sum of average daily temperatures to the decrease in the amount of precipitation) ensures the following dynamics of changes in the main and derivative indicators of CFI: a decrease Fpl 1.3%, Fm 11.8%, ER 8.7%, Lwp 15.9%, RFd 25.3%, Kprp 21.9%, Kfd 17.7% and growth F0 5.1%, Fst 7.3%, Que 40.4%, Kef 24.0%, Vt 71.3%.

The comparison during the study period of options 4.0 and 0.5 million germinable seeds ha-1 determined an averaged decrease in F0 and Fst indicators by 29.5% and 29.1% while increasing Fpl and Fm by 2.2% and 38.5%. According to the determined level of CFI indicators for various technological schemes of sowing, an expedient option was recommended, which ensures the highest efficiency of the PSII photosystem of oilseed radish in the range of 1.0–2.0 germinable seeds ha-1 with a fertilization rate of N30–60P30–60K30–60 for row sowing and 1.5 germinable seeds ha-1 with a fertilization rate of N60–90P60–90K60–90 for wide-row sowing.

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123–132 S. Kadyrov and M. Kharitonov
Productivity of corn hybrids in relation to the seeding rate
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Productivity of corn hybrids in relation to the seeding rate

S. Kadyrov and M. Kharitonov*

Voronezh State Agrarian University after Emperor Peter I, Department of Agriculture, Plant and Plant Protection, Michurina 1, RU394087 Voronezh, Russia
*Correspondence: mikh.xaritonoff@yandex.ru

Abstract:

Potential yield of corn hybrids with a different FAO number is limited by not only rainfall amount, average soil and air temperature throughout vegetation period, but also directly depends on plant density. The study and practical application of special agricultural techniques allows us to limit and mitigate the negative impact of these factors on the productivity of maize, depending on the indicators under study and the soil and climatic resources of the cultivation zone. Therefore, the study of the influence of the seeding rate on the growth and development of corn plants remains relevant. The results presented make it possible to choose optimal seeding rates for corn hybrids of early and middle groups of ripeness (FAO 180-280). Overcrowding from 61,000 to 93,000 seeds ha-1 leads to increase in interstage period ‘sprouting–wax ripeness’ of Rodnik 179SV hybrid for 4 days, of MAS 12R and AMELIOR hybrids–for 2 days, and of MAS 30K hybrid – for 3 days. Hybrids Rodnik 179SV and AMELIOR reached maximum height –217 cm and 214 cm respectively – at seeding rate of 73,000 seeds ha-1, while hybrids MAS 12R and MAS 30K grew up to their 213 cm and 223 cm respectively at seeding rate of 77,000 seeds ha-1. Decrease in seeding rate to less than 73,000 seeds ha-1 and, contrary to it, overcrowding of seeds of more than 77,000 seeds ha-1 leads to decrease in corn hybrid plant height. Agronomically, the most efficient for maximizing early ripe Rodnik 179SV and MAS 12R hybrids yields (6.39 and 6.73 t ha-1) and middle-early ripe AMELIOR hybrid yield (6.81 t ha-1) was the seeding rate of 73,000 seeds ha-1, while the highest yield of middle MAS 30K hybrid (7.21 t ha-1) was at the seeding rate of 77,000 seeds ha-1.

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212-220 I. Plūduma-Pauniņa, Z. Gaile, B. Bankina and R. Balodis
Field Bean (Vicia faba L.) Yield and Quality Depending on Some Agrotechnical Aspects
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Field Bean (Vicia faba L.) Yield and Quality Depending on Some Agrotechnical Aspects

I. Plūduma-Pauniņa¹³*, Z. Gaile¹, B. Bankina² and R. Balodis¹

¹Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Liela street 2, LV-3001, Jelgava, Latvia
²Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Soil and Plant Science, Liela street 2, LV-3001, Jelgava, Latvia
³Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Research and Study Farm "Pēterlauki", Platone parish, LV-3021, Latvia
*Correspondence: ievapluuduma@inbox.lv

Abstract:

Despite growing interest about field beans (Vicia faba L.), only few researches have been carried out in Baltic countries on the possibility to increase field beans’ yield and quality depending on different agrotechnical measures. Field trial was carried out in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Researched factors during all years were: A – variety (’Laura’, ’Boxer’, ’Isabell’), B – seeding rate (30, 40 and 50 germinate able seeds m-2), C – treatment with fungicide (with and without application of fungicide). Beans’ yield (t ha-1) and yield quality characteristics were detected in the trial. Temperature and moisture conditions were mostly suitable for high yield formation of field beans in all three trial years. In all three trial years, field bean yield has been significantly affected by all factors. The highest yield (p = 0.001) was provided by variety ‘Boxer’ in all years (6.10–7.74 t ha-1). Thousand seed weight (TSW) was significantly affected by variety and fungicide application. From agronomical point of view, crude protein level was not importantly affected by seeding rate changes or fungicide application. Volume weight was affected significantly by increased seeding rate only in 2016. Fungicide application also did not affect volume weight significantly during the whole trial period. Field bean yield increased by each year, but the main tendencies in all years were the same: higher yield and TSW was provided by variety ‘Boxer’, but higher protein content and volume weight – by ‘Isabell’. Seeding rate increase gave positive impact on yield. Fungicide application affected field bean yield, but did not affect its quality significantly.

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033–043 A. Bender
Impact of the seeding and nitrogen fertilizer rates of spring wheat that is used as a cover crop on the yielding ability of tetraploid red clover stand established at different seeding rates
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Impact of the seeding and nitrogen fertilizer rates of spring wheat that is used as a cover crop on the yielding ability of tetraploid red clover stand established at different seeding rates

A. Bender

Estonian Crop Research Institute, Aamisepa 1, EE 48 309 Jõgeva, Estonia
e-mail: ants.bender@etki.ee

Abstract:

In the years 2013–2014, a field trial was conducted at the Estonian Crop Research Institute in order to investigate a possibility of using spring wheat as a cover crop in the establishment of red clover seed field. In the trial the cover crop had four different seeding and fertilization rates. Two tetraploid red clover cultivars, ‘Varte’ (early) and ‘Ilte’ (late), were seeded at rates 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg PLS per hectare in four replications. In the year of sowing the height and density of generative tillers of spring wheat, the grain yield and its quality, the number of red clover plants per m², and the seed yield of red clover and its quality in the 1st year of harvest were determined. Economic feasibility was calculated based on the prices valid at the time of trial conduction. The trial confirmed that while establishing a red clover seed field, it is possible to replace the earlier recommended six-rowed early barley cultivars with early spring wheat cultivars. It is expedient to reduce the seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer rate of cover crop by one third. The optimum seeding rate of tetraploid red clover cultivars was 4–6 kg PLS ha-1.

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